乳山花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植歷史達200年(nian)之(zhi)久(jiu)。據史料記載(zai),清嘉慶十年(nian)(1805年(nian))夏,福(fu)建商人莊慕陶攜長生(sheng)(sheng)果(花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng))一(yi)袋,以祝壽之(zhi)禮(li),獻給歸故里省(sheng)親(qin)的(de)知府李宜(yi)升(海陽(yang)鳳(feng)城人),李宜(yi)升嘗(chang)之(zhi)味佳(jia),遂吩咐(fu)家人種(zhong)之(zhi)。是年(nian)秋,李宜(yi)升將所收(shou)獲的(de)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)果分(fen)與鄉(xiang)親(qin)們栽種(zhong)。清嘉慶十三年(nian)(1808年(nian)),花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)傳至(zhi)海陽(yang)東鄉(xiang)各村(cun)(今乳山境內西(xi)南部);至(zhi)道光年(nian)間,傳及膠東各縣(xian)。1862年(nian),美國傳教(jiao)士把大(da)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)帶到(dao)膠東,由教(jiao)徒試種(zhong)成功,不久(jiu)即傳播到(dao)乳山一(yi)帶。據1941年(nian)建縣(xian)時調查,全縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植面積達18萬畝(mu),已(yi)經(jing)成為當地主要的(de)經(jing)濟作(zuo)(zuo)物和油料作(zuo)(zuo)物。
《中(zhong)國(guo)植物(wu)志》記載(zai):“花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宜氣(qi)候溫暖,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季節較長(chang)(chang),雨(yu)量(liang)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)沙質土地(di)(di)區(qu);在我國(guo),山東生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)最佳。”山東大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)主要(yao)產(chan)地(di)(di)是(shi)膠(jiao)東地(di)(di)區(qu),而乳(ru)山則是(shi)膠(jiao)東重要(yao)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)地(di)(di)。乳(ru)山地(di)(di)處膠(jiao)東丘陵,空氣(qi)濕潤,氣(qi)候溫和(he),雨(yu)量(liang)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong),土質疏松(song),非常(chang)適(shi)(shi)宜大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。良好的(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)條件,使乳(ru)山大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)具(ju)備了果型(xing)較大(da)、籽粒(li)飽滿、皮(pi)白仁紅、香脆可口等優良特點。乳(ru)山大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)達170~180天,所(suo)以(yi)氨基酸合(he)成比較全面,蛋白質和(he)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素含量(liang)較高,營養豐富,符合(he)國(guo)際(ji)貿易要(yao)求(qiu)標準。清(qing)咸(xian)豐年(nian)間,乳(ru)山已成為膠(jiao)東地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)主要(yao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)。隨(sui)著青島(dao)、煙臺的(de)(de)開埠,花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)逐漸成為當地(di)(di)出(chu)口的(de)(de)大(da)宗商(shang)(shang)品。因長(chang)(chang)期(qi)多由青島(dao)裝船出(chu)口,故外國(guo)客商(shang)(shang)稱之為青島(dao)大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
建(jian)國(guo)后,乳(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)不斷得(de)到發(fa)展。70年代中期,乳(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)縣,并擔負著北京(jing)、天津、上海(hai)三大(da)(da)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)部分食(shi)(shi)(shi)用油(you)供給(gei)。80年代后,隨著花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新、推(tui)廣(guang),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)大(da)(da)幅提高。2007年,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達30萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(其0口花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)22萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)),總產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)7.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),主要品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)17、花(hua)(hua)(hua)39、8130、花(hua)(hua)(hua)育22號等(deng)。充足的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原料有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)力支(zhi)撐了花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)口加工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)壯大(da)(da)發(fa)展,華隆(long)(乳(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan))食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)工業(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)、金(jin)果(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)和(he)正昌(chang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)等(deng)一批龍(long)頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應(ying)運而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)現有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)11家,年加工能(neng)力5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),年出(chu)口量(liang)近2萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),遠(yuan)銷(xiao)日(ri)本、韓國(guo)、歐美等(deng)國(guo)家和(he)地(di)區,其中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁出(chu)口量(liang)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)縣級(ji)排(pai)(pai)名(ming)(ming)第五,花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)口量(liang)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)縣級(ji)排(pai)(pai)名(ming)(ming)第二(er)、膠東(dong)地(di)區排(pai)(pai)名(ming)(ming)第一。在龍(long)頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)帶動下(xia),全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)及有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)迅速擴大(da)(da)。華隆(long)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)和(he)金(jin)果(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)已獲(huo)得(de)綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標志,都擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di),華隆(long)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)2處,正昌(chang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)3處,這(zhe)些基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立,也為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)口奠定了良好基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。華隆(long)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)、金(jin)果(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)分別生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)“東(dong)寶”牌(pai)油(you)炸花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁、“海(hai)洋”牌(pai)烤花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)都被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)享譽海(hai)內外的(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)。
地域范圍
乳山(shan)地(di)處山(shan)東(dong)半(ban)島東(dong)南端,東(dong)經121°11′~121°51′,北緯36°41′~37°08′,東(dong)鄰(lin)文登市,西毗海陽(yang)市,北接煙臺(tai)市牟平區,南瀕黃海,總(zong)面積(ji)1668平方公里,耕地(di)總(zong)資源85.6萬(wan)畝,轄15個(ge)(ge)鎮(辦事處),601個(ge)(ge)行政村(cun),花生種(zhong)植面積(ji)30萬(wan)畝,地(di)域保護(hu)種(zhong)植面積(ji)20000公頃,年總(zong)產量9萬(wan)噸。
產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)觀特征:良好的生(sheng)態環境(jing)和生(sheng)長條件,使乳山大(da)花(hua)生(sheng)具有出米率高,莢果大(da),籽仁橢圓飽滿,種(zhong)皮粉紅,色(se)澤鮮艷,生(sheng)食香中(zhong)帶甜(tian),口感(gan)尤(you)佳(jia)的特點。
2、內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:乳山(shan)大花生含有13種(zhong)維生素(su)和(he)26種(zhong)礦物元素(su),不含膽固醇和(he)反(fan)式脂肪(fang)酸。主要內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)≥23.0%、脂肪(fang)42.0~45.0%、棕(zong)櫚酸8~10%、硬(ying)脂酸3~5%、油酸50~55%、亞油酸≥26.0%。
3、質(zhi)量安全規定:乳山大花生(sheng)執行綠色食品花生(sheng)(果(guo)、仁)NY/T420-2000的要求(qiu)。