一.產品介紹
和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷史悠(you)久,在20世紀60年(nian)代,由野生轉人工(gong)栽培(pei)(pei)獲得成功(gong),經(jing)過和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)人民長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)摸索和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)各方專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精心(xin)培(pei)(pei)育,目(mu)前培(pei)(pei)育出了(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)1號”、“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)2號”、“南科號”,并掌握了(le)五年(nian)一(yi)(yi)生產(chan)周期的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)套(tao)育苗、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)管理經(jing)驗,之(zhi)(zhi)后和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen)迅速掀起(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)熱潮。和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)成品(pin)(pin)呈扁(bian)圓柱形,條(tiao)粗(cu)0.8-1.5cm,皮(pi)色黃,肉質(zhi)呈紫白色,味甘甜,其(qi)突出特(te)(te)點是質(zhi)軟、肉厚(hou)、心(xin)細等(deng)(deng)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)觀特(te)(te)征(zheng),為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)中(zhong)上(shang)品(pin)(pin)。具有(you)(you)(you)補腎陽(yang)、壯筋骨、祛風(feng)濕等(deng)(deng)功(gong)效(xiao),對(dui)治療陽(yang)痿(wei),少(shao)腹(fu)冷(leng)痛,小便不(bu)禁,子宮虛冷(leng),風(feng)寒濕痹,腰膝(xi)酸痛等(deng)(deng)均有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定效(xiao)果(guo)。 被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen),因其(qi)得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培(pei)(pei)技術(shu),所產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優(you)良,質(zhi)量上(shang)乘,素有(you)(you)(you)盛譽。1992年(nian)經(jing)中(zhong)國(guo)藥科大學天(tian)然藥物化學教研(yan)室和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生物教研(yan)室論證,和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)與各地對(dui)比(bi)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成分最高。2011年(nian),“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)”通過農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標志登記保護(hu)。目(mu)前,和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen)許多群眾(zhong)在從事(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培(pei)(pei)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)、銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)工(gong)作,全(quan)鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積達到1500畝,產(chan)量450噸,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)500多戶(hu),年(nian)創產(chan)值1000萬(wan)元以上(shang),有(you)(you)(you)漳(zhang)州巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)酒業有(you)(you)(you)限公司(si)、漳(zhang)州聚善堂(tang)中(zhong)藥材基地等(deng)(deng)多家(jia)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)企業和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)栽培(pei)(pei)基地,實現(xian)“產(chan)供銷(xiao)(xiao)”一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)龍,已形成產(chan)業規模。全(quan)鎮(zhen)擁有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)支100多人巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)外(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)隊伍。和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)暢銷(xiao)(xiao)省內外(wai),銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)范圍遍布全(quan)國(guo)各大城市。
二(er).自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
和(he)溪鎮年(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)1960小(xiao)時,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),土(tu)地(di)肥沃,多年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)21°C,0°C以上(shang)活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)7400°C,無霜(shuang)期在(zai)(zai)(zai)305天(tian)以上(shang),年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)1880毫米(mi),年(nian)平均(jun)相對(dui)濕度80%以上(shang),是(shi)典型的南亞熱帶雨(yu)林氣(qi)候(hou),境(jing)(jing)內四(si)面(mian)環山(shan),中(zhong)部(bu)河谷(gu)平緩(huan),平均(jun)海(hai)拔460米(mi),是(shi)一(yi)個氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,青山(shan)常在(zai)(zai)(zai),綠水(shui)常流(liu)(liu)的山(shan)區,是(shi)適應發展(zhan)巴(ba)戟天(tian)等(deng)中(zhong)藥材生(sheng)(sheng)產的好地(di)方。 和(he)溪水(shui)域(yu)(yu)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃,天(tian)然餌料豐(feng)富,適宜多種生(sheng)(sheng)物生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)、繁殖棲息。流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)內有(you)龍(long)山(shan)溪上(shang)游主(zhu)干流(liu)(liu)及(ji)(ji)龍(long)山(shan)溪其(qi)它的小(xiao)溪支流(liu)(liu),總長(chang)25.3km,并(bing)于靖城關帝廟匯入九龍(long)江西溪主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)。和(he)溪水(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)良,甘甜可口無污染(ran),水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達到(dao)地(di)表水(shui)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活飲用水(shui)的標準,優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)的水(shui)源(yuan)使巴(ba)戟天(tian)產品品質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)良。土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):和(he)溪土(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)花崗巖、火山(shan)凝灰巖發育(yu)而成的紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)、赤(chi)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)。一(yi)般300m以下的山(shan)前丘陵分(fen)布赤(chi)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang),300-500m分(fen)布紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)、粗骨(gu)性紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)和(he)粗骨(gu)性赤(chi)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)陡坡、丘頂山(shan)脊處及(ji)(ji)強度侵蝕的水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)(liu)失區,居民點附近及(ji)(ji)交通要(yao)道(dao)由于人類活動頻(pin)繁,常分(fen)布侵蝕赤(chi)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)和(he)侵蝕紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang),其(qi)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)2%-3%,全(quan)氮0.08%-0.1%,速效磷8ppm-10ppm,速效鉀120ppm-130ppm,PH4.5-5.5,耕(geng)作土(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)水(shui)稻土(tu)、黃泥田和(he)沙質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)等(deng),耕(geng)層厚(hou)度在(zai)(zai)(zai)15cm以上(shang)占(zhan)36%,10-15cm以上(shang)占(zhan)61%,10cm以下占(zhan)3%,土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2%左右(you)。
三.地域范圍
南(nan)(nan)靖(jing)縣(xian)和溪(xi)鎮(zhen)生態(tai)環境(jing)優越,地理(li)(li)區域(yu)優勢(shi)明顯,特別適宜巴(ba)戟天(tian)的生育生長。和溪(xi)巴(ba)戟天(tian)產(chan)地位于九(jiu)龍(long)江(jiang)西(xi)溪(xi)源(yuan)頭的閩西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部結合(he)部,與龍(long)巖、漳平(ping)、華安三縣(xian)(市)毗鄰。319國(guo)道、漳龍(long)高速(su)公路、龍(long)廈鐵路等(deng)穿境(jing)而過(guo),和溪(xi)巴(ba)戟天(tian)地理(li)(li)標志(zhi)保護(hu)范圍(wei)包括南(nan)(nan)靖(jing)縣(xian)和溪(xi)鎮(zhen)和溪(xi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、月(yue)明村(cun)(cun)(cun)、林坂村(cun)(cun)(cun)、林中(zhong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、坂場村(cun)(cun)(cun)、英勇村(cun)(cun)(cun)、吉春(chun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、斗米村(cun)(cun)(cun)、聯(lian)橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)(nan)橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)、迎新村(cun)(cun)(cun)、迎富村(cun)(cun)(cun)、樂(le)土(tu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、月(yue)星村(cun)(cun)(cun)、居委(wei)會等(deng)15個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(居委(wei)會),地理(li)(li)坐標為東(dong)經(jing)117°15'00”-117°18'45”,北緯24°26'22”-25°00'01”,平(ping)均海拔460米,總保護(hu)面(mian)積5萬畝,現有生產(chan)面(mian)積1500畝,年產(chan)量450噸。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
1、外在感官特征:和溪產巴戟(ji)天(tian)(tian)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,素有(you)“巴戟(ji)天(tian)(tian)之鄉(xiang)”美譽;產地生態獨(du)特,屬中國巴戟(ji)天(tian)(tian)種植(zhi)北緣區域,栽培技術先進(jin);產品呈扁圓柱(zhu)形,條粗0.8-1.5cm,皮色黃,肉質呈紫白色,其突出(chu)特點是質軟,肉厚,心(xin)細(xi),味甘甜。
2、獨特的內(nei)在品質指(zhi)標:和溪巴(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)(tian)與各(ge)地生產巴(ba)戟(ji)天(tian)(tian)對比有效成分蒽醌的含(han)量最高,為2.02-3.00mg/g,具有很(hen)高的營養價值。
3、和溪巴戟(ji)天產(chan)地符合NY/T391《綠色食品(pin)產(chan)地環境技術(shu)條(tiao)件》的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),生產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)過程及產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質安全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)符合2002年6月1日(ri)起施行的(de)國家藥(yao)品(pin)監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理(li)局局務(wu)會(hui)審(shen)議通過的(de)《中藥(yao)材生產(chan)質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)規范(試行)》中相關規定。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
1、產(chan)地(di)要(yao)求:符合NY/T391《綠(lv)色食品產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)技術(shu)條(tiao)件(jian)》的(de)要(yao)求,應選擇(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)良(liang)好(hao),避(bi)風向陽、有(you)水源(yuan)、土(tu)壤疏松(song)、肥(fei)沃(wo)、PH值在5.6-7之間、排水良(liang)好(hao)且有(you)一定遮蔭條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)東坡或東南坡,最好(hao)是(shi)新開墾無污染土(tu)地(di)。土(tu)層(ceng)厚度在1m以上,坡度在25°-30°,具(ju)有(you)可(ke)持續生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力,能發揮(hui)巴戟天良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)優良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)性的(de)農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)區域作生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)范圍:選(xuan)用優(you)質(zhi)、抗(kang)性強、適應當地氣候條件的(de)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),同時應是且有預(yu)期(qi)市場(chang)前景的(de)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),如福建省亞(ya)熱帶植(zhi)物研究所(suo)從本(ben)地野生資(zi)源(yuan)中篩選(xuan)培(pei)育出的(de)以“和(he)溪1號”等為主的(de)新優(you)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong),苗種(zhong)(zhong)規格整齊,體質(zhi)健(jian)壯(zhuang)無病,體表完整無損(sun),無寄生蟲,質(zhi)量要符(fu)合(he)GB11767規定的(de)標(biao)準。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)控(kong)制(zhi):和(he)溪巴(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)栽種(zhong)時(shi)選取(qu)(qu)良種(zhong),根據春秋季節在(zai)清明、立(li)秋前后(hou)(hou)按株行(xing)間距(ju)40*40cm,畝種(zhong)2000-2500株密度(du)進行(xing)定植(zhi),定植(zhi)時(shi)巴(ba)(ba)戟苗進行(xing)打頂,定植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)澆定根水,并(bing)注意及時(shi)補(bu)苗,確保(bao)畝成活2000株以(yi)上(shang),病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害主(zhu)要注意防(fang)治莖基腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)、紫紋羽病(bing)(bing)、根結線蟲(chong)、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)等。在(zai)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)上(shang),實行(xing)配方施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)為輔(fu),并(bing)根據巴(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)不同生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期的(de)(de)(de)需肥(fei)(fei)規律施(shi)(shi)用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)上(shang),多(duo)采用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和(he)低毒低殘留(liu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),并(bing)嚴格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)采收巴(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)期間不噴化(hua)(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)技術規范,確保(bao)和(he)溪巴(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)安(an)全(quan)(quan),從未(wei)出現農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留(liu)超標現象。其中田間管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),將嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)NY/T394《綠(lv)色食品肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則》和(he)NY/T393《綠(lv)色食品農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則》執(zhi)行(xing),制(zhi)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)各(ge)項管理(li)制(zhi)度(du),采取(qu)(qu)源(yuan)頭(tou)控(kong)制(zhi),全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)跟(gen)蹤,嚴禁施(shi)(shi)用(yong)國(guo)家(jia)明令禁止使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)高毒、高殘留(liu)和(he)淘汰的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)品,嚴禁任何單位和(he)個人在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地推廣未(wei)經國(guo)家(jia)審定、登記、批準(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)品,以(yi)確保(bao)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與質量安(an)全(quan)(quan)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方面(mian)(mian)采取(qu)(qu)以(yi)施(shi)(shi)放腐(fu)熟有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),復合肥(fei)(fei)為輔(fu)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則;病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治方面(mian)(mian)采用(yong)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)和(he)物理(li)防(fang)治為主(zhu),化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)治為輔(fu)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治辦法,杜絕使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)禁用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),嚴格(ge)規定化(hua)(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)劑(ji)量、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)次數,嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)間隔期,提倡使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物源(yuan)、礦物源(yuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。同時(shi),做好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)記錄檔(dang)案(an),即(ji)在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中,各(ge)項農(nong)(nong)(nong)事活動,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)品的(de)(de)(de)購買、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)情況(kuang),產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工與銷售(shou)情況(kuang),將嚴格(ge)進行(xing)記錄造冊,建立(li)和(he)溪巴(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)質量可追溯制(zhi)度(du)。
4、產后處理:
①采(cai)收(shou)與加工(gong)(gong):巴(ba)(ba)戟天的(de)采(cai)挖(wa)以采(cai)挖(wa)根(gen)部,以5年(nian)生長年(nian)限(xian)為(wei)標準,選取符合年(nian)限(xian)要求的(de)巴(ba)(ba)戟天加以采(cai)挖(wa)。根(gen)據(ju)加工(gong)(gong)巴(ba)(ba)戟天的(de)要求,分(fen)批、分(fen)期、分(fen)次地按標準適時采(cai)挖(wa)。采(cai)挖(wa)下來的(de)巴(ba)(ba)戟天應用清潔(jie)、通(tong)風的(de)簍筐盛裝,防止鮮巴(ba)(ba)戟天變質或(huo)與其它有害物質混合。及(ji)時采(cai)收(shou),保證巴(ba)(ba)戟天質量,采(cai)挖(wa)的(de)巴(ba)(ba)戟天做到不(bu)擠壓、不(bu)破損、分(fen)類堆(dui)放、運輸(shu),運輸(shu)器具要清潔(jie)衛生、通(tong)氣,避免與其他藥(yao)材混裝。產品的(de)加工(gong)(gong)則在衛生、清潔(jie)、無污染的(de)加工(gong)(gong)廠房內進行。通(tong)過(guo)挑(tiao)撿干燥等工(gong)(gong)序(xu),最后按不(bu)同等級包裝進倉。
②包裝:包裝容器應(ying)干燥、清潔(jie)、無毒、無異(yi)味、防潮,包裝材料應(ying)符合(he)NY/T658和SB/T 10035的規定(ding)。
③貯(zhu)存:貯(zhu)存產品(pin)的倉(cang)庫(ku)(ku),必須(xu)符合(he)通風、干燥、清潔(jie)、陰涼、無陽光直接(jie)照射的要求,嚴禁與有毒(du)、有異(yi)味(wei)、潮濕(shi)、易(yi)生蟲、易(yi)污(wu)染(ran)的物品(pin)同倉(cang)貯(zhu)存。在(zai)倉(cang)庫(ku)(ku)內(nei)堆(dui)放(fang),應離地(di)200mm,離墻300mm,堆(dui)放(fang)高度以(yi)包裝物受壓不(bu)(bu)變(bian)形,不(bu)(bu)破裂為準,但一般不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)4m,堆(dui)疊(die)必須(xu)整齊,堆(dui)間應留適(shi)當通道。產品(pin)出庫(ku)(ku)堅(jian)持先(xian)進先(xian)出的原(yuan)則(ze),要進行定期(qi)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)定期(qi)抽(chou)檢,對超過(guo)保質期(qi)而(er)未經檢驗合(he)格的產品(pin)不(bu)(bu)得出庫(ku)(ku)。
④貯運:運輸時應放在(zai)干(gan)凈、無異味、無污(wu)染的(de)(de)專用包裝(zhuang)箱內,并嚴(yan)禁(jin)與有毒(du)、有異味、潮(chao)濕(shi)、易污(wu)染的(de)(de)物(wu)品混裝(zhuang)混運。運轉過程(cheng)中,必須有防潮(chao)、防雨(yu)的(de)(de)設施,不得(de)與潮(chao)濕(shi)地面接觸。裝(zhuang)卸時,應輕搬、輕放,防止包裝(zhuang)破(po)損。搬運過程(cheng),一般不得(de)在(zai)雨(yu)天進行,如遇特殊情況(kuang),須用防雨(yu)布嚴(yan)密遮蓋和防護(hu)。