產地環境
產區位(wei)于武(wu)夷山(shan)和(he)戴云山(shan)之間,閩江上(shang)游各源流貫其(qi)中,屬中亞熱帶(dai)農(nong)業氣(qi)(qi)候區。氣(qi)(qi)候溫和(he),雨量充沛。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫18~20.5℃,最冷月平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫8℃左(zuo)右,無霜期約300天,年(nian)降(jiang)水量1200~1500毫米。農(nong)作物(wu)以(yi)水稻、大(da)豆(dou)為主,甘薯次之。碎米、米糠等糧食加工(gong)副產品和(he)青(qing)綠(lv)多汁飼料豐富。
地理分布
閩北花豬廣泛(fan)分(fen)布在(zai)閩江上游的沙溪,富屯(tun)溪,建溪、尤溪兩岸(an)約15個縣(xian)、市。
品種形成
據說(shuo),閩北花豬(zhu)是由當(dang)地的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)小型花豬(zhu)與(yu)放竹排人從江西帶進的(de)花豬(zhu)雜交(jiao)后(hou)形成的(de)。但主(zhu)要應是由產區群眾根(gen)據生(sheng)活習慣及高能量飼料、自然環境與(yu)社會經濟(ji)等因素影(ying)響,經長(chang)期(qi)選育而形成的(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)早熟易(yi)肥、肉質(zhi)細(xi)嫩、富(fu)含脂肪(fang)的(de)地方品種(zhong)。
品種特征
閩北花豬被毛(mao)細、稀、短(duan),頭中(zhong)等(deng)大小,額有(you)(you)(you)深淺、形狀不一的皺(zhou)紋,耳前傾下(xia)垂(chui),頸短(duan)厚,背腰(yao)寬,背多(duo)凹陷,腹大下(xia)垂(chui),臀(tun)寬而(er)稍傾斜。毛(mao)色(se)(se)為黑白(bai)(bai)(bai)斑塊相間,分布不很一致,有(you)(you)(you)的除四(si)肢(zhi)、腹下(xia)部(bu)及尾(wei)端為白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)外,其余均(jun)(jun)為黑色(se)(se);有(you)(you)(you)的胸部(bu)、腹部(bu)、肩胛部(bu)和四(si)肢(zhi)、尾(wei)端均(jun)(jun)為白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se);有(you)(you)(you)的肩部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)寬窄(zhai)不一、兩側(ce)相連(lian)或不連(lian)接的白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)環(huan)帶,俗稱“花背甲”。
品種性能
據測定,6月齡后備母豬的平均體重為30.59公斤,體長77.16厘米,若飼養粗放,體重、體尺可能都達不到此值。閩北花豬中的母豬一般在產3~4胎后體型才穩定。成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母豬平均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)83.90公(gong)斤,體(ti)長113.00厘(li)米,體(ti)高58.70厘(li)米,胸圍(wei)102.20厘(li)米;成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)豬平均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)78.10公(gong)斤,體(ti)長110.90厘(li)米,體(ti)高63.30厘(li)米,胸圍(wei)102.40厘(li)米。公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)性(xing)成熟較早,3月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)左右(you)即有性(xing)行(xing)為(wei),一般在(zai)5~6月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)開始(shi)初配。母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)在(zai)發情7~8次后,即8月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)、體(ti)重(zhong)40公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左右(you)開始(shi)初次配種。初產(chan)母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)平均產(chan)仔數為(wei)7.5頭(tou),經產(chan)母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)的(de)平均產(chan)仔數為(wei)8.77頭(tou);每頭(tou)平均初生重(zhong)0.66公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),30日(ri)齡(ling)窩(wo)重(zhong)為(wei)32.02公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),60日(ri)齡(ling)斷奶窩(wo)重(zhong)為(wei)70.8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),哺育率達90.30%。
在青、粗(cu)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為主(zhu)的(de)飼(si)(si)養條件(jian)下(xia)(xia),肥育豬(zhu)從平(ping)均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)8.30公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)開始,至66.30公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)長成(cheng),平(ping)均(jun)日增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)212克(ke)(ke),每增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)1公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)需青料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)11.63公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、粗(cu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)3.57公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、精(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.23公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),約(yue)折(zhe)合5個(ge)燕麥飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)位,在以米湯、剩飯和(he)泔水為主(zhu)的(de)飼(si)(si)養條件(jian)下(xia)(xia),增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)較快,飼(si)(si)養6個(ge)月(yue),體(ti)重(zhong)達75.90公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),可出(chu)欄上市(shi),每增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)1公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)消耗精(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.84公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、青料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.73公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、粗(cu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.34公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),約(yue)折(zhe)3.29個(ge)燕麥飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)位。在不限量飼(si)(si)喂混合飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(組(zu)成(cheng)為45%稻(dao)谷粉(fen)、30%麩皮(pi)、20%糠餅和(he)5%魚粉(fen)或黃豆(dou)粉(fen),另加2%石粉(fen)和(he)1%食(shi)鹽)、上下(xia)(xia)午各投喂一(yi)次(ci)青飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia),平(ping)均(jun)日增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)367克(ke)(ke),每增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)1公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)消耗精(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)4.79公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、青料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.82公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),折(zhe)合4.30個(ge)燕麥飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)位。
平(ping)均體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61.10公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥育(yu)(yu)豬,其(qi)屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)72.34%,體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)96.60公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥育(yu)(yu)豬,屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)75.16%,據7頭(tou)肥豬的(de)(de)(de)(de)屠(tu)宰(zai)測定,3頭(tou)平(ping)均體(ti)(ti)重76(74~78)公斤(jin),屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)69.80%,背(bei)膘(biao)厚5.5厘(li)(li)米(mi),腹(fu)脂占(zhan)胴體(ti)(ti)重8.9%,后(hou)腿(tui)占(zhan)胴體(ti)(ti)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)26.67%;4頭(tou)平(ping)均體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100.63(87~111)公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥豬,屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)71.10%,背(bei)膘(biao)厚6.50厘(li)(li)米(mi),腹(fu)脂占(zhan)胴體(ti)(ti)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)9.00%,后(hou)腿(tui)占(zhan)胴體(ti)(ti)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)25.93%。