一.產品介紹
峨(e)(e)眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藤(teng)(teng)椒(jiao),又(you)名峨(e)(e)眉(mei)油椒(jiao)、峨(e)(e)眉(mei)香椒(jiao)子,花椒(jiao)珍品,獨產(chan)峨(e)(e)眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan),是四川(chuan)省 樂(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市的著名特產(chan),四川(chuan)的樂(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市、眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市均產(chan),其中以峨(e)(e)眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的藤(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)最為(wei)出(chu)名,由于其果實最為(wei)飽(bao)滿、芳香自然、出(chu)油率高,又(you)被稱(cheng)為(wei)“坨坨椒(jiao)”。
二(er).自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
(1)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:峨眉山市(shi)境內地(di)(di)貌類型多樣,地(di)(di)勢(shi)起(qi)伏(fu)大,以山地(di)(di)為(wei)主(zhu),占(zhan)(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)的58.7%,平壩區占(zhan)(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)的20.4%,丘陵占(zhan)(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)的20.9%,全(quan)市(shi)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紫壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、石灰石土、沖(chong)洪(hong)潮(chao)土,土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)pH值5.5—7.5,土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量7-13%;全(quan)氮含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)19.5-29.5%,全(quan)磷(lin)含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)14.8-25.7%,全(quan)速磷(lin)9.85ppm,全(quan)速鉀103ppm,土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量較其(qi)他區域高(gao),是形成藤椒品(pin)質(zhi)特殊的必要(yao)(yao)條件(jian)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:峨(e)(e)眉山(shan)市(shi)地處青衣江水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)之東、大渡河(he)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)之南,境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)發(fa)達(da),水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富,主(zhu)要河(he)流有(you)峨(e)(e)眉河(he)、臨(lin)江河(he)、龍池河(he)、花溪河(he)、石河(he),集水(shui)(shui)面積大于100平(ping)方公里。全市(shi)有(you)9座水(shui)(shui)庫(ku),其中觀音巖水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)最大。全市(shi)水(shui)(shui)質清澈、潔凈(jing),為(wei)工(gong)農經濟(ji)可持續(xu)發(fa)展創造了良好的(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源環境(jing)。(3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況:峨(e)(e)眉山(shan)市(shi)屬中亞熱(re)帶(dai)濕(shi)潤性季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量充(chong)沛,少日照,山(shan)區多云(yun)霧,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)潮濕(shi)。產(chan)地海拔在(zai)400—1000m之間,垂直氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)十分明顯(xian),平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)13—16℃之間,年平(ping)均(jun)降雨量1555.3mm,全年日照950小時(shi)左右,空氣(qi)(qi)相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)在(zai)80—90%之間,全年無霜期310天。獨(du)特的(de)濕(shi)度(du)(du)、溫(wen)度(du)(du)條(tiao)件利于藤(teng)椒生(sheng)長。
(4)人(ren)文歷史情況:藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)因其果實呈翠綠色,枝條(tiao)披(pi)散(san)類似藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)狀而(er)得(de)名(ming)。藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)本土(tu)樹種(zhong)(zhong),原藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)野生樹種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布在(zai)峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)白水(shui)寺(萬年寺)一帶(dai),至今已(yi)有(you)上百年歷史,且與峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)佛(fo)家(jia)飲食(shi)文化(hua)淵源甚廣,被(bei)佛(fo)家(jia)稱之(zhi)為(wei)“清心油”,被(bei)百姓視(shi)為(wei)調味珍品,用來(lai)贈送(song)貴客和(he)重大節日調味食(shi)用。 李白詩曰:“白云寺外藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)樹,根(gen)根(gen)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)上綴(zhui)慧珠。老僧識得(de)真面(mian)目(mu)(mu),當做(zuo)佛(fo)家(jia)清心油。”,東坡(po)(po)先生之(zhi)“東坡(po)(po)肘(zhou)子(zi)東坡(po)(po)羹(geng),所用物料皆平凡。但得(de)清心油一滴,此味勝過豪門宴。”,康熙楹(ying)聯“純純香味凈僧心,悠悠麻(ma)味傳真情。”種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)傳說(shuo)賦予了峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)豐富的(de)文化(hua)內涵,峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也以其獨(du)特(te)品質(zhi)而(er)聲(sheng)名(ming)遠揚。 歷年7-8月,藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟時(shi)節,素有(you)煉“峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油”的(de)習俗。藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)香味濃(nong)郁,麻(ma)味綿長,調味別具(ju)特(te)色,且具(ju)有(you)消(xiao)胃健(jian)脾、清熱解毒、散(san)寒(han)、散(san)淤活絡,軟化(hua)血脂(zhi),防治心腦血管疾病(bing),增強(qiang)食(shi)欲等功效。隨著經濟的(de)發展(zhan)和(he)人(ren)民(min)生活水(shui)平的(de)提高,峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產品快速進入(ru)調味品行業(ye)(ye)(ye),擁有(you)廣泛的(de)市場空間和(he)開發前景。2006年,峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)市政(zheng)府將藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)列入(ru)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)發展(zhan)規劃,出臺優惠政(zheng)策,鼓(gu)勵發展(zhan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產業(ye)(ye)(ye),目(mu)(mu)前,全市10多個(ge)鄉鎮發展(zhan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)植,面(mian)積已(yi)達1.2萬畝(mu),形成(cheng)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)經營(ying)規模,并力爭發展(zhan)到6萬畝(mu),成(cheng)為(wei)全國最(zui)大的(de)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)植基地, 2008年5月,峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)被(bei)四川(chuan)省質(zhi)量技術監督局列為(wei)“省級(ji)標準(zhun)化(hua)示范(fan)項目(mu)(mu)”。
三.地域范圍
峨(e)(e)眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藤椒地(di)(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍為峨(e)(e)眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市所轄行政區域的(de)9個(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(綏山(shan)(shan)(shan)、羅目、龍池、峨(e)(e)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、大為、符(fu)溪、雙福、高橋、勝(sheng)利(li))和6個(ge)(ge)鄉(龍門、川(chuan)主、沙溪、新坪(ping)、普興、黃灣)。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東(dong)(dong)經103°10′30″— 103°37′10″,北(bei)緯29°16′30″— 29°43′42″,海拔在(zai)400—1000米(mi)之間,保(bao)護范圍面積2000公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量(liang)1200噸(dun)。 峨(e)(e)眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市位于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)省西南(nan)部(bu)、四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)西南(nan)邊(bian)(bian)緣,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)與川(chuan)西平(ping)原(yuan)接壤,西南(nan)連接大小涼山(shan)(shan)(shan),是盆地(di)(di)(di)到(dao)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶。東(dong)(dong)西寬約(yue)25公(gong)里,南(nan)北(bei)長約(yue)46公(gong)里,似(si)不規則長方形。東(dong)(dong)鄰樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)市中區,南(nan)界峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)縣,西鄰洪雅,北(bei)與夾(jia)江接壤。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
(1)外(wai)在感官特征(zheng):峨眉山藤椒商品果為(wei)青綠色(se),成熟后為(wei)暗紅色(se),商品果香味獨特,麻(ma)味綿長,果穗長,果實較大,蓇葖(tu)果,表面(mian)疣(you)狀腺點大而(er)突出,有光澤。
(2)內在品質指標(biao):峨眉山(shan)藤椒含有(you)豐富酰胺(an)(an)類物(wu)質、烯類、醇類、醛類等成(cheng)分(fen),酰胺(an)(an)類物(wu)質(麻(ma)味物(wu)質)≥10mg/kg,使(shi)其呈現固(gu)有(you)的清香(xiang)味,麻(ma)味綿長,香(xiang)沁濃郁。
(3)安全要求:峨眉山藤(teng)椒嚴格標(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan),產(chan)品(pin)符合《無公害食品(pin) 香辛(xin)料》質(zhi)量要求。