晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)在秦(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)當(dang)(dang)俘虜時(shi),曾請求(qiu)割(ge)(ge)讓五座城池給(gei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)換取自己的(de)(de)自由。可(ke)當(dang)(dang)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)回國(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou),卻(que)遲遲不(bu)提(ti)割(ge)(ge)讓城池的(de)(de)事,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為此(ci)很是(shi)氣憤。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前647年(nian),晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)繼(ji)位時(shi),晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)爆發饑荒,身為鄰國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)卻(que)大(da)(da)力相助。而當(dang)(dang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)爆發饑荒時(shi),晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卻(que)趁(chen)火打(da)劫,出兵攻打(da)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頓時(shi)龍顏大(da)(da)怒,馬(ma)上派兵防守(shou)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)雖然內有(you)饑荒,外有(you)戰(zhan)亂,但畢竟國(guo)(guo)(guo)力強(qiang)盛,漸(jian)漸(jian)轉(zhuan)守(shou)為攻,最(zui)終(zhong)大(da)(da)敗晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo),俘虜了晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。但秦(qin)(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)表示:俘虜晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong),只為懲(cheng)罰他當(dang)(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)忘恩負義及(ji)現在的(de)(de)以(yi)怨報德、落井下(xia)石。便放了晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)臣大(da)(da)夫,晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)臣們(men)馬(ma)上下(xia)拜,承認自己不(bu)如秦(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)(da)公(gong)(gong)(gong)無私。這就是(shi)“甘拜下(xia)風”的(de)(de)由來。
甘拜下風:原(yuan)指甘(gan)心服(fu)從、聽命;后泛(fan)指真心佩服(fu),自認不如(ru);比喻處于劣勢地位。甘(gan):甘(gan)愿,樂意;下風:風向(xiang)的下方。
成語出自(zi)清·李汝珍《鏡花緣》:“如此議論(lun),才見讀(du)書(shu)人自(zi)有(you)卓見,真(zhen)是(shi)家學淵源,妹(mei)子甘拜下風(feng)。”
拜:恭敬地。
甘拜下(xia)風,補充式;作謂語、賓(bin)語。
近義詞:五(wu)體投(tou)地(di)、心(xin)悅誠服、甘居(ju)人(ren)后(hou)、自(zi)嘆(tan)不(bu)如、首肯心(xin)折。
反義詞:爭長論短、不甘(gan)落后、先(xian)聲奪人(ren)、爭強好勝、不甘(gan)雌伏、爭強斗勝、不甘(gan)示弱(ruo)、迎頭趕上、毫不示弱(ruo)。
甘(gan)拜(bai)下(xia)風(feng)和(he)“自愧(kui)(kui)不(bu)如”;都有(you)心(xin)甘(gan)情愿地承認自己不(bu)如別(bie)人這個(ge)事實的意思;但甘(gan)拜(bai)下(xia)風(feng)偏重在“甘(gan)”;真心(xin)佩服別(bie)人;“自愧(kui)(kui)不(bu)如”偏重在“愧(kui)(kui)”;自己慚愧(kui)(kui)比不(bu)上人家。