三(san)林崩(beng)(beng)瓜(gua)是因皮(pi)薄(bo)而脆,成熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)稍受(shou)碰(peng)擊即會崩(beng)(beng)裂,外形(xing)(xing)長圓(yuan),中部(bu)略粗(cu),似橄欖形(xing)(xing)的(de)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling),又(you)稱馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)瓜(gua)。因皮(pi)薄(bo)而脆,成熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)稍受(shou)碰(peng)擊即會崩(beng)(beng)裂,外形(xing)(xing)長圓(yuan),中部(bu)略粗(cu),似橄欖形(xing)(xing)的(de)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling),又(you)稱馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)瓜(gua)。單重2公斤左右,大者2.5-3公斤,瓜(gua)皮(pi)呈淡綠色(se)(se),有(you)淺色(se)(se)花網紋,皮(pi)薄(bo)而脆,瓤色(se)(se)淡黃,籽血紅,肉(rou)厚汁多(duo),甜(tian)度尤(you)高(gao),清香爽口。崩(beng)(beng)瓜(gua)植株(zhu)嬌嫩,對生長環境要(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao),如選(xuan)擇排灌條件(jian)好的(de)田塊,施(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei),結瓜(gua)后(hou)只宜施(shi)淡肥(fei)(fei),不(bu)能施(shi)濃肥(fei)(fei)、化(hua)肥(fei)(fei),抗旱要(yao)開(kai)溝(gou)灌水,不(bu)能漫灌,摘瓜(gua)時宜在午后(hou),以(yi)減(jian)少破裂。
三林(lin)(lin)崩瓜(gua),原(yuan)產地紹興(xing),上海最早在川沙,莘莊、顓(zhuan)橋等(deng)地栽培,繼而傳至南(nan)匯喬(qiao)家花(hua)園、觀音(yin)堂一帶(dai),而后才(cai)流傳到三林(lin)(lin)塘。
崩瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)具有(you)近百(bai)年歷史,尤其三林的崩瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)更是上海本地傳統名瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)。傳說(shuo)每當雷雨過后,該瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)常破裂滿(man)地,故名崩瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)或迸瓜(gua)(gua)(gua);又因為形狀如馬鈴,人稱“馬鈴瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)”。也有(you)寫成(cheng)“浜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)”的,是否因種在河浜邊而(er)得名,這要請教(jiao)當地老農(nong)了。
崩(beng)瓜(gua)的(de)身(shen)世也(ye)是眾說紛紜。據說川(chuan)沙麥家圈中(zhong)種(zhong)得(de)更早,后(hou)才引(yin)至(zhi)三林(lin)塘,種(zhong)源在浙(zhe)江紹(shao)興一帶,可從沒(mei)聽說過(guo)紹(shao)興歷史(shi)上有如(ru)此名(ming)品;或(huo)說引(yin)自遙遠(yuan)的(de)新疆,還有洋西瓜(gua)和(he)本(ben)土瓜(gua)雜交(jiao)而成的(de)講法,可都找不到(dao)確鑿的(de)史(shi)料,暫(zan)時只好諸說并存。后(hou)來崩(beng)瓜(gua)飄洋過(guo)海傳到(dao)日本(ben),改稱“嘉(jia)寶”。
大凡(fan)名貴品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總顯得(de)有些(xie)“嬌(jiao)氣(qi)”,命運多舛(chuan)。因為(wei)皮薄瓜(gua)脆(cui),崩(beng)瓜(gua)在(zai)搬(ban)運過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)極易破裂,損耗(hao)率高,所以(yi)售價要比一(yi)(yi)般西瓜(gua)高許多,只(zhi)有富裕人(ren)家才享受得(de)起。解(jie)放后(hou)一(yi)(yi)度(du)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得(de)很(hen)多,可后(hou)來(lai)實行(xing)計(ji)劃(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),瓜(gua)田面積越縮越小,1958年人(ren)民(min)公社的(de)生產(chan)計(ji)劃(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)竟然沒(mei)有了崩(beng)瓜(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。眼見為(wei)三(san)林(lin)爭得(de)名氣(qi)的(de)崩(beng)瓜(gua)面臨絕(jue)境,老(lao)(lao)瓜(gua)農(nong)很(hen)是心(xin)疼,千方百計(ji)覓來(lai)瓜(gua)籽(zi),交(jiao)給生產(chan)隊繼(ji)續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。可在(zai)當時情(qing)況下,崩(beng)瓜(gua)的(de)收購價只(zhi)能和其他瓜(gua)差(cha)不多,這(zhe)不成了賠本的(de)買賣(mai)?終于,三(san)林(lin)塘(tang)崩(beng)瓜(gua)在(zai)1976年徹底絕(jue)了種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1978年,上海農(nong)業科學院從(cong)日(ri)本引(yin)回“嘉寶”原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)300粒,交(jiao)三(san)林(lin)公社種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)籽(zi)站(zhan),由(you)老(lao)(lao)瓜(gua)農(nong)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.7畝,1979年試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2.1畝,當年上市32擔(dan),特供錦(jin)江飯(fan)店。后(hou)來(lai)產(chan)量(liang)多了,超市也曾見過(guo)供應,但似乎(hu)并不如想象中(zhong)(zhong)那(nei)樣甜(tian),也許是變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)緣(yuan)故,昔日(ri)據(ju)說甜(tian)度(du)達(da)17度(du)的(de)“妙物”已成為(wei)“廣陵散”。
三林崩瓜是因皮(pi)薄而脆,成熟后稍受(shou)碰(peng)擊即(ji)會崩裂,味(wei)道(dao)甜美,具有食用(yong)價值(zhi)。