一.產品介紹
石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),產于長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)泰巖(yan)溪鎮(zhen)石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)村——海拔1119米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)崗山(shan)腳下。這里地(di)下礦(kuang)泉水潺潺涌出(chu),水質(zhi)(zhi)甘醇,常年(nian)(nian)不斷(duan),土層深厚、富(fu)含礦(kuang)物質(zhi)(zhi),所產出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檳(bin)榔芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)表(biao)皮(pi)(pi)呈(cheng)紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se),肉質(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)嫩(nen)、松酥可口、芳(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)氣濃、風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)獨特。石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)聲遠播(bo),尤(you)被廈門、漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)一帶(dai)城(cheng)區居民視為(wei)難(nan)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)品。石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環境(jing)優越,母芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)形狀呈(cheng)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度20厘(li)米(mi)左右(you),直(zhi)徑10厘(li)米(mi)左右(you),表(biao)皮(pi)(pi)棕(zong)褐色(se),平均單個(ge)重1公斤左右(you),每(mei)株(zhu)子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)3-4個(ge)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肉乳白色(se)帶(dai)紫(zi)(zi)紅檳(bin)榔花紋,易煮熟(shu)食肉質(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)、松、軟,濃香(xiang)(xiang)可口。此外,石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可食率高(gao),頭(tou)尾部分去皮(pi)(pi)后(hou)均可食用。石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)營養豐富(fu),干物質(zhi)(zhi)中淀粉含量達(da)73.5%,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含量達(da)12.3%,脂肪含量達(da)0.6%,磷含量為(wei)376.6mg/100g,與(yu)各(ge)地(di)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)對比,具有獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)。石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種植歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),因其(qi)品質(zhi)(zhi)優異(yi),在漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)廈門及周邊地(di)區享有盛(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。《長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)泰縣(xian)志》中關(guan)于石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載“一名(ming)(ming)(ming)土芝,有大小青黃(huang)畬散種,大著(zhu)為(wei)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)魁”。相傳(chuan)(chuan),乾(qian)隆(long)下江南,途經漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou),索地(di)方美味(wei)(wei)(wei),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)泰縣(xian)令(ling)攜名(ming)(ming)(ming)廚一名(ming)(ming)(ming),豬(zhu)肘一支(zhi),石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一粒(li),赴(fu)府做“豬(zhu)肘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)煲”,令(ling)乾(qian)隆(long)皇帝龍顏大悅,贊(zan)口不絕(jue),從此石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)被欽定為(wei)貢品,年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)專(zhuan)人專(zhuan)程輸(shu)往大內(nei)。在長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)泰傳(chuan)(chuan)統習俗喜慶佳(jia)節以(yi)石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)烹制芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泥--將芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)蒸(zheng)熟(shu)搗碎,加糖(tang),佐以(yi)桔皮(pi)(pi)、桂花等香(xiang)(xiang)料(liao),溫(wen)火煎熬成羹;以(yi)石(shi)(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)食材的(de)(de)(de)(de)農家菜肴有芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塊(kuai)燉(dun)豬(zhu)肘、干蒸(zheng)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塊(kuai),等等。
二(er).自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:石銘芋保護區域土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要有潛育型和淹育型的(de)水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)紅(hong)壤(rang),赤紅(hong)壤(rang),成土(tu)(tu)母(mu)質以沖積物為主,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥耕層深厚,結(jie)構適宜,理化性狀良(liang)好(hao), pH5.5-6.5耕作層厚度在(zai)25cm以上,所產的(de)石銘芋表皮(pi)呈棕褐色,肉質細(xi)、松(song)、酥,濃香可(ke)口(kou),風味獨(du)特(te),食不厭口(kou),營養豐富。
2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:石銘(ming)芋保護區域(yu)主(zhu)要位于長(chang)泰縣第二高峰良(liang)崗山(shan)(海拔1119米)下,森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)茂密,由于地下礦泉水(shui)(shui)潺潺涌出(chu),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)甘(gan)醇,常年(nian)不(bu)斷,生產出(chu)的(de)(de)石銘(ming)芋肉質(zhi)細膩,松酥可口風味獨(du)特。據(ju)檢測,水(shui)(shui)中富含16種微(wei)量元素,主(zhu)水(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達到(dao)國家飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)2級以上(shang)標準,優質(zhi)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)源選就(jiu)石銘(ming)芋優良(liang)的(de)(de)品質(zhi)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:長泰縣屬南亞熱帶海洋(yang)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),夏(xia)長冬短,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)濕潤(run)(run),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛,年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)1600mm,降(jiang)水(shui)集中在(zai)3-8月,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)21℃,最高(gao)月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)26.8℃,最低月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12.6℃。因石(shi)(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)性喜高(gao)溫(wen)濕潤(run)(run),種(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)13-15℃開始發(fa)芽,生(sheng)長適(shi)溫(wen)20℃以上,發(fa)育(yu)最適(shi)溫(wen)27-30℃,該地區的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件非常適(shi)合(he)其生(sheng)長。此外(wai),石(shi)(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)栽培區域光(guang)照充足,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)太陽輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)127.8千(qian)卡/平(ping)方厘米(mi),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)日照2037.4小時,無霜(shuang)期328天。由(you)于充足的(de)(de)光(guang)照條件,使(shi)得(de)石(shi)(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)能夠很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)進行(xing)有機質的(de)(de)積(ji)累,淀粉含量(liang)(liang)較高(gao),石(shi)(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)口感(gan)松嫰細(xi)糯,石(shi)(shi)銘村是適(shi)應石(shi)(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭生(sheng)產的(de)(de)好(hao)地方。
三.地域范圍
石(shi)銘芋(yu)地理標(biao)志保(bao)護范圍為長泰縣巖溪鎮石(shi)銘村、甘寨村及坂里鄉石(shi)格(ge)村、新(xin)春村、坂新(xin)村等5個行政村,地理坐標(biao)為東徑117°38′117°45′,北緯(wei)24°34′-25°47′,總(zong)保(bao)護面(mian)積20000畝(mu),現有生(sheng)產面(mian)積4000畝(mu),年(nian)產量6000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:石銘芋生長環境優(you)越,母芋呈圓柱(zhu)形(xing),表皮棕褐色(se),無蟲(chong)蛀、無爛點、無破捐。芋肉(rou)乳白色(se)帶紫紅檳榔花紋,易煮熟(shu)食(shi)肉(rou)質細、松、軟(ruan),濃(nong)香可口。此外,石銘芋可食(shi)率高,頭尾(wei)部分去皮后均可食(shi)用。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):石(shi)銘芋營養豐富,干物(wu)質(zhi)中淀粉含(han)量(liang)65%-80%,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)達(da)10%-15%。作糧作菜皆宜,與(yu)各(ge)地生(sheng)產的芋頭對比,具(ju)有獨特(te)的香味。
3、產品質量(liang)安全規定:石銘(ming)芋(yu)產品質量(liang)應符合(NY/T1049-2006)標準
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1、產地(di)要求:選(xuan)擇土層深厚、肥沃疏松、排灌(guan)方(fang)便、并且(qie)光照充(chong)足,空氣和水質潔凈(jing),生(sheng)態環境良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)地(di)塊種植(zhi)。根據(ju)石銘(ming)村(cun)的(de)地(di)理優勢選(xuan)擇在生(sheng)態條件良(liang)(liang)好(hao),良(liang)(liang)崗(gang)山泉水能灌(guan)溉到的(de)地(di)方(fang)種植(zhi),做(zuo)好(hao)灌(guan)溉和排水設(she)施,做(zuo)到旱能灌(guan)澇能排,并采取芋、稻(dao)輪(lun)種的(de)方(fang)式,避免(mian)重茬(cha)。
2、種(zhong)芋(yu)選(xuan)擇(ze):種(zhong)芋(yu)是長期留種(zhong),選(xuan)擇(ze)球莖無(wu)傷口、無(wu)病斑,頂芽的(de)芽尖保存(cun)完(wan)好(hao),球莖飽(bao)滿(man)呈圓形,大(da)小基(ji)本(ben)一(yi)致,個體在(zai)50-100克左右為宜。
3、生產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)與控制技術:石(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)采(cai)用水(shui)(shui)稻-芋(yu)(yu)(yu)輪作模式,于晚季水(shui)(shui)稻收割完后(hou)(即11月(yue)份(fen))整地,一年種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一季,播種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)12月(yue)至翌年4月(yue),定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)覆(fu)蓋田(tian)土,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)后(hou)至清明這段時(shi)間(jian)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)生長緩(huan)慢,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是根部生長,所以田(tian)間(jian)不可積水(shui)(shui),若土壤過(guo)于干(gan)旱,灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)應即灌(guan)即排。雨天應及時(shi)排水(shui)(shui)防漬水(shui)(shui)。夏季至秋初,氣溫高,芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)生長迅猛,需(xu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)增加,應經常(chang)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui),保持溝間(jian)潮濕。采(cai)收前(qian)20天停止(zhi)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)。另外,培土是芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)豐(feng)產(chan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)之一,可促進發(fa)生不定(ding)根,提(ti)高抗旱能力(li),抑制頂芽生長,且(qie)利(li)于球莖的(de)發(fa)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)大。全(quan)生育(yu)期培土二次,培土必(bi)須結合除草(cao)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)進行(xing)。石(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用農(nong)(nong)(nong)業投入品要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格按照NY/T394《綠色(se)食品肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料使(shi)(shi)(shi)用準則(ze)》、NY/T393《綠色(se)食品農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用準則(ze)》執(zhi)行(xing)。石(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)生長期長,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料較多,耐(nai)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較強,需(xu)多次施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料使(shi)(shi)(shi)用上(shang),實行(xing)配(pei)方施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),以有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)輔。石(shi)銘芋(yu)(yu)(yu)病害(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)霜霉病;蟲(chong)害(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you):蚜蟲(chong)和(he)斜紋夜蛾,要(yao)(yao)(yao)以農(nong)(nong)(nong)業和(he)物(wu)(wu)理(li)防治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),化(hua)學防治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔,杜絕使(shi)(shi)(shi)用禁用農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),控制化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用劑量(liang)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用次數(shu),采(cai)用生物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和(he)低毒低殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)間(jian)隔期,確保芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)的(de)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan),適時(shi)防治(zhi)并加強病蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)測報,掌握病蟲(chong)害(hai)發(fa)生動態和(he)規律,達(da)到防治(zhi)指標時(shi),根據環境和(he)物(wu)(wu)候期適時(shi)對癥用藥(yao)。
4、產品(pin)(pin)處理:石銘芋(yu)采(cai)收期(qi)(qi)為每年10月(yue)至次(ci)年2月(yue),過早收獲芋(yu)頭(tou)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)成熟,香松度不(bu)(bu)夠(gou),影響質(zhi)量(liang),產量(liang)也不(bu)(bu)高。一般(ban)采(cai)取(qu)隨(sui)采(cai)隨(sui)銷(xiao),若遇雨水過多,也可采(cai)收回(hui)來放于陰涼處晾開,根據商(shang)品(pin)(pin)要求包裝(zhuang)盒銷(xiao)售(shou)。 5、生產記(ji)(ji)錄要求:如實記(ji)(ji)錄生產投入品(pin)(pin),包括化肥農藥名稱(cheng)、來源、用法、用量(liang)和使用,停用日期(qi)(qi);收獲日期(qi)(qi),質(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)測情(qing)況(kuang)、銷(xiao)售(shou)情(qing)況(kuang)、生產記(ji)(ji)錄應當保在兩年以上(shang)。