晉(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)當俘(fu)虜(lu)時(shi)，曾(ceng)請(qing)求(qiu)割(ge)讓(rang)五座城池給秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)換取自己的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)。可(ke)當晉(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)回國(guo)(guo)(guo)后，卻遲遲不提割(ge)讓(rang)城池的(de)(de)(de)事，秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)此(ci)很是氣憤。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前647年，晉(jin)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繼位時(shi)，晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)爆(bao)發(fa)饑(ji)(ji)荒，身為(wei)(wei)鄰國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)卻大(da)力相助。而(er)當秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)爆(bao)發(fa)饑(ji)(ji)荒時(shi)，晉(jin)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卻趁(chen)火(huo)打(da)劫(jie)，出兵攻打(da)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頓時(shi)龍顏大(da)怒，馬上派兵防(fang)守。秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)雖然內(nei)有(you)饑(ji)(ji)荒，外有(you)戰亂，但(dan)畢竟(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)力強(qiang)盛，漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)轉守為(wei)(wei)攻，最終大(da)敗(bai)晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，俘(fu)虜(lu)了晉(jin)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。但(dan)秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)示：俘(fu)虜(lu)晉(jin)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，只為(wei)(wei)懲(cheng)罰他當年的(de)(de)(de)忘恩負義及現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)怨報德、落井下(xia)石。便放(fang)了晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)臣(chen)大(da)夫，晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)臣(chen)們馬上下(xia)拜，承認(ren)自己不如秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無私。這就是“甘拜下(xia)風(feng)”的(de)(de)(de)由(you)來。
甘拜下風：原指(zhi)(zhi)甘(gan)(gan)心服(fu)從、聽命；后泛指(zhi)(zhi)真心佩服(fu)，自(zi)認(ren)不如；比(bi)喻處于劣勢地位。甘(gan)(gan)：甘(gan)(gan)愿，樂意(yi)；下風：風向的下方。
成語出(chu)自(zi)清·李汝珍(zhen)《鏡花緣(yuan)》：“如此議論(lun)，才見讀書(shu)人自(zi)有卓見，真是家(jia)學淵源，妹子甘拜下風。”
拜：恭敬地。
甘拜下風，補充式；作謂語(yu)、賓語(yu)。
近義詞：五體(ti)投地(di)、心悅誠服、甘居人后、自嘆(tan)不如(ru)、首(shou)肯心折。
反義詞：爭長論短、不(bu)甘(gan)落后、先聲奪人(ren)、爭強好勝、不(bu)甘(gan)雌(ci)伏、爭強斗勝、不(bu)甘(gan)示(shi)弱、迎頭趕上、毫(hao)不(bu)示(shi)弱。
甘拜下風和(he)“自愧不(bu)如”；都有(you)心甘情愿地承認自己(ji)不(bu)如別人(ren)(ren)這(zhe)個事(shi)實(shi)的意(yi)思(si)；但甘拜下風偏重(zhong)在“甘”；真心佩服別人(ren)(ren)；“自愧不(bu)如”偏重(zhong)在“愧”；自己(ji)慚愧比不(bu)上人(ren)(ren)家。
艷(yan)陽高照
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