芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

栝(gua)(gua)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是山(shan)東著(zhu)名的(de)道地(di)中藥材。胡(hu)世林主(zhu)編的(de)《中國(guo)道地(di)藥材》載：“用果者(zhe)山(shan)東長清為道地(di)之一”。據(ju)長清舊(jiu)縣志(zhi)記載，早在清代以(yi)前，馬(ma)山(shan)莊(zhuang)科、焦莊(zhuang)一帶就開始種植栝(gua)(gua)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，距今已有(you)300余年(nian)的(de)歷史。馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)優(you)良，以(yi)其個大、皮厚柔韌、皺縮有(you)筋(jin)、色橙紅、糖性足、焦糖氣濃而享譽國(guo)內外(wai)。馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)產量(liang)(liang)大，據(ju)記載，山(shan)東栝(gua)(gua)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)最高年(nian)產量(liang)(liang)80萬(wan)公斤(jin)，長清產量(liang)(liang)46萬(wan)公斤(jin)，而馬(ma)山(shan)的(de)產量(liang)(liang)占長清區總產量(liang)(liang)的(de)2/3以(yi)上。2009年(nian)馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)被農業部認定(ding)為國(guo)家地(di)理標志(zhi)農產品。

二.自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因(yin)素

1、土壤(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang)：土壤(rang)(rang)類型為沙壤(rang)(rang)土，pH值6.8-7.4，屬黃河下游地區，魯中山區丘陵(ling)地。

2、水(shui)文情況：境(jing)內水(shui)資源(yuan)豐富。降水(shui)為地表水(shui)的(de)(de)主要來源(yuan)，年降水(shui)量比較(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)沛集中(zhong)。賓谷河(he)流(liu)經馬山鎮南(nan)北(bei)，鎮北(bei)端有(you)國家中(zhong)型水(shui)庫一座，容量1300萬立方。河(he)川徑(jing)流(liu)量季節(jie)變化大(da)，過境(jing)水(shui)的(de)(de)利用量較(jiao)(jiao)小。地下水(shui)資源(yuan)比較(jiao)(jiao)豐富，水(shui)質優良。

3、氣候(hou)(hou)情況：屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶季風區半濕潤氣候(hou)(hou)。主要特征為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)季風顯著，四季分(fen)明，具有淮河(he)下游氣候(hou)(hou)特征。春季多(duo)風，干旱少(shao)雨，冬季干冷。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)變化范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12.8-14.3℃，各(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)下2℃；以(yi)(yi)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)26.9℃。累計(ji)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2598.5小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2897.9小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2254.2小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)份日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)281.1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)；2月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)173.7小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)份日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)百分(fen)率最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)66%，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)51%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量628.2毫(hao)米，春季（3-5月(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量86.2毫(hao)米，占(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的1.4%；夏季（6-8月(yue)(yue)(yue)）年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量399.3毫(hao)米，占(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的64%；秋季（9-10月(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)122.3毫(hao)米，占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的19%；冬季（12-2月(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20.4毫(hao)米，占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的3%。各(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量分(fen)布(bu)不均(jun)，以(yi)(yi)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)，1月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)。平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)初(chu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)7日(ri)(ri)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)終日(ri)(ri)在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)，初(chu)、終雪(xue)間日(ri)(ri)數平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)101天。最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)積雪(xue)厚度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21厘米。全年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對溫(wen)(wen)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)62%，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)值(zhi)出現(xian)在(zai)7-8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)76-79%；最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)在(zai)3-4月(yue)(yue)(yue)份，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)52-53%。全年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)215天，結冰初(chu)日(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)在(zai)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)終日(ri)(ri)在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)31日(ri)(ri)。

4、人文歷(li)(li)史(shi)情(qing)況：栝(gua)(gua)樓是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東著名的道地(di)(di)(di)中藥材(cai)(cai)，具有(you)清(qing)熱滌(di)痰(tan)、寬胸散結(jie)、潤燥滑(hua)腸的功能。臨(lin)床用(yong)于治療肺(fei)熱咳(ke)嗽、胸痹心痛等(deng)(deng)癥，效果(guo)極好。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東栝(gua)(gua)樓，尤其是仁栝(gua)(gua)樓年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和出口(kou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)位(wei)(wei)于全國(guo)之(zhi)首。胡世(shi)林(lin)主編的《中國(guo)道地(di)(di)(di)藥材(cai)(cai)》載(zai)(zai)：“用(yong)果(guo)者山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東長清(qing)為道地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”。《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東道地(di)(di)(di)藥材(cai)(cai)》載(zai)(zai)：“以(yi)長清(qing)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最大，質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最好。”據長清(qing)舊縣(xian)志(zhi)記載(zai)(zai)，早在清(qing)代以(yi)前(qian)，馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊科、焦(jiao)莊一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶就開(kai)始種(zhong)植，距(ju)今已有(you)300余(yu)年(nian)的歷(li)(li)史(shi)。馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)優良，以(yi)其個(ge)大、皮厚柔(rou)韌、皺縮(suo)有(you)筋(jin)、色橙紅、糖(tang)性足、焦(jiao)糖(tang)氣濃而享(xiang)譽國(guo)內外。馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)仁栝(gua)(gua)樓產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大，據記載(zai)(zai)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東栝(gua)(gua)樓最高(gao)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)80萬公斤(jin)，長清(qing)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)46萬公斤(jin)，而馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占長清(qing)縣(xian)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的2/3以(yi)上(shang)。馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓所在地(di)(di)(di)—馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)境內有(you)市級森(sen)林(lin)公園一(yi)(yi)(yi)處，地(di)(di)(di)理(li)位(wei)(wei)置優越，基(ji)礎條(tiao)件較好，氣候宜人，有(you)諸多自然人文景觀，及歷(li)(li)史(shi)傳說故事。園內層巒疊嶂，古柏(bo)參(can)天，森(sen)林(lin)茂(mao)密，景色怡人。主峰(feng)馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海拔(ba)512.3米，原名隔(ge)馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，遠眺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)形(xing)似馬(ma)(ma)，懸崖百(bai)丈，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡峭(qiao)險(xian)峻(jun)，有(you)“十洞”、“五泉”、“一(yi)(yi)(yi)餅”、“五字”等(deng)(deng)名勝，是與泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、五峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)并稱“三(san)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”的長清(qing)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰有(you)用(yong)百(bai)萬株側柏(bo)栽成的大型植物標語(yu)“毛主席萬歲(sui)”，2001年(nian)8月世(shi)界(jie)基(ji)尼斯大全上(shang)海總部正式(shi)命名為“植物標語(yu)‘中國(guo)之(zhi)最’”。

三.地域范圍

馬山栝樓在山東省濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)市長(chang)清區馬山鎮境(jing)內，位于(yu)省城濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)40公(gong)里(li)(li)處，南(nan)(nan)與肥城市接壤(rang)，北(bei)距(ju)(ju)長(chang)清城區20公(gong)里(li)(li)，距(ju)(ju)濟(ji)荷高(gao)速(su)12公(gong)里(li)(li)；東臨京滬、京福(fu)高(gao)速(su)、京滬鐵(tie)路，省道104穿越該鎮南(nan)(nan)北(bei)，西(xi)傍黃河。全鎮轄53個(ge)行政村(cun)，人口3.36萬(wan)，地域面(mian)積8900公(gong)頃(qing)，其中栝蔞種植面(mian)積80公(gong)頃(qing)。地理位置：地處東經116°9′-116°11′，北(bei)緯36°01′-36°45′。平均海拔99.1米，低于(yu)劃定保護面(mian)積80公(gong)頃(qing)。

四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外在感官特征(zheng)：馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)樓(lou)為多年(nian)生草(cao)本植物(wu)，莖上有卷須，葉子心臟形(xing)(xing)，花(hua)白色，雌(ci)雄(xiong)異(yi)株，果實(shi)卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，收(shou)獲時為深綠(lv)色，晾(liang)干后皮(pi)為黃色，鮮果重300-400克(ke)，少數500克(ke)左右；晾(liang)干后果重150克(ke)左右，種子長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，瓤棕(zong)黃色，干果味甘(gan)，稍(shao)苦(ku)、澀。栝(gua)樓(lou)根（中(zhong)(zhong)藥名天花(hua)粉），果（中(zhong)(zhong)藥名栝(gua)樓(lou)實(shi)），果皮(pi)（中(zhong)(zhong)藥名栝(gua)樓(lou)皮(pi)）、種子（中(zhong)(zhong)藥名栝(gua)樓(lou)仁），都供藥用，有解(jie)熱止渴(ke)、利(li)尿(niao)、鎮咳被祛(qu)痰等作用。栝(gua)樓(lou)制劑對(dui)冠心病、心膠痛有一定(ding)療效。

2、內在(zai)品質指標(biao)：栝樓果(guo)實含三萜皂苷、有機酸、脂(zhi)肪油(you)、樹(shu)脂(zhi)、糖類、色素；種子含脂(zhi)肪油(you)；根含蛋白質、皂苷、酸類等。