產地環境
產區位于(yu)武夷(yi)山和(he)戴云(yun)山之間,閩江上游各(ge)源(yuan)流貫其(qi)中,屬中亞熱帶農業氣候區。氣候溫和(he),雨量充(chong)沛。年平均(jun)氣溫18~20.5℃,最冷月(yue)平均(jun)氣溫8℃左右,無霜期約300天,年降水量1200~1500毫米。農作物以水稻、大豆為主,甘薯次之。碎(sui)米、米糠等(deng)糧食加工(gong)副(fu)產品和(he)青(qing)綠多汁(zhi)飼料(liao)豐(feng)富。
地理分布
閩北花豬(zhu)廣泛分布在閩江上(shang)游的沙溪(xi)(xi),富屯溪(xi)(xi),建溪(xi)(xi)、尤溪(xi)(xi)兩岸約15個縣(xian)、市。
品種形成
據說,閩北花(hua)豬(zhu)是由當地的一(yi)種小型花(hua)豬(zhu)與(yu)(yu)放竹(zhu)排人從(cong)江(jiang)西帶進(jin)的花(hua)豬(zhu)雜交(jiao)后形(xing)成的。但(dan)主要應(ying)是由產區群(qun)眾根(gen)據生活習(xi)慣及高能量飼料、自然(ran)環(huan)境與(yu)(yu)社會經濟(ji)等因素影響,經長期選(xuan)育(yu)而形(xing)成的這種早熟易肥(fei)、肉質細嫩、富含(han)脂肪(fang)的地方品種。
品種特征
閩北花豬(zhu)被毛(mao)(mao)細、稀(xi)、短(duan),頭中等大(da)小,額有(you)深淺、形狀不(bu)一(yi)的(de)皺紋,耳前傾下垂,頸短(duan)厚(hou),背腰(yao)寬,背多凹陷,腹(fu)大(da)下垂,臀寬而稍傾斜。毛(mao)(mao)色(se)為黑白(bai)(bai)斑塊相(xiang)間,分(fen)布不(bu)很一(yi)致,有(you)的(de)除四肢(zhi)、腹(fu)下部(bu)及尾端為白(bai)(bai)色(se)外,其余(yu)均(jun)為黑色(se);有(you)的(de)胸部(bu)、腹(fu)部(bu)、肩胛部(bu)和四肢(zhi)、尾端均(jun)為白(bai)(bai)色(se);有(you)的(de)肩部(bu)有(you)寬窄不(bu)一(yi)、兩側相(xiang)連或不(bu)連接的(de)白(bai)(bai)色(se)環帶,俗稱“花背甲”。
品種性能
據測定,6月齡后備母豬的平均體重為30.59公斤,體長77.16厘米,若飼養粗放,體重、體尺可能都達不到此值。閩北花豬中的母豬一般在產3~4胎后體型才穩定。成年母豬平均體(ti)(ti)重83.90公斤,體(ti)(ti)長113.00厘米,體(ti)(ti)高58.70厘米,胸(xiong)圍(wei)102.20厘米;成年公豬平均體(ti)(ti)重78.10公斤,體(ti)(ti)長110.90厘米,體(ti)(ti)高63.30厘米,胸(xiong)圍(wei)102.40厘米。公(gong)豬(zhu)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)較早,3月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)即有性(xing)行為(wei),一般在5~6月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)開始初(chu)配。母豬(zhu)在發情(qing)7~8次(ci)后,即8月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)、體重(zhong)40公(gong)斤左右(you)開始初(chu)次(ci)配種。初(chu)產(chan)母豬(zhu)平(ping)均(jun)產(chan)仔(zi)數為(wei)7.5頭,經(jing)產(chan)母豬(zhu)的(de)平(ping)均(jun)產(chan)仔(zi)數為(wei)8.77頭;每頭平(ping)均(jun)初(chu)生重(zhong)0.66公(gong)斤,30日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)窩重(zhong)為(wei)32.02公(gong)斤,60日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)斷奶窩重(zhong)為(wei)70.8公(gong)斤,哺育率達90.30%。
在青(qing)、粗飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)主的(de)飼(si)(si)養條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia),肥育豬從平均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)8.30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)開始,至66.30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)長成,平均(jun)日增重(zhong)(zhong)212克(ke),每增重(zhong)(zhong)1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)需青(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)11.63公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、粗料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)3.57公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),約折(zhe)合5個(ge)燕麥(mai)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)位(wei),在以米(mi)湯、剩飯和(he)泔水為(wei)主的(de)飼(si)(si)養條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia),增重(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)快,飼(si)(si)養6個(ge)月,體重(zhong)(zhong)達75.90公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),可出欄(lan)上(shang)市,每增重(zhong)(zhong)1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)消(xiao)耗精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.84公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、青(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.73公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、粗料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),約折(zhe)3.29個(ge)燕麥(mai)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)位(wei)。在不限量飼(si)(si)喂混(hun)合飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(組成為(wei)45%稻谷粉、30%麩皮、20%糠(kang)餅和(he)5%魚粉或黃豆粉,另加2%石粉和(he)1%食(shi)鹽)、上(shang)下(xia)午各(ge)投喂一次青(qing)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia),平均(jun)日增重(zhong)(zhong)367克(ke),每增重(zhong)(zhong)1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)消(xiao)耗精料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)4.79公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、青(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.82公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),折(zhe)合4.30個(ge)燕麥(mai)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)位(wei)。
平均體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)(wei)61.10公(gong)斤的(de)(de)肥(fei)育豬(zhu),其屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)為(wei)(wei)72.34%,體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)(wei)96.60公(gong)斤的(de)(de)肥(fei)育豬(zhu),屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)為(wei)(wei)75.16%,據7頭肥(fei)豬(zhu)的(de)(de)屠(tu)(tu)宰測定,3頭平均體(ti)(ti)重76(74~78)公(gong)斤,屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)為(wei)(wei)69.80%,背膘厚5.5厘(li)米,腹脂(zhi)占胴(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)重8.9%,后腿占胴(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)重的(de)(de)26.67%;4頭平均體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)(wei)100.63(87~111)公(gong)斤的(de)(de)肥(fei)豬(zhu),屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)為(wei)(wei)71.10%,背膘厚6.50厘(li)米,腹脂(zhi)占胴(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)重的(de)(de)9.00%,后腿占胴(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)重的(de)(de)25.93%。