質量特色
子實體色澤(ze)白(bai)亮,菌柄(bing)細長,蓋小質細,整齊均勻,外形感觀(guan)好,口感脆嫩爽滑。
地標地理
灌南(nan)(nan)縣地(di)(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)經(jing)119°07′—119°48′、北緯33°59′—34°27′。地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)北溫(wen)(wen)帶南(nan)(nan)緣(yuan),是暖溫(wen)(wen)帶向亞(ya)熱帶過渡地(di)(di)(di)區,屬暖濕(shi)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候;雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),年平(ping)均降水量(liang)(liang)922.3mm;年日照率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)52%;氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)適中,年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14℃;地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)均衡,境(jing)內表(biao)層和地(di)(di)(di)下1米(mi)深以內的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變化與氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)變化相一(yi)致,年地(di)(di)(di)面表(biao)層平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)15.7℃;濕(shi)度(du)(du)較大(da),年均相對濕(shi)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)75%,其中夏季(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)83%以上;全年主(zhu)導風(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)風(feng),冬季(ji)(ji)主(zhu)導風(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)北風(feng),大(da)氣(qi)(qi)質量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家一(yi)級標(biao)(biao)準。灌南(nan)(nan)氣(qi)(qi)候具有(you)(you)環境(jing)濕(shi)潤、地(di)(di)(di)面溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒定等特(te)點。而金(jin)針菇(gu)是大(da)型(xing)好氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)木腐菌,菌絲最適合生(sheng)(sheng)長的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)20~22℃,子實體分化最適溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)12~15℃,出菇(gu)最適溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)5~10℃,金(jin)針菇(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)長要求環境(jing)濕(shi)潤,灌南(nan)(nan)的氣(qi)(qi)候正好適應(ying)了(le)灌南(nan)(nan)金(jin)針菇(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的生(sheng)(sheng)物特(te)性(xing),有(you)(you)利于金(jin)針菇(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)長過程中營(ying)養(yang)的積累,使(shi)灌南(nan)(nan)金(jin)針菇(gu)的營(ying)養(yang)價值(zhi)較高,并形成了(le)柄細長、蓋小的外形特(te)征。
灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)屬潮土(tu)類,土(tu)壤(rang)結構以粘(zhan)性(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)占(zhan)多,水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)土(tu)層深厚,有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量高,養分豐(feng)(feng)富。這為(wei)(wei)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)(nan)金(jin)(jin)針(zhen)菇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培原(yuan)料提(ti)供(gong)了大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮素(su)養料。我縣(xian)境內有(you)(you)15條淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)主干(gan)河(he)(he),位于(yu)北方山岡(gang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和南(nan)(nan)方江湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匯(hui)合處,2大主要河(he)(he)流灌(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)和沂(yi)(yi)河(he)(he)橫貫灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)(nan)東西,北面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山岡(gang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表,發源于(yu)沂(yi)(yi)蒙山區,在我縣(xian)境內形(xing)成(cheng)了數(shu)十(shi)萬畝良田(tian)沃土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)河(he)(he)淌(tang)。我縣(xian)在沂(yi)(yi)河(he)(he)淌(tang)種植的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小麥具(ju)有(you)(you)品質(zhi)好、含蛋白質(zhi)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),為(wei)(wei)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)(nan)金(jin)(jin)針(zhen)菇提(ti)供(gong)了特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)(feng)富原(yuan)料。南(nan)(nan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)江湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型,來(lai)源于(yu)全國第四大淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖洪澤湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)蘇北地區最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入海潮汐(xi)河(he)(he)流,淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)、海水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)(feng)富,海、淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)交匯(hui)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)獨具(ju)特(te)色(se),與其(qi)它地方相比具(ju)有(you)(you)豐(feng)(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磷、鉀、鈣(gai)、鎂等(deng)礦質(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su),而(er)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)(nan)金(jin)(jin)針(zhen)菇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產用水(shui)(shui)(shui)正是(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)于(yu)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi),同時這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)也為(wei)(wei)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楊木(mu)和農作物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長提(ti)供(gong)了豐(feng)(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養物質(zhi)和礦物元(yuan)(yuan)素(su),而(er)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)(nan)金(jin)(jin)針(zhen)菇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培原(yuan)輔料也全部使用當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楊木(mu)屑、玉米芯、豆秸稈、麩(fu)皮等(deng)。
得天獨(du)厚的自然(ran)地(di)理(li)條件,造(zao)就了(le)灌(guan)(guan)南(nan)優越的生態(tai)環境資源,國家級生態(tai)示范區(qu)的創建(jian),更進一(yi)步優化了(le)生態(tai)環境。走(zou)遍灌(guan)(guan)南(nan)大(da)(da)地(di),林(lin)木(mu)蔥郁(yu),空氣清新(xin), “白天不(bu)見村莊,夜晚不(bu)見燈光”,堪稱一(yi)座天然(ran)的森林(lin)公園。我(wo)縣是全國楊樹的主要(yao)產地(di)之(zhi)一(yi),素有(you)“楊木(mu)之(zhi)鄉”稱號,木(mu)材蓄積量(liang)(liang)200多萬立(li)方米,擁有(you)大(da)(da)小板材加工企業350余家,這為(wei)灌(guan)(guan)南(nan)金(jin)(jin)針菇(gu)提供(gong)了(le)豐(feng)富的木(mu)屑(xie)原料(liao)。其(qi)他(ta)一(yi)些地(di)區(qu)栽(zai)培農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)采(cai)用(yong)棉(mian)籽殼做為(wei)栽(zai)培原料(liao),因棉(mian)籽殼是棉(mian)花的下腳料(liao),在(zai)棉(mian)花種(zhong)植過程中施加大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)藥,栽(zai)培出來的金(jin)(jin)針菇(gu)農(nong)(nong)藥殘留(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加,對人體有(you)一(yi)定有(you)危害;而灌(guan)(guan)南(nan)金(jin)(jin)針菇(gu)栽(zai)培農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)采(cai)用(yong)楊樹木(mu)屑(xie)為(wei)栽(zai)培原料(liao),栽(zai)培出來的金(jin)(jin)針菇(gu)幾乎(hu)不(bu)存在(zai)農(nong)(nong)藥殘留(liu)(liu)的問題(ti),對人體有(you)益(yi)無害。不(bu)但如此,用(yong)楊樹木(mu)屑(xie)栽(zai)培的金(jin)(jin)針菇(gu)比(bi)用(yong)棉(mian)籽殼在(zai)色澤(ze)、純度(du)、外觀、保持期等(deng)方面都有(you)明顯(xian)的提高,使灌(guan)(guan)南(nan)金(jin)(jin)針菇(gu)具(ju)有(you)特有(you)的純白特征(zheng)。
同時我縣還(huan)創(chuang)建了(le)國家級無公害水稻(dao)標(biao)準(zhun)化示范區、省(sheng)級無公害小麥標(biao)準(zhun)化示范區。這些示范區的(de)創(chuang)建,減少(shao)了(le)環境污(wu)染,減輕了(le)農(nong)作物的(de)農(nong)藥殘留量(liang),從(cong)而也(ye)降低(di)了(le)以(yi)麥麩、秸(jie)稈為培(pei)養料的(de)灌南(nan)金(jin)針菇重金(jin)屬含量(liang)和(he)農(nong)藥殘留量(liang)。據(ju)測定,灌南(nan)金(jin)針菇在重金(jin)屬含量(liang)、農(nong)藥殘留量(liang)等衛生指(zhi)標(biao)方(fang)面(mian)均(jun)明顯低(di)于國家相關標(biao)準(zhun)要求。
歷史文化
灌(guan)(guan)南金針(zhen)菇文化歷史(shi)悠久,源遠(yuan)流長。據史(shi)料記(ji)載,灌(guan)(guan)南是(shi)我國(guo)栽培(pei)(pei)食用菌較早的地(di)方之一,梁代(dai)著(zhu)名(ming)醫藥學家(jia)陶弘景所著(zhu)的《本草(cao)經(jing)集注》中(zhong)曾記(ji)載“茯苓今出郁洲(zhou)”,“郁洲(zhou)”就是(shi)連云(yun)港云(yun)臺山以南,也就是(shi)今天的灌(guan)(guan)南縣境內。宋人王聞(wen)之《澠水燕談(tan)錄》、清人王世(shi)貞《分甘(gan)余(yu)話(hua)》、清代(dai)《吳(wu)蕈(xun)譜》都記(ji)述了(le)灌(guan)(guan)南周邊一帶歷史(shi)上(shang)采食菌蕈(xun)度(du)荒年的情況。淮(huai)安(灌(guan)(guan)南過去歸屬淮(huai)安市)人林壬(ren)譯(yi)在1902年《農家(jia)報》上(shang)刊發譯(yi)自日(ri)本人本間小左(zuo)工門的《蕈(xun)種栽培(pei)(pei)法(fa)》也是(shi)我國(guo)最早的近代(dai)國(guo)外種菇技術的譯(yi)著(zhu)。
灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)城(cheng)鄉還廣泛(fan)流傳著“鐵篙撐船(chuan)王彥章(zhang)譴(qian)神鹿(lu)(lu)送(song)仙草救(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)”的(de)(de)傳說。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)河邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)天(tian)師王彥章(zhang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修煉得名(ming)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)河邊(bian)(bian)(bian)四季分明,水(shui)土相宜,樹木蔥蘢(long)。相傳道家(jia)王彥章(zhang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)河邊(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煉“長生(sheng)不老”之藥,為取血種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),養了(le)(le)幾頭梅(mei)花鹿(lu)(lu)(《本草綱(gang)目(mu)》記(ji)述,“道家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,糯米飯搗爛加雄(xiong)黃、鹿(lu)(lu)頭血”,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)入老樹腐爛處(chu)),一(yi)(yi)天(tian)梅(mei)花小(xiao)(xiao)鹿(lu)(lu)外出,遇上(shang)了(le)(le)打獵人(ren),小(xiao)(xiao)鹿(lu)(lu)拼命(ming)逃跑,逃至河邊(bian)(bian)(bian)一(yi)(yi)戶(hu)農(nong)(nong)家(jia),農(nong)(nong)家(jia)主婦巧妙(miao)地(di)把(ba)(ba)(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)鹿(lu)(lu)藏了(le)(le)起來,救(jiu)(jiu)了(le)(le)小(xiao)(xiao)鹿(lu)(lu)一(yi)(yi)命(ming),幾年(nian)以后(hou)(hou),農(nong)(nong)婦身上(shang)生(sheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個癰腫(zhong),疼痛難忍(ren),家(jia)住河邊(bian)(bian)(bian),無處(chu)找藥,農(nong)(nong)婦生(sheng)命(ming)危在(zai)(zai)(zai)旦(dan)夕,家(jia)人(ren)非常著急,正在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)時,小(xiao)(xiao)鹿(lu)(lu)口銜(xian)靈(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)家(jia),點頭三下,放(fang)下靈(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就走了(le)(le),家(jia)人(ren)把(ba)(ba)(ba)靈(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煎湯給農(nong)(nong)婦服用(yong),一(yi)(yi)連(lian)吃了(le)(le)三帖,農(nong)(nong)婦癰腫(zhong)便(bian)消失了(le)(le),疼痛消除(chu),就可下地(di)做事了(le)(le)。原來是在(zai)(zai)(zai)河邊(bian)(bian)(bian)修道種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)王彥章(zhang),得知農(nong)(nong)婦患病以后(hou)(hou),為了(le)(le)報答善良農(nong)(nong)婦救(jiu)(jiu)鹿(lu)(lu)之恩,把(ba)(ba)(ba)自(zi)己種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)靈(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),譴(qian)小(xiao)(xiao)鹿(lu)(lu)送(song)去,自(zi)此(ci)(ci)王天(tian)師差神鹿(lu)(lu)送(song)神草救(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)的(de)(de)蔣(jiang)登科木刻,名(ming)揚淮海(hai)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)歷(li)史上(shang)著名(ming)木刻藝術(shu)家(jia)蔣(jiang)登科學習歷(li)代藝術(shu)家(jia)常以靈(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)菌(jun)(jun)蕈(xun)為題材,運用(yong)靈(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)蓋的(de)(de)波狀環紋,兩側(ce)對應的(de)(de)如(ru)意(yi)狀形,制成了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)精致(zhi)的(de)(de)木刻精品,使灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)菌(jun)(jun)蕈(xun)文化與木刻藝術(shu)完美結合。今天(tian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)博物館和收藏家(jia)保存著大(da)量(liang)反映灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)菌(jun)(jun)蕈(xun)文化的(de)(de)木刻藝術(shu)珍品白蛇盜仙草、采珍獻母(mu)、吉祥如(ru)意(yi)圖、西王母(mu)蟠桃盛(sheng)會、楊家(jia)將系列木刻等(deng)藝術(shu)作(zuo)品,使灌(guan)(guan)(guan)南(nan)菌(jun)(jun)蕈(xun)文化向(xiang)海(hai)內外傳播,造成廣泛(fan)深(shen)遠的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。
品牌建設
為(wei)了適應新的形勢(shi),改(gai)變提升傳統產(chan)業(ye),把栽培食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)產(chan)業(ye)作為(wei)發展現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)的主要路徑,在較短時間內,香如、榮善(shan)、家特康等(deng)近50家企業(ye),組團進(jin)駐(zhu)灌(guan)南食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)產(chan)業(ye)園,以灌(guan)南金針菇(gu)、杏鮑菇(gu)等(deng)為(wei)主打產(chan)品,暢(chang)銷全(quan)國(guo)30多(duo)個大中(zhong)城市,灌(guan)南金針菇(gu)產(chan)業(ye)集(ji)聚(ju)規(gui)模達(da)到全(quan)國(guo)領(ling)先(xian)水平。隨著(zhu)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)產(chan)業(ye)的蓬勃興起,全(quan)縣催生了50多(duo)個專業(ye)合作經濟組織,形成了1000多(duo)個農(nong)民經紀(ji)人隊(dui)伍(wu),越來(lai)越多(duo)的人加入(ru)到發展食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)的隊(dui)伍(wu)中(zhong),食(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)產(chan)業(ye)成為(wei)灌(guan)南農(nong)民就業(ye)創業(ye)、發家致富的“軟黃(huang)金”。
為(wei)了(le)做強(qiang)金(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)菇文化(hua)(hua)品(pin)牌,我縣建成了(le)全(quan)國(guo)首家(jia)(jia)(jia)以“菇菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、人與社(she)會”為(wei)主題的(de)“蘇北菇菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文化(hua)(hua)展覽館”。同時規(gui)劃建設“中國(guo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)都花城生態旅游(you)區(qu)項目”,四星(xing)級鄉村旅游(you)點已通過省(sheng)級驗收,已申報3A級國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)旅游(you)景區(qu) 。全(quan)縣已經連續舉(ju)辦(ban)3屆“灌(guan)南(nan)(nan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)美食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)節”,灌(guan)南(nan)(nan)的(de)金(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)菇美食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及金(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)菇烹(peng)調(diao)技術人才迅(xun)速成為(wei)市場品(pin)牌。順利(li)承辦(ban)、協辦(ban)了(le)國(guo)際(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)烹(peng)飪大(da)賽、全(quan)國(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)論壇等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級會議。2010年榮獲(huo)(huo)(huo)了(le)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)餐飲文化(hua)(hua)推(tui)廣獎(jiang), 2011年獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)了(le)全(quan)國(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文化(hua)(hua)產業建設先進縣稱號。先后(hou)榮獲(huo)(huo)(huo)江蘇省(sheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)產業基(ji)地縣、江蘇省(sheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)示(shi)范基(ji)地、全(quan)國(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)行業優秀基(ji)地縣、全(quan)國(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)行業科技成果(技術)推(tui)廣獎(jiang)等(deng)稱號和獎(jiang)項。所(suo)有這些都增添了(le)灌(guan)南(nan)(nan)金(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)菇文化(hua)(hua)的(de)豐(feng)采,豐(feng)富了(le)灌(guan)南(nan)(nan)金(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)菇文化(hua)(hua)的(de)內涵。
目前已擁有(you)可為、東宏、榮善、針(zhen)金(jin)百(bai)贏、三姑(gu)、友和(he)情、大(da)(da)慶、五棵樹等二十多個灌南(nan)金(jin)針(zhen)菇品(pin)牌(pai),在(zai)全(quan)國很多大(da)(da)型農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)批(pi)發市場具有(you)良好的 知(zhi)名度(du)和(he)美譽(yu)度(du),產品(pin)暢銷山東、河(he)南(nan)、河(he)北(bei)、安徽等省(sheng)份以及上海、北(bei)京、南(nan)京、蘇(su)錫常等大(da)(da)中城市。有(you) 3家企業(ye)的金(jin)針(zhen)菇產品(pin)獲(huo)無公害農(nong)(nong)產品(pin),另有(you)8家企業(ye)的金(jin)針(zhen)菇產品(pin)獲(huo)綠色(se)食品(pin)稱號,2012年被列(lie)為江蘇(su)省(sheng)第13批(pi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準化示范區項(xiang)目。