沂(yi)水蘋(pin)果(guo)有(you)著悠(you)久的栽培歷史,2010年11月(yue)沂(yi)水縣崔(cui)家峪鎮林果(guo)技(ji)術人員下村(cun)(cun)進行夏季(ji)果(guo)園管理指(zhi)導時(shi),在五(wu)口村(cun)(cun)發(fa)現4000多棵中(zhong)國古(gu)老蘋(pin)果(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。后經果(guo)農(nong)專(zhuan)家考察,發(fa)現有(you)斑紫、林檎、海棠、大小(xiao)花紅和蘋(pin)婆等12個中(zhong)國古(gu)老蘋(pin)果(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。據五(wu)口村(cun)(cun)果(guo)農(nong)介紹,這些品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雖(sui)有(you)上(shang)百年了樹齡,但(dan)依然能(neng)產果(guo),而且大部分是(shi)中(zhong)早熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。.? 目前沂(yi)水縣栽培的蘋(pin)果(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要有(you)紅嘎啦,黃(huang)金帥,喬納金,紅星,美國八號,紅富士(shi)等。 山(shan)東(dong)沂(yi)水縣四十里鎮是(shi)遠(yuan)近聞名的蘋(pin)果(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地,盛產嘎啦,紅富士(shi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)年的8月(yue)份到9月(yue)份正(zheng)式(shi)上(shang)市, 產品(pin)遠(yuan)銷全國各地,是(shi)各大超市、鮮果(guo)批發(fa)市場的首選供應。
2007年(nian)(nian)以來(lai),沂水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)0把(ba)果(guo)(guo)品業(ye)規(gui)模化發(fa)展(zhan)確定為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)績效(xiao)考核重點工(gong)作之(zhi)一,把(ba)推(tui)廣(guang)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)“垂柳(liu)式”整形(xing)(xing)修剪技(ji)術(shu)作為提(ti)高果(guo)(guo)品產(chan)(chan)量(liang)、增加(jia)農(nong)民效(xiao)益的(de)(de)重要(yao)工(gong)作來(lai)抓,計劃從2008年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始,用(yong)三年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間(jian)推(tui)廣(guang)5000畝(mu)(mu)。通(tong)過(guo)外出參(can)觀、邀(yao)請(qing)專家講課等形(xing)(xing)式,積極(ji)宣(xuan)傳該(gai)項新技(ji)術(shu),先后(hou)8次邀(yao)請(qing)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)“垂柳(liu)式”整形(xing)(xing)修剪技(ji)術(shu)發(fa)明者—沂源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)王春(chun)禎來(lai)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)舉(ju)辦(ban)培(pei)訓班,把(ba)課堂搬到田間(jian)地頭(tou),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共舉(ju)辦(ban)專題培(pei)訓班25期,參(can)加(jia)培(pei)訓人員2000余人。同時(shi),各(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)結(jie)合(he)自身特(te)點,積極(ji)搞好該(gai)項新技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)推(tui)廣(guang)工(gong)作。到目前為止,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)已發(fa)展(zhan)180個示范戶、建立了(le)(le)2000畝(mu)(mu)示范園,整形(xing)(xing)修剪工(gong)作已全面展(zhan)開(kai)。 “垂柳(liu)式” 整形(xing)(xing)主(zhu)要(yao)是對(dui)原來(lai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)干(gan)疏層形(xing)(xing)或(huo)紡錘形(xing)(xing)等樹形(xing)(xing)進行(xing)改(gai)造,逐年(nian)(nian)逐漸(jian)疏除過(guo)渡枝(zhi),加(jia)大樹體層間(jian)距,逐年(nian)(nian)去除側枝(zhi),促發(fa)、保留利用(yong)長枝(zhi),通(tong)過(guo)緩(huan)(huan)放(fang)后(hou),進行(xing)拿枝(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)、別枝(zhi)等方(fang)法(fa),最(zui)后(hou)整成(cheng)“垂柳(liu)式”形(xing)(xing)狀。該(gai)整形(xing)(xing)方(fang)法(fa),充(chong)分利用(yong)了(le)(le)紅(hong)富士蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)長枝(zhi)緩(huan)(huan)放(fang)后(hou)易成(cheng)花,果(guo)(guo)臺副梢(shao)連續結(jie)果(guo)(guo)能(neng)力強的(de)(de)特(te)點,減少枝(zhi)條浪(lang)費,增加(jia)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)部位,達(da)到提(ti)高產(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de);同時(shi),利用(yong)了(le)(le)地球(qiu)引力作用(yong),使(shi)果(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)高樁端正;通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)變枝(zhi)條生產(chan)(chan)方(fang)向改(gai)善了(le)(le)通(tong)風透光條件,大大提(ti)高了(le)(le)全紅(hong)果(guo)(guo)比例(li)。.
地域范圍
沂(yi)水(shui)蘋果產于(yu)山(shan)東省臨沂(yi)市轄(xia)區的沂(yi)水(shui)縣高(gao)莊鎮、夏蔚鎮、沂(yi)水(shui)鎮、院東頭鄉(xiang)、崔家峪(yu)鎮、泉(quan)莊鄉(xiang)、諸葛鎮、沙溝鎮、馬(ma)站(zhan)鎮,總面積(ji)約(yue)13533公頃。沂(yi)水(shui)縣位于(yu)山(shan)東省東南(nan)(nan)部沂(yi)山(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓(lu),臨沂(yi)地區北部。地理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東經118°13′00″~119°03′00″,北緯35°36′00″~36°13′00″。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)點為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣境北部的沂(yi)山(shan)南(nan)(nan)側的泰(tai)薄頂山(shan),海拔916.1米(mi)。最(zui)(zui)低(di)點為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣境東北部的朱雙村東,海拔101.1米(mi)。全年一月(yue)份(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候最(zui)(zui)低(di),平(ping)均-3℃,七月(yue)份(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)最(zui)(zui)高(gao),平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)25.5℃。極端最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)39.2℃,極端最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-24.9℃,年均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)12.3℃,年均降水(shui)量782.1毫米(mi),無霜期205.2天,年有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5183.7℃。8-9月(yue)份(fen)晝夜平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9.8℃,最(zui)(zui)大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)14.2℃,最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.5℃,10月(yue)份(fen)平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10.5℃,最(zui)(zui)大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15.6℃,最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4℃,海拔高(gao)度在101.1-916.1米(mi)之(zhi)間。
產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特(te)征:產品具有各類無公害蘋果的自然特(te)征,品質正(zheng)常、無劣變,產品果個均勻,平均單果重198克(ke),最大果重460克(ke),色澤(ze)鮮艷,果肉致密(mi),含糖量高,汁多味好,香味濃郁,耐貯運。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:可(ke)溶性固形物≥11%;硬度(N/平方(fang)厘米)≥5.5;總酸(suan)量≤0.4%;總糖含量≤13%。
3、安全要求:沂(yi)水蘋果執(zhi)行《無公害食(shi)品蘋果》(NY5012-2002)標準(zhun)。