莒(ju)南板栗(li),山(shan)東省莒(ju)南縣名優特(te)產(chan),中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)理標志保護(hu)產(chan)品。莒(ju)南縣地(di)(di)處低(di)山(shan)丘陵區(qu),雨熱同季,秋高(gao)氣爽,土壤養分(fen)齊全,適宜板栗(li)生產(chan),產(chan)量名列山(shan)東第(di)一,被(bei)列為中(zhong)國(guo)板栗(li)優質(zhi)高(gao)產(chan)高(gao)效栽(zai)培示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)(di),所產(chan)板栗(li)個大、色艷、光滑油(you)亮(liang)、果(guo)肉嫩(nen)黃細膩(ni)、香甜可口,素有"糯(nuo)香栗(li)"之稱。遠(yuan)銷日本、新加坡、韓國(guo)、臺(tai)灣等國(guo)家和地(di)(di)區(qu),深受客戶青睞。
產地環境
莒南(nan)縣位于(yu)山(shan)東省東南(nan)部魯蘇(su)交界處(chu),地處(chu)低山(shan)丘陵區,土壤養分(fen)(fen)齊全,適宜板栗生產(chan)。屬暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)區半濕潤大(da)陸性氣候(hou),四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)明,冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷(leng)少雨雪(xue),春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎(yan)熱多雨,秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)高氣爽(shuang),晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)大(da),有利于(yu)板栗堅果養分(fen)(fen)積累。
品種特點
莒南板(ban)(ban)栗(li)個大、均(jun)勻,皮薄易剝,色澤(ze)鮮艷,味(wei)道(dao)甘(gan)甜。經過(guo)長期生產(chan)檢(jian)驗(yan)和(he)篩選(xuan)淘汰,21世紀初廣(guang)泛(fan)種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)有玉豐、石豐、麗(li)抗(kang)三(san)個品種(zhong)。尤其是具有自主知識產(chan)權的(de)(de)麗(li)抗(kang)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)品種(zhong),樹冠擴張快,早(zao)果(guo)、豐產(chan)、穩產(chan),嫁(jia)接后第二年結果(guo);堅果(guo)外形美觀、亮(liang)麗(li),果(guo)粒大,商品性狀優良(liang),炒食口(kou)感好,糯(nuo)性強,內在品質優良(liang);抗(kang)干旱、耐(nai)瘠薄,適(shi)合(he)丘陵地建園栽植(zhi),抗(kang)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)爛果(guo)病和(he)紅蜘蛛危(wei)害(hai)。該品種(zhong)2005年12月通(tong)過(guo)山(shan)東(dong)省林木品種(zhong)審定委員(yuan)會審定,已被國內其它板(ban)(ban)栗(li)產(chan)區(qu)廣(guang)泛(fan)種(zhong)植(zhi)。
"莒(ju)南板栗"營(ying)養豐富。含淀粉51%~60%,蛋白質5.7%~0.7%,脂肪2%~7.4%,還(huan)含有豐富的纖維素、胡蘿卜素、維生(sheng)素A、B、C及(ji)磷、鉀、鈣、鋅、硒(xi)等元素,可供人體吸收和利用的養分高達(da)98%。熟食莒(ju)南板栗可以益氣(qi)血、養胃、補腎(shen)、健肝脾;生(sheng)食還(huan)有治療腰腿酸疼(teng)、舒筋活絡的功效(xiao)。莒(ju)南板栗營(ying)養價值(zhi)高。
生產情況
莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是主要經濟樹種(zhong),從1990年(nian)起,莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)就制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)10年(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)40萬畝(mu)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)(hua),對板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)實行(xing)目(mu)標(biao)考核責(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi),并全面(mian)落實栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園承(cheng)(cheng)包經營,并建立健(jian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉、村(cun)三級科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣(guang)(guang)網(wang)絡。1995年(nian),莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)《莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規范化管理規程》,對板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)統一(yi)規劃(hua)(hua)、統一(yi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術標(biao)準(zhun)做到(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)水田園路綜合開發(fa)(fa),實行(xing)路到(dao)(dao)園、水到(dao)(dao)園、電到(dao)(dao)園和(he)(he)養殖到(dao)(dao)園的"四到(dao)(dao)園"。到(dao)(dao)2002年(nian),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)栽(zai)(zai)培良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)53個(ge),優(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)應用率達到(dao)(dao)98.8%,種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積41萬畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量3584萬公(gong)斤。2008年(nian),栽(zai)(zai)培品(pin)種(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)"燕山(shan)(shan)紅"、"煙青"、"煙泉""石豐"等(deng)優(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)種(zhong),板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)化覆蓋(gai)率達100%。"莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)"生產(chan)(chan)(chan)標(biao)準(zhun)化程度高(gao)。莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)共承(cheng)(cheng)擔國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)(he)省(sheng)(sheng)市板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)課(ke)題項目(mu)10余項,獲(huo)得省(sheng)(sheng)部級科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)果8項,其中"板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)選育與出口創(chuang)匯名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)基地(di)建設"獲(huo)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)進步二等(deng)獎(jiang)。逐(zhu)步形成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)套完整(zheng)的"莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)"栽(zai)(zai)培技(ji)(ji)(ji)術,形成(cheng)了(le)穩定(ding)(ding)的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)隊伍(wu)和(he)(he)網(wang)絡技(ji)(ji)(ji)術推廣(guang)(guang)模式。山(shan)(shan)東(dong)綠(lv)潤食品(pin)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)是中國(guo)(guo)(guo)最大的板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye),2006年(nian)該公(gong)司(si)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)被評為"山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)"和(he)(he)"山(shan)(shan)東(dong)名優(you)農(林)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)";2008年(nian)8月被授予農業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化"國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點龍(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)"。在該企(qi)業(ye)的帶動(dong)下,莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)已建成(cheng)大型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)交易(yi)市場(chang)1處,大中型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)深加(jia)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)6處,小型(xing)初加(jia)工(gong)點300多個(ge),實現板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)年(nian)交易(yi)量1.6萬噸,年(nian)銷售收入3億元(yuan)。深加(jia)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)遠銷日、韓、歐、美、加(jia)、中東(dong)、東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)亞(ya)等(deng)地(di),"沂蒙綠(lv)潤"牌板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)深加(jia)工(gong)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)為食品(pin)行(xing)業(ye)的知名品(pin)牌,年(nian)出口創(chuang)匯2000萬美元(yuan)。