石(shi)棉(mian)黃(huang)果柑,是四川省雅安(an)市石(shi)棉(mian)縣的著名(ming)特(te)產,該(gai)品呈(cheng)倒卵(luan)圓形,多平蒂,有(you)溝紋,果面(mian)橙黃(huang),有(you)光(guang)澤,油浸狀,果皮薄,易剝離,中(zhong)心柱空大,基本無核,肉質脆嫩(nen)化渣,多汁,酸(suan)甜爽口,微具香氣。
石(shi)棉(mian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地處四川省西(xi)南部,雅安市最南端(duan),東連(lian)漢源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian),南接越(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian),西(xi)依九龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、北(bei)與(yu)瀘定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)毗鄰(lin)。距離省會成都(dou)365公里,距雅安市城區(qu)210公里。石(shi)棉(mian)黃果柑是(shi)石(shi)棉(mian)地方特色水果,是(shi)柑桔(jie)中(zhong)的(de)一個(ge)桔(jie)橙天然雜交(jiao)品種,同(tong)時具(ju)備(bei)桔(jie)和(he)橙的(de)特性(xing),該品種具(ju)有(you)晚熟(shu)、基本無核、早結豐產、抗逆(ni)性(xing)強等優良(liang)經(jing)濟性(xing)狀(zhuang)。
石棉黃果(guo)柑果(guo)實(shi)(shi)呈倒卵圓形,單果(guo)重140-180g,多平蒂(di),有(you)溝(gou)紋,果(guo)面橙(cheng)黃,有(you)光澤,油(you)胞大而凸起,油(you)浸狀,果(guo)皮薄,易剝(bo)離,中心柱空大,基本無核(he),肉質脆嫩化渣,多汁(zhi),酸甜爽口,微具香氣,其可(ke)食率(lv)≥65%,可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物≥10.5%,總酸≤1.3 g/100ml,固(gu)酸比≥9。果(guo)實(shi)(shi)成熟晚,于翌年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬-3月(yue)(yue)(yue)中下旬成熟,可(ke)掛樹貯藏至4-5月(yue)(yue)(yue)采收(shou),畝收(shou)益(yi)達(da)15000-20000多元(yuan)。
石棉黃果(guo)柑(gan)(gan)為天然桔(jie)橙雜交種(zhong),因其(qi)果(guo)實(shi)外表色澤橙黃,形(xing)態及生理特征與(yu)桔(jie)相似,1956年四川(chuan)果(guo)樹調查組(zu)將其(qi)命(ming)名(ming)“黃果(guo)柑(gan)(gan)”。據(ju)山海經記(ji)載:“…其(qi)木多(duo)松(song)柏、多(duo)竹…;多(duo)橘(ju)。”在(zai)西南(nan)、華南(nan)及長江(jiang)流域一帶山地(di)尚有野生柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)類(lei)的分布(bu),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)金沙江(jiang)、大渡(du)河上游河谷地(di)帶有黃果(guo)(甜橙)、碰(peng)柑(gan)(gan)、馬蜂柑(gan)(gan)等(deng)大片原始生態群(qun)落景觀。
據民間流傳,石(shi)棉(mian)黃果(guo)(guo)柑起(qi)源于湖廣填(tian)四川,已(yi)有200多年(nian)歷史(shi)。調查(cha)表明早年(nian)黃果(guo)(guo)柑在石(shi)棉(mian)縣挖角鄉(xiang)下干(gan)池和新(xin)民鄉(xiang)大(da)馬村均有種(zhong)植,樹(shu)齡最長的(de)一株黃果(guo)(guo)柑約160年(nian)左右(2002年(nian)自然(ran)干(gan)枯死亡),現在縣內還(huan)存活著150年(nian)樹(shu)齡的(de)黃果(guo)(guo)柑樹(shu),生長結(jie)果(guo)(guo)良好。石(shi)棉(mian)黃果(guo)(guo)柑從1987年(nian)開始推(tui)廣,經(jing)過近20年(nian)的(de)發展,已(yi)初步建(jian)(jian)成了具有濃(nong)厚區域特色(se)的(de)優勢水果(guo)(guo)產業,成為石(shi)棉(mian)縣農(nong)民增收致富和建(jian)(jian)設社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)村的(de)支柱產業。
地域范圍
石棉(mian)黃果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保(bao)護范圍為四川省雅安市石棉(mian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內豐樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宰羊(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、迎政鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、美羅鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、永和鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新棉(mian)鎮(zhen)、回(hui)隆(long)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、擦羅鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、安順(shun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、先(xian)鋒鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新民鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、挖角(jiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、田(tian)灣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)44個村,海拔(ba)1200米以下地(di)(di)域,地(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)東經101°56′-102°34′,北(bei)緯(wei)28°51′-29°31′,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境東連(lian)漢源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),南接越西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),西依(yi)九龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、北(bei)與瀘定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)毗鄰。石棉(mian)黃果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)主(zhu)產區東起豐樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)田(tian)家河壩、西至先(xian)鋒鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)金坪,南接擦羅鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)福(fu)龍(long)村, 北(bei)起田(tian)灣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)幸福(fu)村,保(bao)護面積2000公頃,年(nian)產量6萬噸。