一.產品介紹
東沙河村有(you)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果樹的習慣。早在(zai)清(qing)末民初就有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植檳、沙果、杏、李子(zi)、葡萄等樹。唐杏從上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀八十年代初開(kai)始零星引進(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,以庭院(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植為主(zhu),到(dao)上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀末開(kai)始大面積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,截(jie)止到(dao)2014年,已(yi)發展到(dao)666.7公頃,成為晉(jin)北遠近聞名的唐杏種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:產(chan)地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型為中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)耕種灌於栗褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)性土(tu)(tu)(tu),質地(di)適中(zhong),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥沃。據(ju)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)化驗,耕地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質在(zai)0.8-1.1%之(zhi)間(jian),含(han)氮0.06-0.08%,速效(xiao)磷(lin)15-20ppm,速效(xiao)鉀85-123ppm,農(nong)民施肥水平也(ye)比較高,據(ju)調查(cha),平均每年(nian)畝施有(you)(you)機肥3000-5000公斤,氮肥(純N)10-15公斤,磷(lin)肥(五氧(yang)化二磷(lin))6-12公斤,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)養分能夠滿足(zu)唐杏(xing)生長發育的需求(qiu)。天鎮唐杏(xing)產(chan)地(di)地(di)處天陽盆地(di)東(dong)部,南(nan)(nan)洋河南(nan)(nan)岸(an)二級階地(di)上,北(bei)有(you)(you)馬鞍山(shan),南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)孤(gu)峰山(shan),東(dong)有(you)(you)丘陵區,形成北(bei)、東(dong)、南(nan)(nan)高、中(zhong)間(jian)低的地(di)形特(te)征,具有(you)(you)唐杏(xing)生產(chan)獨特(te)的地(di)理環境。且(qie)產(chan)地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)平整(zheng)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥沃、地(di)下(xia)水源豐富,是唐杏(xing)生產(chan)的理想產(chan)地(di)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):該(gai)村(cun)(cun)地處季馮窯(yao)洪(hong)積扇中(zhong)下(xia)游部和三沙河(he)古河(he)道區(qu)域,屬平川區(qu)松散巖類孔隙水(shui)(shui)區(qu)中(zhong)沖積平原(yuan)弱(ruo)、中(zhong)等富水(shui)(shui)區(qu)的(de)淺埋(mai)弱(ruo)中(zhong)等富水(shui)(shui)區(qu)。0-100米(mi)(mi)深度(du)(du)(du)內(nei),村(cun)(cun)南含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)巖性(xing)以(yi)卵礫(li)石為主,厚度(du)(du)(du)60-70米(mi)(mi),村(cun)(cun)北以(yi)礫(li)石、粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)為主,含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)厚50-60米(mi)(mi)。100-200米(mi)(mi)深度(du)(du)(du)內(nei),含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)40-50米(mi)(mi),巖性(xing)以(yi)粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)礫(li)石為主。200-300米(mi)(mi)深度(du)(du)(du)內(nei),含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)35-40米(mi)(mi),巖性(xing)以(yi)粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)為主。據24米(mi)(mi)至80米(mi)(mi)深井孔揭露,水(shui)(shui)位埋(mai)深一般6-12米(mi)(mi),最淺3米(mi)(mi),含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)主要巖性(xing)有細砂(sha)(sha)、中(zhong)細砂(sha)(sha)、中(zhong)粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)、粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)。新中(zhong)國經多(duo)年(nian)地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)開采,水(shui)(shui)位平均降深5.5-15.5米(mi)(mi),三沙河(he)多(duo)年(nian)平均徑流量(liang)949萬立(li)方米(mi)(mi),洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)50萬立(li)方米(mi)(mi),年(nian)均采砂(sha)(sha)量(liang)200萬噸。局部0-15米(mi)(mi)間有咸水(shui)(shui)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:產地區(qu)域氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬于(yu)半干旱溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),夏季(ji)受東南(nan)氣(qi)(qi)流控制,多東南(nan)風,且(qie)炎熱多雨(yu);冬季(ji)受西北氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)控制,多西北風,且(qie)寒(han)冷少雪,全(quan)年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)6.5℃,最(zui)高為(wei)(wei)七月份(fen),21.5℃,最(zui)低為(wei)(wei)一月份(fen),-10.2℃,全(quan)年大于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)10℃的活動積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)2829℃,無霜期為(wei)(wei)125天左右(you),全(quan)年降雨(yu)量為(wei)(wei)401mm,其中6-9四(si)個月為(wei)(wei)323.8mm,占全(quan)年降水量81%。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點是雨(yu)熱同期,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差大(10-15℃),非常(chang)有(you)利于(yu)唐杏(xing)的生長(chang)與糖分(fen)的積累。
4、人文歷(li)史情(qing)況(kuang):東沙(sha)河村有栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果樹的習慣(guan)。早在清末民初就有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)檳、沙(sha)果、杏、李子、葡萄等樹。唐(tang)杏從(cong)上(shang)世(shi)紀八十年代初開始零(ling)星引進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),以庭院種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)為主,到(dao)(dao)上(shang)世(shi)紀末開始大面積(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),截止到(dao)(dao)2007年,已發展到(dao)(dao)1萬畝(mu),成為晉(jin)北(bei)遠近聞名的唐(tang)杏種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)。
三.地域范圍
天鎮唐杏生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)特定區(qu)(qu)域位(wei)于天鎮縣(xian)西部平川(chuan)區(qu)(qu),距(ju)縣(xian)治西南6公(gong)里,以東沙河(he)(he)村(cun)為(wei)主(zhu)的南河(he)(he)堡(bao)全鄉范圍,地理位(wei)置(zhi)在(zai)東經114°02′12″-114°02′53″,北緯40°22′22″-40°23′01″,海拔1021-1033米,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)面積(ji)666.7公(gong)頃,年生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)總量300萬公(gong)斤。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在特(te)征:天鎮唐杏單果(guo)重150-170g,果(guo)形圓潤(run),果(guo)面(mian)黃(huang)色,硬脆爽口(kou)(kou),口(kou)(kou)感細嫩,果(guo)實肉厚,豐味甘美,酸甜(tian)適口(kou)(kou),營(ying)養豐富,并有較高(gao)的藥用價值。
2、內在品質:杏肉中含糖、蛋白(bai)質、鈣、磷、胡(hu)蘿卜素、維生(sheng)素B、維生(sheng)素C、核黃(huang)素、尼(ni)克酸等。
3、安(an)全要求:唐杏產品標準嚴格按(an)照NY5112-2005無(wu)公害食品、落葉核果(guo)類果(guo)品執行。
五.特定(ding)生產(chan)方(fang)式
1、產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內(nei)容規定:唐杏(xing)選(xuan)擇在(zai)光照充足,土層深(shen)厚,土壤比較肥沃,且能灌(guan)能排(pai)的地(di)(di)方種(zhong)植,因此在(zai)周(zhou)圍(wei)山(shan)丘區建園選(xuan)擇背風向陽,避開風口和山(shan)坡的凹地(di)(di)和槽谷地(di)(di),以免花期(qi)受(shou)到晚霜危害,平川(chuan)區建園選(xuan)擇在(zai)排(pai)灌(guan)方便的壤質(zhi)土耕地(di)(di)。同(tong)時(shi)產(chan)地(di)(di)空(kong)氣(qi)清新,灌(guan)溉水(shui)和土壤都沒(mei)有污染。唐杏(xing)產(chan)地(di)(di)周(zhou)圍(wei)10公里內(nei)沒(mei)有工礦(kuang)企業污染,遠(yuan)離“三(san)廢”污染,遠(yuan)離醫院和生活區,歷史上不曾堆填過“三(san)廢”。
2、品(pin)種選(xuan)擇:天鎮(zhen)唐杏品(pin)種選(xuan)擇單果重150-170g,果形(xing)圓(yuan)潤(run),果面黃色,硬脆爽口,口感細嫩(nen),果實肉厚,豐(feng)味甘美,酸甜適(shi)口,營養豐(feng)富,適(shi)合當地種植的品(pin)種。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管理(li):天(tian)(tian)鎮地(di)(di)(di)(di)處高(gao)(gao)寒冷涼(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)極少。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)縣中心(xin)測報(bao)(bao)(bao)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)測預(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)結合(he)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)歷年(nian)(nian)病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情況,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)先進實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),加上(shang)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)老百姓積(ji)累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)土治(zhi)(zhi)經驗,控制(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)蔓(man)延,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)結合(he)、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、對(dui)癥下藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、適(shi)期(qi)(qi)適(shi)量用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),大(da)力推廣農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),搞好清潔田(tian)園,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)熟悉病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)種(zhong)類,了解農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性質(zhi),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)水平,宣傳科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),科學(xue)排灌。及(ji)時了解掌(zhang)握(wo)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)預(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)信息,預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)對(dui)花期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凍害(hai)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),推廣葉面追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)控制(zhi)種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)來源(yuan),種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位必(bi)須(xu)(xu)具備種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)縣調苗(miao)(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),本(ben)縣調苗(miao)(miao)(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)縣國營苗(miao)(miao)(miao)圃和(he)(he)花木苗(miao)(miao)(miao)圃為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),外(wai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)調苗(miao)(miao)(miao)需附有(you)種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)質(zhi)量合(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)檢(jian)疫證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)按(an)照國家頒布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)理(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》和(he)(he)《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安全使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing);在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘(can)留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)國家明文規(gui)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)得在(zai)杏樹上(shang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao);設(she)(she)有(you)專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)倉(cang)庫和(he)(he)保(bao)管人員(yuan);保(bao)管人員(yuan)核對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量、品種(zhong)和(he)(he)“三證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”后,方(fang)可(ke)入庫;盡(jin)量減少化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),積(ji)極使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),配(pei)(pei)合(he)檢(jian)測部門(men)控制(zhi)好杏樹農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)留超標(biao);根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情況和(he)(he)縣中心(xin)測報(bao)(bao)(bao)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲情報(bao)(bao)(bao),指導用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)適(shi)期(qi)(qi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)癥下藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),并注(zhu)意(yi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交替(ti)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao);嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)掌(zhang)握(wo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi),上(shang)市唐杏必(bi)須(xu)(xu)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)之外(wai);不(bu)(bu)(bu)擅自提(ti)高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度,增加農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量及(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)數;及(ji)時做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)間檔(dang)案記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)檔(dang)案做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)完整、真實(shi),并按(an)樹種(zhong)分別記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)稱(cheng)、登(deng)記(ji)(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)號(hao)、劑型、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象、時間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量、次(ci)數、安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)。嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)合(he)理(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze);根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)唐杏生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長需要實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)平衡施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)經過(guo)無害(hai)化處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及(ji)配(pei)(pei)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)配(pei)(pei)比合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無機(ji)(ji)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則(ze):以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),輔以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其它肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao);以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多元(yuan)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),單(dan)元(yuan)素肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔;以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔;盡(jin)量限(xian)制(zhi)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);最(zui)后一(yi)次(ci)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)收(shou)獲(huo)前30天(tian)(tian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing);及(ji)時做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)間檔(dang)案記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)檔(dang)案應(ying)完整、真實(shi),內(nei)容(rong)包(bao)括肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)名(ming)稱(cheng)、登(deng)記(ji)(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)號(hao)、類型、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法、次(ci)數等(deng)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)按(an)種(zhong)類不(bu)(bu)(bu)同分開堆放于(yu)(yu)干(gan)燥、陰涼(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倉(cang)庫等(deng)場(chang)所;避免因環(huan)境(jing)因素造(zao)成肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力損失和(he)(he)環(huan)境(jing)污染;外(wai)來肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)要是“三證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”(產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品登(deng)記(ji)(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)檢(jian)驗合(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng))俱全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品;不(bu)(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)市生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);設(she)(she)立專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)員(yuan)負責杏樹生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)時操作記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu);及(ji)時做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好各類農(nong)(nong)時操作記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品銷售記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu);記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)需妥善保(bao)存1年(nian)(nian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利可(ke)追(zhui)溯(su)性檢(jian)查。禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)有(you)嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學(xue)制(zhi)劑;有(you)計劃(hua)地(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)定杏樹病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與節水灌溉措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi);及(ji)時回收(shou)園內(nei)廢棄(qi)農(nong)(nong)膜(mo)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)空(kong)瓶等(deng),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)造(zao)成污染,借退耕還林還草政策(ce),搞好環(huan)境(jing)綠化,在(zai)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)內(nei)營造(zao)天(tian)(tian)敵(di)誘集環(huan)境(jing),增加天(tian)(tian)敵(di)種(zhong)群和(he)(he)數量;積(ji)極配(pei)(pei)合(he)上(shang)級有(you)關部門(men)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)測。
4、產品收獲:食用(yong)杏采收使(shi)用(yong)采果籃墊上(shang)襯(chen)紙,同一棵樹由(you)下而上(shang)、由(you)外(wai)而內、輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放、分期(qi)采收。唐杏成熟上(shang)市(shi)前,進行農藥、亞硝酸鹽(yan)、重金屬殘留速測,合格(ge)后安(an)排上(shang)市(shi);檢測人員(yuan)經考核合格(ge),持證(zheng)上(shang)崗,熟悉掌握所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)儀器性能和操作(zuo)方法,嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)有關(guan)標準和各種檢驗規(gui)章(zhang)制度開展工(gong)作(zuo);檢驗人員(yuan)必須對每一個檢測數(shu)據負(fu)責(ze),減(jian)少人為誤差(cha);儀器設備(bei)要定(ding)期(qi)檢查、維(wei)修、校正。積極接受(shou)農業(ye)、質檢等部門組織的(de)(de)農產品質量安(an)全檢查。
5、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄要求:為保(bao)證唐(tang)杏的質量(liang),該合作社(she)建立(li)了唐(tang)杏生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)質量(liang)安全制度。具體為各基地(di)負責(ze)自己(ji)產(chan)地(di)的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),投入(ru)品實行統一(yi)定(ding)點采購(gou),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)活動(dong)有記錄,產(chan)品質量(liang)安全可追(zhui)溯(su)等;產(chan)品實行統一(yi)收購(gou)外銷(xiao),要求做到收購(gou)、分揀、包裝、預冷、運輸(shu)整個銷(xiao)售活動(dong)清(qing)潔、衛生(sheng)(sheng)、無(wu)污(wu)染(ran),并且有記錄在案,同時對消(xiao)費者做出質量(liang)安全的承(cheng)諾(nuo)。