產品介紹
康定芫根,是(shi)四(si)川省甘孜藏族自治州(zhou)康定縣的著名特(te)產,該品(pin)呈扁圓形(xing),表皮光滑(hua),無裂口,單(dan)個重(zhong)250g以(yi)上,肉質致密,脆嫩,微甜,有辛(xin)辣味,具(ju)有味甘性(xing)溫(wen)、清熱解暑(shu)、滋(zi)補增氧、明目(mu)利(li)濕、開胃(wei)消食(shi)、解醉醒(xing)酒、減(jian)肥的作用。
自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情況: 地貌(mao)特征:康(kang)定縣(xian)位(wei)于甘孜州(zhou)東(dong)(dong)部(bu),地處四川(chuan)盆地西(xi)緣山(shan)地和(he)青藏高(gao)(gao)(gao)原的過渡地帶,地勢由(you)西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)傾斜。大(da)雪山(shan)中段(duan)的海(hai)子山(shan)、折多(duo)山(shan)、貢嘎(ga)山(shan)由(you)北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)縱貫(guan)全境,將(jiang)其分為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩大(da)部(bu)份(fen),東(dong)(dong)部(bu)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)峽谷(gu),多(duo)數(shu)山(shan)峰(feng)在(zai)5000米(mi)以(yi)上,“天(tian)府(fu)第一峰(feng)”貢嘎(ga)山(shan)在(zai)縣(xian)境東(dong)(dong)南(nan)沿,海(hai)拔7556米(mi),峽谷(gu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)約3500米(mi)以(yi)上;西(xi)部(bu)和(he)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)丘狀高(gao)(gao)(gao)原及高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)深(shen)谷(gu)區。 土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型特征:土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型為(wei)山(shan)地褐土(tu)(tu),pH值(zhi)6.6-7.5,有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)1.25%,堿解氮(dan)158.7ppm,速(su)效磷65.4ppm,速(su)效鉀在(zai)185.9ppm以(yi)上,即堿解氮(dan)和(he)速(su)效鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)豐富,速(su)效磷中等,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)地疏松(song),通透性(xing)好,耕作層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou),養(yang)分含(han)(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。
(2)水(shui)文情況:康定(ding)縣位于(yu)大渡河東岸, 大渡河北(bei)(bei)流經(jing)東北(bei)(bei)部,納康定(ding)河出(chu)境,境內(nei)長達81.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。立曲(河)縱貫西北(bei)(bei)部,匯數十條溪流于(yu)西南,全長194公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。康定(ding)芫根主要分布于(yu)大渡河支流-金湯(tang)銀廠(chang)河兩岸,小溪密(mi)集,水(shui)系發育,水(shui)源豐(feng)富,水(shui)質好無(wu)污染。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:康定受(shou)干旱河谷(gu)氣(qi)候(hou)影響明顯。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫7.0℃,最(zui)低溫度-14.7℃,最(zui)高溫度27.2℃,年(nian)日(ri)照數1738h,無霜(shuang)期177d。康定芫根(gen)產地海(hai)拔均(jun)在1800m至3500m之(zhi)間(jian),日(ri)照時間(jian)長,光合(he)作用充分,早晚(wan)溫差大(da),有(you)利(li)芫根(gen)生長。
(4)人文(wen)歷(li)史情況(kuang):康(kang)定(ding)(ding)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)是蕪菁(jing)的(de)直根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)分,別(bie)名蔓菁(jing),圓根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen),盤菜(cai),生長(chang)在海拔1800米以上雪域高寒山(shan)區,是高原上的(de)主要蔬(shu)菜(cai)之(zhi)一(yi)。康(kang)定(ding)(ding)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)栽(zai)培歷(li)史悠久,有文(wen)字記(ji)載(zai)的(de)歷(li)史可(ke)追朔到1000多(duo)年(nian)前的(de)唐(tang)朝時期(qi),據藏(zang)文(wen)史書(shu)《王統(tong)世(shi)系明鑒》記(ji)載(zai),文(wen)成公主入藏(zang)時,帶去了蔓菁(jing)(即芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen))等作物品種(zhong)。 相(xiang)傳在清(qing)順治年(nian)間,康(kang)定(ding)(ding)安覺寺(si)建(jian)成后,選擇燃燈(deng)(deng)節(農歷(li)十(shi)月二十(shi)五(wu)日)開光,當時用(yong)于(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)的(de)銅、銀質燈(deng)(deng)盞(zhan)不(bu)(bu)夠,于(yu)(yu)是便將本地盛產(chan)的(de)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)剜空,制成芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)燈(deng)(deng)來供(gong)(gong)奉(feng),解(jie)(jie)了燃眉之(zhi)急。這個方法被沿襲(xi)至今(jin),每年(nian)十(shi)月二十(shi)五(wu)日這天,康(kang)定(ding)(ding)百姓就(jiu)使用(yong)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)來制作“芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)燈(deng)(deng)”,點起酥油(you)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)神靈(ling),用(yong)以舉(ju)行盛大(da)的(de)燃燈(deng)(deng)會,所(suo)以康(kang)定(ding)(ding)的(de)燃燈(deng)(deng)會又叫“芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)會”,從清(qing)順治年(nian)間一(yi)直延續至今(jin)香(xiang)火不(bu)(bu)斷(duan),是康(kang)定(ding)(ding)盛大(da)的(de)宗教儀式和(he)游客(ke)們(men)向往的(de)盛事。 康(kang)定(ding)(ding)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)在藏(zang)語中(zhong)被稱為“康(kang)定(ding)(ding)妞媽”,由于(yu)(yu)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)具有味甘性溫(wen)、清(qing)熱解(jie)(jie)暑、滋補增氧、明目(mu)利濕、開胃(wei)消食、解(jie)(jie)醉醒酒、減肥的(de)作用(yong),深受百姓喜(xi)愛!炎(yan)炎(yan)夏日,藏(zang)區人民居家外出(chu)總忘(wang)不(bu)(bu)了備(bei)上一(yi)些“康(kang)定(ding)(ding)妞媽”用(yong)來解(jie)(jie)渴,甚至把它視為一(yi)種(zhong)水果食用(yong)。據現(xian)代科(ke)學(xue)研究發現(xian),芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)含豐富的(de)糖類、粗蛋白、纖維素、維生素等,常食用(yong)對人體非常有益(yi),且可(ke)以緩解(jie)(jie)高原反應。 2009年(nian)5月,芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系列產(chan)品在成都四川(chuan)“三川(chuan)”地震災區農產(chan)品展銷會期(qi)間,深受消費者好評。四川(chuan)省委省政府(fu)十(shi)分重視康(kang)定(ding)(ding)芫(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)的(de)發展,并(bing)要求康(kang)定(ding)(ding)縣繼(ji)續搞好產(chan)品質量,突(tu)出(chu)高原特色,擴大(da)規模產(chan)業化(hua)種(zhong)植,走(zou)可(ke)持續發展之(zhi)路。
地域范圍
康定(ding)(ding)芫根農(nong)產品地(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)域保護范圍為四川省甘孜州(zhou)康定(ding)(ding)縣所轄(xia)行(xing)政(zheng)區域的(de)西(xi)北部(bu),包括三合(he)鄉(xiang)、捧塔(ta)鄉(xiang)、金湯鄉(xiang),海拔1800米至3500米,地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經(jing)101°33′-102°38′,北緯29°39′-30°45′,保護面積238公頃,年產量9000噸。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官(guan)特(te)征(zheng):康定(ding)芫根為蕪菁的直根部分,扁圓形(xing),重達250g以上,表皮光滑,微甜,有辛辣(la)味,肉質(zhi)較致(zhi)密、脆嫩;葉辛辣(la),微苦。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標(biao):康定芫根富含蛋白質、粗纖(xian)維、鈣、磷、鐵和微生素等多種(zhong)需營養(yang)成分。