產地環境
產區(qu)(qu)位于武夷山(shan)和(he)(he)戴云山(shan)之間,閩江上游各源流貫其(qi)中,屬中亞熱(re)帶農(nong)業氣候區(qu)(qu)。氣候溫(wen)和(he)(he),雨量(liang)充沛。年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)18~20.5℃,最冷月平(ping)均氣溫(wen)8℃左右,無霜期約300天(tian),年降水(shui)量(liang)1200~1500毫(hao)米。農(nong)作物以水(shui)稻(dao)、大豆為(wei)主,甘薯(shu)次之。碎米、米糠等(deng)糧食加(jia)工副產品和(he)(he)青綠多汁飼料豐富(fu)。
地理分布
閩(min)(min)北花豬廣泛分布在閩(min)(min)江上游的沙(sha)溪,富(fu)屯(tun)溪,建(jian)溪、尤溪兩岸約(yue)15個縣、市。
品種形成
據(ju)說,閩北(bei)花豬是由當地的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)小型花豬與(yu)放(fang)竹排人從江西帶進的(de)(de)(de)花豬雜交后形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)。但主要應是由產區群眾根據(ju)生活習慣(guan)及高能(neng)量(liang)飼(si)料、自然環境(jing)與(yu)社會(hui)經濟等(deng)因素影(ying)響,經長期選(xuan)育而形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)這種(zhong)(zhong)早熟易肥、肉質(zhi)細嫩、富含脂肪的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)。
品種特征
閩北花豬被毛細、稀、短,頭中等(deng)大小,額有(you)深(shen)淺、形(xing)狀不(bu)一(yi)(yi)的皺紋,耳前傾(qing)下(xia)垂(chui),頸短厚,背腰寬,背多(duo)凹(ao)陷,腹大下(xia)垂(chui),臀寬而(er)稍傾(qing)斜。毛色(se)為(wei)黑白(bai)斑塊相間,分布不(bu)很一(yi)(yi)致,有(you)的除四肢、腹下(xia)部及尾端為(wei)白(bai)色(se)外,其(qi)余均為(wei)黑色(se);有(you)的胸部、腹部、肩胛部和(he)四肢、尾端均為(wei)白(bai)色(se);有(you)的肩部有(you)寬窄不(bu)一(yi)(yi)、兩側相連或(huo)不(bu)連接的白(bai)色(se)環帶,俗稱“花背甲(jia)”。
品種性能
據測定,6月齡后備母豬的平均體重為30.59公斤,體長77.16厘米,若飼養粗放,體重、體尺可能都達不到此值。閩北花豬中的母豬一般在產3~4胎后體型才穩定。成年(nian)母豬(zhu)平(ping)均體重83.90公(gong)(gong)斤,體長(chang)113.00厘(li)(li)米(mi),體高58.70厘(li)(li)米(mi),胸(xiong)圍102.20厘(li)(li)米(mi);成年(nian)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)平(ping)均體重78.10公(gong)(gong)斤,體長(chang)110.90厘(li)(li)米(mi),體高63.30厘(li)(li)米(mi),胸(xiong)圍102.40厘(li)(li)米(mi)。公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)性(xing)成(cheng)熟較早,3月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)即(ji)有性(xing)行為(wei),一(yi)般在5~6月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)開(kai)始初(chu)配。母豬(zhu)(zhu)在發(fa)情7~8次(ci)后,即(ji)8月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)、體重40公(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)開(kai)始初(chu)次(ci)配種。初(chu)產母豬(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)均產仔數為(wei)7.5頭,經產母豬(zhu)(zhu)的平(ping)均產仔數為(wei)8.77頭;每頭平(ping)均初(chu)生重0.66公(gong)(gong)斤,30日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)窩重為(wei)32.02公(gong)(gong)斤,60日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)斷奶窩重為(wei)70.8公(gong)(gong)斤,哺育率達90.30%。
在青(qing)、粗(cu)飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)主的(de)飼養條件下,肥育豬從平(ping)均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8.30公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)開始,至66.30公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)長成,平(ping)均(jun)日增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)212克,每(mei)增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)需青(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)11.63公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、粗(cu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)3.57公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.23公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),約折(zhe)合5個燕麥飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單位(wei),在以米湯(tang)、剩飯(fan)和(he)泔水為(wei)主的(de)飼養條件下,增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較快,飼養6個月,體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達75.90公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),可(ke)出(chu)欄上市(shi),每(mei)增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)消(xiao)耗精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.84公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、青(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.73公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、粗(cu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.34公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),約折(zhe)3.29個燕麥飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單位(wei)。在不限量(liang)飼喂(wei)混合飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(組(zu)成為(wei)45%稻谷(gu)粉(fen)(fen)、30%麩皮(pi)、20%糠餅(bing)和(he)5%魚(yu)粉(fen)(fen)或黃(huang)豆粉(fen)(fen),另加2%石(shi)粉(fen)(fen)和(he)1%食鹽(yan))、上下午各(ge)投喂(wei)一次青(qing)飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)條件下,平(ping)均(jun)日增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)367克,每(mei)增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)消(xiao)耗精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)4.79公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、青(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.82公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),折(zhe)合4.30個燕麥飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單位(wei)。
平(ping)均體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)61.10公(gong)斤(jin)的肥育(yu)豬,其屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)72.34%,體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)96.60公(gong)斤(jin)的肥育(yu)豬,屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)75.16%,據7頭肥豬的屠(tu)宰(zai)測定,3頭平(ping)均體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)76(74~78)公(gong)斤(jin),屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)69.80%,背(bei)(bei)膘厚(hou)5.5厘米,腹脂占(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)8.9%,后腿占(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的26.67%;4頭平(ping)均體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)100.63(87~111)公(gong)斤(jin)的肥豬,屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)71.10%,背(bei)(bei)膘厚(hou)6.50厘米,腹脂占(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的9.00%,后腿占(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的25.93%。