《鳳還(huan)巢》為梅蘭(lan)芳根據清(qing)宮(gong)藏本(ben)《循環序》改編的(de)京劇,原名(ming)(ming)《陰陽樹》,又名(ming)(ming)《丑配》,于(yu)1929年在北京首演。此劇情(qing)節(jie)巧妙,行(xing)當(dang)齊全,與清(qing)代傳奇劇本(ben)《風箏誤(wu)》有(you)異(yi)曲同工之妙。雪(xue)娥(e)的(de)幾大段唱腔(qiang)華麗(li)別致、明快跌(die)宕(dang)、如訴如歌,是梅派(pai)唱腔(qiang)中廣為流傳的(de)著名(ming)(ming)唱段。
明(ming)(ming)朝末年(nian),侍郎程(cheng)(cheng)浦告老還鄉(xiang)。程(cheng)(cheng)浦生有二女(nv):大(da)女(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)為(wei)夫人(ren)所生,貌奇丑且行(xing)為(wei)舉止粗魯(lu);次(ci)女(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥為(wei)側室所生,美貌聰明(ming)(ming),程(cheng)(cheng)愛之(zhi)如掌上明(ming)(ming)珠。程(cheng)(cheng)浦與宗皇(huang)朱渙(huan)然(ran)游春,遇(yu)故友之(zhi)子(zi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)易(yi)。程(cheng)(cheng)喜(xi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)易(yi)翩翩少年(nian),認為(wei)其前程(cheng)(cheng)看好,欲(yu)與雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥擇婿,夫人(ren)卻(que)欲(yu)將雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)許穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)壽辰(chen),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來拜,留宿于書(shu)館(guan)。入夜(ye),夫人(ren)命己女(nv)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)冒(mao)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥之(zhi)名去(qu)(qu)書(shu)館(guan)會穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見其貌丑無(wu)比,誤以(yi)為(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)騙婚(hun)(hun)(hun),連夜(ye)逃去(qu)(qu),途中遇(yu)到朱渙(huan)然(ran),朱贈穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)銀(yin)馬助其逃跑。程(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生去(qu)(qu)向(xiang)不(bu)明(ming)(ming),適逢朝廷(ting)起用,只好奉旨離家出征(zheng)。而垂涎雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥已久的皇(huang)族(zu)朱煥(huan)然(ran),得(de)知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)逃程(cheng)(cheng)去(qu)(qu),乘機冒(mao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)名來程(cheng)(cheng)家迎娶雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥。夫人(ren)信以(yi)為(wei)真,即(ji)以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)代嫁(jia)。洞(dong)房中,兩(liang)人(ren)發現全是冒(mao)名頂替(ti),雖后悔莫及,卻(que)有苦難(nan)言,只能將錯就錯。這時,地(di)方(fang)強(qiang)盜作(zuo)亂,夫人(ren)去(qu)(qu)朱家避難(nan),雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥因朱行(xing)為(wei)不(bu)端(duan)不(bu)肯隨夫人(ren)前往。不(bu)久,程(cheng)(cheng)浦平定賊寇,接雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥至軍(jun)中。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也從(cong)軍(jun)在此。程(cheng)(cheng)又重提婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)堅決拒婚(hun)(hun)(hun):元帥洪功及周監軍(jun)強(qiang)給主婚(hun)(hun)(hun),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)得(de)已說明(ming)(ming)程(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)夤夜(ye)私入書(shu)館(guan)等(deng)情。程(cheng)(cheng)知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)誤會,堅持(chi)完婚(hun)(hun)(hun)。洞(dong)房中,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥貌美,確(que)非私入書(shu)房之(zhi)人(ren),不(bu)由大(da)喜(xi)。雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥卻(que)因穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)拒婚(hun)(hun)(hun),委屈非常,在穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一再謝(xie)罪之(zhi)下,才轉悲為(wei)喜(xi),終(zhong)諧(xie)伉儷。朱渙(huan)然(ran)被劫,攜程(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)來投(tou),最終(zhong)一家團聚。
2022年8月,京劇(ju)《鳳還(huan)巢》參加2022年戲(xi)(xi)曲百戲(xi)(xi)(昆(kun)山)盛典全國戲(xi)(xi)曲領軍人才優秀劇(ju)目展(zhan)演。
2019年10月2日,由文化和旅游部、北京市人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)主辦的(de)2019中(zhong)國戲曲(qu)文化周(zhou)2日在北京園博園開幕。梅派《鳳(feng)還巢》得到演出。
2021年(nian)12月14、15日,上海京劇院(yuan)的(de)《鳳還巢(chao)》將在湖南大劇院(yuan)演出。