馬頭羊(yang)體型(xing)高大,軀體較長,胸部深(shen)厚,胸圍(wei)肥大,行走似馬,是全國(guo)畜禽新發(fa)掘的優良肉用(yong)型(xing)山(shan)羊(yang)品種。
羊名來源
羊無角、頭似馬(ma)頭,群(qun)眾稱馬(ma)羊而(er)定(ding)名,已被(bei)農業部列為"九(jiu)五(wu)"期間國家重點推(tui)廣(guang)的畜禽良(liang)種之一。
主產地區
馬頭(tou)羊(yang)分布(bu)于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)南、湖(hu)(hu)北兩省(sheng),主要產于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)北省(sheng)的鄖西縣(xian)、湖(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)的芷(zhi)江、石門、新晃等縣(xian)。馬頭(tou)羊(yang)適應性廣、合(he)群性強、易于(yu)管理,丘陵山地、河(he)灘湖(hu)(hu)坡、農家庭(ting)院、草地均可牧養(yang)。華中、西南、云貴高原等地引種牧養(yang),表現良好,經濟(ji)效益顯著。
生物特征
馬頭羊(yang)體(ti)型(xing)高(gao)大,軀體(ti)較長,胸(xiong)(xiong)部深厚,胸(xiong)(xiong)圍肥大,行走似(si)馬。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)周歲羊(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)25-30公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin);成年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)40-50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),重(zhong)的可達60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)上;一(yi)般(ban)(ban)成年(nian)母羊(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)為(wei)35-40公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),重(zhong)的可達55公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。馬頭羊(yang)繁殖率強,一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在6-7月齡開始配種(zhong),產(chan)后(hou)第一(yi)次發(fa)情(qing)為(wei)18-24天(tian),持續2-4天(tian),發(fa)情(qing)周期為(wei)17-21天(tian),平均為(wei)18天(tian)。懷孕期為(wei)147-151天(tian);一(yi)般(ban)(ban)二(er)年(nian)三胎,或一(yi)年(nian)二(er)胎,每胎產(chan)1-4羔,平均胎羔1.83只(zhi)。
馬頭羊屠宰率高(gao),母(mu)羊出肉率為(wei)49.3%,羯羊可達53.3%,且脂(zhi)肪分布均勻(yun),肉質(zhi)細嫩,味道鮮美,膻氣小、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含(han)量高(gao),脂(zhi)肪和(he)膽(dan)固醇含(han)量很低。
馬(ma)頭羊(yang)歷來是滋陰壯陽(yang)的(de)(de)佳品(pin),藥用價(jia)值極(ji)高(gao)。《本草綱目》載:"羊(yang)肉(rou)能暖(nuan)(nuan)中(zhong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)、補(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)益氣、開胃(wei)(wei)健力。"金人(ren)(ren)李果說:羊(yang)肉(rou)有型之物。能補(bu)(bu)(bu)有形肌肉(rou)之氣,故曰"補(bu)(bu)(bu)可去(qu)弱(ruo)。人(ren)(ren)參(can)羊(yang)肉(rou)之屬人(ren)(ren)參(can)補(bu)(bu)(bu)氣,羊(yang)肉(rou)補(bu)(bu)(bu)形。凡味同羊(yang)肉(rou)者(zhe),皆(jie)補(bu)(bu)(bu)血虛(xu)(xu)(xu)益陽(yang)生(sheng)則陰長也。" 祖國(guo)醫學認為其(qi)性味甘溫,入脾(pi)腎經,有益補(bu)(bu)(bu)氣補(bu)(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)、溫中(zhong)暖(nuan)(nuan)下之功效(xiao),因而可用于(yu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)癆羸瘦、腰(yao)膝酸(suan)痛(tong)、產后虛(xu)(xu)(xu)冷、腹(fu)痛(tong)寒(han)疝、中(zhong)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)反胃(wei)(wei)等病癥的(de)(de)治療。
一些中醫(yi)學實踐證明(ming)(ming):鄖西(xi)馬頭羊,血可(ke)治跌(die)打損傷,肝可(ke)益血明(ming)(ming)目,腎能助陽生精益腦,膽(dan)有清火明(ming)(ming)目的功(gong)效。用肉骨煮(zhu)湯對老年體弱、氣血虧虛、風寒濕(shi)痹等(deng)癥滋(zi)補作用十(shi)分明(ming)(ming)顯。