產品品質特性
1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特征:榮成大花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)栽培(pei)品種(zhong)(zhong)為花(hua)(hua)17、魯花(hua)(hua)10等傳統大花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)品種(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)過(guo)榮成農(nong)民幾十年(nian)的精心選育和(he)榮成特殊(shu)的土壤、氣(qi)候條件(jian),形成了果(guo)實潔白較大,縮縊明顯,網(wang)紋清晰,殼薄籽(zi)粒飽(bao)滿(man)且多為雙(shuang)仁果(guo);耔仁呈(cheng)長橢(tuo)圓型,大而飽(bao)滿(man),種(zhong)(zhong)皮呈(cheng)粉紅(hong)色,表(biao)皮光滑,非常適(shi)合原料(liao)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)仁出口(kou)和(he)加(jia)工烤花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)、烤花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)仁等出口(kou)產品。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)最廣泛(fan)的用途是(shi)用于(yu)榨油,用于(yu)食(shi)用時由(you)(you)于(yu)含油量(liang)較(jiao)高,吃起來有一(yi)點苦澀感(gan)。而榮(rong)成特有的自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境和種植技術,使該地區生(sheng)(sheng)產的花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)恰(qia)好彌補了花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)為食(shi)品(pin)時這方面的不足。榮(rong)成大花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)口感(gan)較(jiao)一(yi)般花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)香且香中(zhong)帶甜,所以深受日本消費(fei)者歡迎;由(you)(you)于(yu)油酸、亞油酸比值高,使榮(rong)成大花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)為食(shi)品(pin)具有抗氧化、不變味、保(bao)存時間(jian)長的優(you)良食(shi)用品(pin)質(zhi)。
3、質量安(an)全規定(ding):榮(rong)成大(da)花生產地(di)環境(jing)按照NY/T391-2000綠(lv)色食品(pin)產地(di)環境(jing)技術(shu)條(tiao)件執行,衛生指標按照綠(lv)色食品(pin)花生及制品(pin)NY/T420-2009標準執行。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
1、產地(di)(di)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):選(xuan)擇土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)力(li)中等以上通透(tou)性(xing)良好地(di)(di)塊(kuai),產地(di)(di)環境(jing)(jing)符合NY/T391-2000綠色食品產地(di)(di)環境(jing)(jing)質量標(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。土(tu)層(ceng)深厚、地(di)(di)勢平坦,排灌方便。土(tu)壤(rang)容(rong)重1.2每(mei)克(ke)立方厘(li)米-1.3每(mei)克(ke)立方厘(li)米,總孔隙度50%以上。通透(tou)性(xing)較(jiao)差的土(tu)壤(rang),可(ke)通過(guo)秸稈還(huan)田和(he)增施(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)等措施(shi)加以改(gai)良。
2、品種(zhong)選擇:根據日(ri)本市場(chang)需(xu)要,根據生產和(he)種(zhong)源條件,選用(yong)優質、高產、抗逆性強(qiang)的適宜出(chu)口的中晚熟傳(chuan)統大花(hua)(hua)生品種(zhong),目前主要有(you)花(hua)(hua)17、魯花(hua)(hua)10等。
3、生產控制:
①整地(di):A耕(geng)地(di)。冬前或早春機耕(geng)25厘(li)(li)米(mi)以上,耕(geng)勻,及時耙耢。B起(qi)壟。四月中旬(xun)至(zhi)下(xia)旬(xun),實(shi)行(xing)機械起(qi)壟,壟距85-90厘(li)(li)米(mi),壟高(gao)10—12厘(li)(li)米(mi),壟面(mian)寬55-60厘(li)(li)米(mi),壟溝寬30厘(li)(li)米(mi)。
②施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):A基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)。冬前(qian)或(huo)早春隨(sui)機耕時每畝施(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)3000公(gong)斤(jin),花生(sheng)專用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)40公(gong)斤(jin)。B種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)。花生(sheng)播(bo)種(zhong)時隨(sui)花生(sheng)播(bo)種(zhong)機每畝跟(gen)施(shi)花生(sheng)專用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)10公(gong)斤(jin),要(yao)注(zhu)意肥(fei)(fei)種(zhong)隔離。
③播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):A播(bo)(bo)期。四月(yue)下(xia)旬至五月(yue)上旬,有(you)墑搶墑,無(wu)墑造墑。B密度。為(wei)每壟2行,壟上行距(ju)35-40厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),墩距(ju)15-16厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),每畝(mu)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)9000-10000墩,每墩2粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。C播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式。實行機械(xie)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。起(qi)壟、跟施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥、播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、除(chu)(chu)草(cao)、覆(fu)膜(mo)一(yi)條龍機械(xie)作業。D除(chu)(chu)草(cao)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時每畝(mu)用(yong)72%都(dou)爾乳油150-200毫升或96%金都(dou)爾乳油100毫升,加(jia)80克撲草(cao)凈,先(xian)加(jia)少量水(shui)混勻(yun)后,兌水(shui)40-100公(gong)斤(根據土壤墑情而定(ding)),隨播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機均勻(yun)噴施。E覆(fu)膜(mo)。選用(yong)厚度0.004毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬900毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)聚乙(yi)稀地膜(mo),隨播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機覆(fu)蓋,要(yao)拉緊蓋嚴。
④田間管(guan)理:A開孔(kong)引苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。花(hua)生(sheng)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)頂膜時(shi),及(ji)時(shi)將地膜開孔(kong)引花(hua)生(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)出(chu)膜。引苗(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)間在上午(wu)八點前。B查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。花(hua)生(sheng)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后及(ji)時(shi)檢查出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)情況,如(ru)有缺苗(miao)(miao)(miao)現象用催好芽的種(zhong)(zhong)子坐水(shui)補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)。C病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治。嚴禁使(shi)用高毒、高殘(can)留或具有致癌、致殘(can)、致突變作用的農(nong)藥(yao);每種(zhong)(zhong)有機合(he)成農(nong)藥(yao)在一種(zhong)(zhong)作物的生(sheng)長(chang)期內只允許使(shi)用一次。根據日本“肯定列(lie)(lie)表(biao)制度”要求,下列(lie)(lie)農(nong)藥(yao)禁止使(shi)用:丁(ding)酰肼(jing)、2,4,5-T、乙草胺、殺(sha)草強、敵菌丹、環(huan)己(ji)錫(xi)、三唑錫(xi)、苯胺靈。D澆水(shui)。當花(hua)生(sheng)葉片連續三天中午(wu)出(chu)現萎蔫,要進行(xing)澆水(shui),澆水(shui)方法宜噴灌(guan),每畝澆水(shui)量30立方。
⑤適時(shi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲:A收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲時(shi)間(jian)。九月下(xia)旬(xun),花(hua)生(sheng)成熟期收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲。B收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲方(fang)法(fa)。先將田間(jian)的殘(can)膜撿起(qi),然(ran)后镢刨、提蔓、抖土、摘(zhai)果,做到(dao)無(wu)(wu)殘(can)果、無(wu)(wu)碎果。C曬儲。花(hua)生(sheng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲后及時(shi)晾曬,當(dang)水份降到(dao)13%以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)揚凈入庫儲藏(zang),以(yi)備銷(xiao)售(shou)、加工或做種(zhong)。貯(zhu)藏(zang)、運(yun)輸方(fang)法(fa)必須符(fu)合綠色(se)食品(pin)貯(zhu)藏(zang)運(yun)輸準則和出口要求。
⑥生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄要(yao)求(qiu):榮(rong)成大花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產要(yao)建立完(wan)整的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄,實(shi)現花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質量安全可(ke)追溯管(guan)理(li)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄應當如實(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)下列事項(xiang):農產品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基本情況記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄,包括農產品名稱、種植(zhi)面積、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產地點等;病(bing)蟲害的發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)防治(zhi)情況記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄,包括病(bing)蟲害的名稱、發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)期(qi)及防治(zhi)方(fang)法等;農產品收(shou)獲(huo)情況記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄,包括收(shou)獲(huo)日(ri)期(qi)、產量、包裝(zhuang)和(he)標識、銷售去(qu)向等。檔(dang)案記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄要(yao)求(qiu)準確(que)、清晰、完(wan)整、齊全。檔(dang)案記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)妥(tuo)善(shan)保存2年,以(yi)備查(cha)閱。