一.產品介紹
廣(guang)(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)的(de)來源,無歷史(shi)記載(zai),傳(chuan)說不(bu)一,據(ju)縣(xian)(xian)志(見附件)記載(zai),早在200年(nian)以(yi)前(qian),驢(lv)就(jiu)列為廣(guang)(guang)靈縣(xian)(xian)大(da)牲畜之一,因當時靈丘、陽(yang)原(yuan)來廣(guang)(guang)靈買(mai)驢(lv)的(de)販(fan)子較多,到民國后期(qi),主要(yao)分(fen)布在廣(guang)(guang)靈、靈丘、陽(yang)原(yuan)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)周(zhou)圍。我縣(xian)(xian)的(de)產(chan)驢(lv)區(qu)中心以(yi)加斗、蕉山(shan)、王洼(wa)、南村(cun)、城關公(gong)社密度較大(da),戶均(jun)5頭。 廣(guang)(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)的(de)傳(chuan)說及(ji)故事(shi):
1、據(ju)云南到(dao)廣(guang)靈(ling)做買賣的(de)生意人傳(chuan)說(shuo),廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)(lv)真是厲害(hai),被云南某驢(lv)(lv)場購進后,在一次山(shan)區放(fang)牧中(zhong),遇見一只老虎(hu),放(fang)牧人危恐(kong)老虎(hu)撲向(xiang)驢(lv)(lv)群(qun),這(zhe)時(shi)驢(lv)(lv)群(qun)中(zhong)的(de)公種驢(lv)(lv)跑到(dao)最前(qian)面,放(fang)聲宏亮的(de)叫(jiao)了起來,把老虎(hu)給嚇跑了。
2、據從(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)一(yi)(yi)直干獸醫(yi)、站長(chang)、副局(ju)長(chang)、局(ju)長(chang)崗位29年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)史寶洲介紹說,他小(xiao)時(shi)候聽民(min)間(jian)講述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)什么時(shi)間(jian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)叫為(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)(de)。早在(zai)300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,因它的(de)(de)(de)內耳、眼圈(quan)、嘴頭(tou)、前胸、肚底長(chang)為(wei)(wei)白色,被(bei)(bei)毛為(wei)(wei)黑色,形如美麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)眉(mei)鳥(niao),所(suo)以(yi)人(ren)民(min)群眾從(cong)那時(shi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)叫驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)歷史文(wen)獻、著作(zuo)(zuo)等有關資料:從(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi),山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)科研所(suo)與省(sheng)(sheng)農學院(yuan)協作(zuo)(zuo),對(dui)(dui)全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)進行了(le)全(quan)(quan)面調(diao)查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)寫的(de)(de)(de)《山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)畜(chu)家(jia)禽(qin)(qin)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)圖譜(pu)》一(yi)(yi)書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)有廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉(liu)開(kai)(kai)基(ji)(ji)副省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)工作(zuo)(zuo)會議總(zong)結報告中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)講到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)、聞喜為(wei)(wei)優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)繁(fan)殖基(ji)(ji)地縣(xian)(會后正式由山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)下(xia)發(fa)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)),確定(ding)西(xi)(xi)(xi)加斗、王洼莊(zhuang)、南(nan)岳莊(zhuang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)宜興、將(jiang)官莊(zhuang)、張家(jia)洼等51個(ge)村,為(wei)(wei)繁(fan)殖基(ji)(ji)地村。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)培育畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工作(zuo)(zuo),從(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,先后聘請山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)農學院(yuan)養(yang)馬(驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv))專家(jia)朱先煌、許金友,省(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)校校長(chang)于(yu)(yu)大甲等教授(shou)和(he)畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)委(wei)的(de)(de)(de)同志鑒定(ding)。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)由山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)農學院(yuan)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)系和(he)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)牧(mu)局(ju)共同編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)寫了(le)資料匯編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)《山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)1日,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)育種(zhong)(zhong)技術經(jing)驗交流會從(cong)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏縣(xian)轉到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)繼續開(kai)(kai)會,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)馬匹畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)委(wei)員會的(de)(de)(de)6個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)研究所(suo)和(he)本省(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)直單(dan)位、院(yuan)校、12個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)代表共75人(ren)(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)),對(dui)(dui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)培育和(he)精心飼養(yang)給予高(gao)度評價。并(bing)于(yu)(yu)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)通(tong)過(guo)了(le)技術鑒定(ding)(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian))。將(jiang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)四大優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之一(yi)(yi)。對(dui)(dui)其中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)高(gao)1.6米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),認定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之最,世界(jie)亦屬罕見(jian),當時(shi)參會人(ren)員就(jiu)叫這頭(tou)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)王(見(jian)圖片)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)載入(ru)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)《馬驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)志》一(yi)(yi)書(shu)(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)共舉辦了(le)三屆畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)評賽(sai)大會(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場于(yu)(yu)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)被(bei)(bei)列入(ru)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)(guo)營種(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)場名單(dan)內(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian))。
據縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)牧獸醫局(ju)統(tong)計,從六十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初到(dao)現在,全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共有(you)24個省(sheng)、市(shi)(shi)自治區(qu)和本省(sheng)38個市(shi)(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、區(qu)累計從廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)調出優種(zhong)(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)3560多頭(tou)。據本縣(xian)(xian)(xian)蕉山鄉東(dong)崖頭(tou)村尉(wei)金講述:“廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)向越南民主共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口(kou)種(zhong)(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)3頭(tou),種(zhong)(zhong)母驢(lv)(lv)(lv)7頭(tou),組織上(shang)選派他(ta)和另外(wai)兩(liang)人(ren)與雁北(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)畜(chu)牧局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)3位同(tong)志(zhi)一(yi)起用汽車、火車護(hu)送到(dao)越南國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境內”。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)這一(yi)優良驢(lv)(lv)(lv)種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)其特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)用、役用、肉用價值,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)皮是(shi)阿膠藥(yao)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)主要原料,有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用價值,因此廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)馳名中外(wai),譽(yu)滿(man)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)農業(ye)部第662號公告確定廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級畜(chu)禽遺(yi)傳資源保(bao)護(hu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府召開了(le)(le)“首屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)文化節”(見(jian)(jian)圖片(pian))。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)第一(yi)批(pi)獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)范圍。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)(chang)獲得廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)養(yang)殖協會,已將廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)報送國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)商標(biao)局(ju)注冊(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件)。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)農業(ye)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隨著農業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)步(bu)調整,傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)谷子和豆類種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴大(da),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)谷子的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積從二OO一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)3.5萬(wan)畝(mu),上(shang)升到(dao)10萬(wan)畝(mu),豆類面(mian)(mian)積也上(shang)升到(dao)4.5萬(wan)畝(mu)。再加上(shang)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)32萬(wan)畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)玉米秸桿,還(huan)有(you)天然草(cao)場(chang)(chang),人(ren)工種(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)也逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴大(da),飼草(cao)、飼料為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)穩定發(fa)展(zhan)具備了(le)(le)雄(xiong)厚的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)基礎。更是(shi)開辟了(le)(le)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)人(ren)民致富的(de)(de)(de)道路,對于(yu)實施農業(ye)增效(xiao),農民增收(shou),農村穩定,繁榮(rong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),改善食物(wu)結(jie)構豐(feng)富菜籃子,提高人(ren)民生(sheng)活(huo)水平(ping)奠(dian)定了(le)(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)基礎,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)將銷往大(da)同(tong)、太原、北(bei)(bei)京、天津、河(he)北(bei)(bei)等大(da)中型城市(shi)(shi),逐步(bu)遠銷國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)大(da)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
廣靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位(wei)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)邊陲,北(bei)(bei)依陽高(gao)、天鎮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),西傍北(bei)(bei)岳恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)襟,南與靈(ling)(ling)邱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)鄰,東(dong)接朔蔚(yu)公(gong)路和(he)河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)的(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤,是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)距離北(bei)(bei)京市最近的(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)積1283平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,地(di)(di)貌半山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半川,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)西、北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),西高(gao)東(dong)低,北(bei)(bei)高(gao)南低,形如四塊盆地(di)(di),自(zi)然地(di)(di)形可分為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵、平(ping)(ping)原三部(bu)(bu)分,各占三分之一(yi)左(zuo)右。壺流河慣穿東(dong)西,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源充沛,交通方便,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃(wo)。1.土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情(qing)(qing)況(kuang):廣靈(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)(lv)生長(chang)(chang)在地(di)(di)處雁北(bei)(bei)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)廣靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型以(yi)礫石、沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤PH值7.2—7.8之間(jian)(jian)。有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿解氮210.2mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷126.2mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀568mg/kg,這(zhe)種土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)養(yang)分較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao),加(jia)之縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)內沒有(you)工業(ye)污(wu)染,為(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)谷子、豆類(lei)、葫麻(ma)等小(xiao)雜糧最佳生產區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)。這(zhe)幾種植物正(zheng)是(shi)畫眉驢(lv)(lv)整個(ge)(ge)生長(chang)(chang)期(qi)不可缺少的(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)料(liao)和(he)飼(si)草(cao)。2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)(qing)況(kuang):該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)內壺流河、枕(zhen)頭河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、下河灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)神堂交匯于縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城東(dong)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城南,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源極(ji)為(wei)(wei)豐富。主要(yao)澆灌宜(yi)興、加(jia)斗(dou)、蕉(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)壺泉四個(ge)(ge)大(da)鄉鎮74個(ge)(ge)大(da)村,枕(zhen)頭河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),下河灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)神堂水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達到(dao)(dao)國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準,富含多(duo)種礦物質(zhi)(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)秀、碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藍天,空氣質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達到(dao)(dao)國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)標(biao)準,很適(shi)宜(yi)谷子、豆類(lei)、葫麻(ma)產品生長(chang)(chang),為(wei)(wei)飼(si)養(yang)廣靈(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)(lv)提(ti)供了獨(du)一(yi)無(wu)二的(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)草(cao)料(liao)。3.氣候情(qing)(qing)況(kuang):該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)寒地(di)(di)帶,春季(ji)少雨多(duo)風,夏季(ji)炎(yan)熱(re),最高(gao)氣溫達到(dao)(dao)34℃,降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中在公(gong)歷6—9月間(jian)(jian),秋季(ji)多(duo)是(shi)晴朗涼爽天氣,冬季(ji)寒冷干(gan)燥,四季(ji)分明,無(wu)霜期(qi)差異較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),中部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)南部(bu)(bu)的(de)平(ping)(ping)川為(wei)(wei)160天左(zuo)右,西部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)130天左(zuo)右。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫9度(du),全年(nian)日照時數在2800—3100小(xiao)時之間(jian)(jian),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)415mm,與谷子、豆類(lei)、葫麻(ma)等小(xiao)雜糧最佳生長(chang)(chang)期(qi)吻合,為(wei)(wei)飼(si)養(yang)廣靈(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)(lv)提(ti)供了優(you)(you)越的(de)氣候優(you)(you)勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)靈畫眉驢農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志保護(hu)區域為(wei):廣(guang)靈縣所(suo)轄2鎮7個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),即(ji):南(nan)村(cun)鎮、壺泉(quan)鎮、加斗鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宜(yi)興鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蕉(jiao)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、斗泉(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、梁莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、望狐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)180個(ge)行政村(cun)(北(bei)至(zhi)劉(liu)家(jia)溝村(cun),西至(zhi)東(dong)福窯(yao)村(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)聶家(jia)溝村(cun),東(dong)至(zhi)下恩莊村(cun)),養(yang)殖面積128300公頃,年出欄(lan)4300多(duo)頭(tou),出欄(lan)率占45%,年存欄(lan)9600多(duo)頭(tou)。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)北(bei)緯39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之間,全(quan)境地(di)(di)(di)勢西北(bei)高,東(dong)南(nan)低,從(cong)西北(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)逐漸傾斜,海拔最高2375米,最低930米。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1.外在感官特征:廣靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)的外形特征是:體格(ge)高大,結(jie)構勻稱(cheng),肌肉豐滿,鼻梁(liang)平直,眼大微突,兩耳豎(shu)立而靈(ling)活(huo),背部(bu)(bu)寬廣平直,腹部(bu)(bu)充(chong)實,四肢粗(cu)(cu)壯,蹄(ti)質堅硬,尾粗(cu)(cu)長。因內(nei)耳、眼圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸、肚底為(wei)(wei)白色,被(bei)毛為(wei)(wei)黑(hei)色,形如(ru)美麗的畫眉鳥(niao),所(suo)以叫“畫眉驢(lv)”。
2.內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi):廣靈畫(hua)眉驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)營養豐(feng)富,是一(yi)種(zhong)低脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)、高蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)。高等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)驢(lv)胴體(ti),在(zai)屠(tu)宰(zai)車間(jian)吊起時,整(zheng)個體(ti)軀顯(xian)得豐(feng)滿,兩后腿之間(jian)呈“U”字(zi)形,胴體(ti)肌肉(rou)(rou)發育(yu)良好,肌肉(rou)(rou)纖維間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)沉積較多,呈大理(li)石狀。與牛(niu)肉(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)、豬肉(rou)(rou)相比,有著瘦肉(rou)(rou)多、脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)少的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點,加之該畫(hua)眉驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)有著特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)學和(he)食(shi)品價值,因(yin)而深受消費者的(de)(de)(de)歡迎。它的(de)(de)(de)內含成分為:水分65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量≥485KJ/100g;鉀≥300mg/100g;鈉(na)≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵(tie)≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽(bao)和(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)≥4.0%,其中油酸(suan)≥3.0%,亞油酸(suan)≥1.0%,亞麻酸(suan)≥0.2%;天門冬氨(an)酸(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨(an)酸(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安(an)全要求:廣靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢所(suo)飼(si)喂(wei)的(de)草料,飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水,要求無毒無污染(ran),看病、防(fang)疫、打針、灌藥(yao)的(de)獸醫要有(you)資質(zhi)證(zheng)明,嚴禁(jin)雇(gu)用(yong)(yong)無任何(he)證(zheng)照(zhao)的(de)獸醫行醫。在(zai)屠(tu)宰前(qian)15天,嚴禁(jin)打針、灌藥(yao)和飼(si)喂(wei)不安(an)全的(de)草料和飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水。所(suo)屠(tu)宰的(de)生(sheng)驢肉產(chan)(chan)品必須符(fu)合中華(hua)人(ren)民共和國肉食(shi)類規定的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準安(an)全指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao),在(zai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識上(shang)需符(fu)合農(nong)業部(bu)《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)和標(biao)(biao)(biao)識管理辦法》,進入市場的(de)必須遵守《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量安(an)全法》及其它(ta)法律法規的(de)有(you)關規定。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應符(fu)合GB11680和GB89687的(de)規定,包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)物使用(yong)(yong)無毒油墨印(yin)刷,銷售(shou)和包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)物應標(biao)(biao)(biao)注“廣靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢”標(biao)(biao)(biao)志,并標(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)品名稱(cheng)、數量、產(chan)(chan)地、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)日期(qi)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單(dan)位、保質(zhi)期(qi)、產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量、執行標(biao)(biao)(biao)準代號等(deng)級等(deng)內容。
五.特定生(sheng)產方(fang)式(shi)
1.產地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與特(te)殊(shu)內容規定(ding):產地(di)要求:全縣所(suo)有(you)飼養畫眉驢(lv)的(de)(de)公司、場、合作社和(he)小區(qu)場所(suo)的(de)(de)基(ji)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze),應(ying)遠(yuan)離城區(qu)、工業污染區(qu)和(he)生(sheng)活垃圾場的(de)(de)地(di)方,所(suo)飼養的(de)(de)畫眉驢(lv)90%以上海拔在1200—1800米之間。環(huan)(huan)境質量(liang):要選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)空氣(qi)清新、水(shui)質純凈,具(ju)有(you)良好生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特定要求(qiu):幼駒選(xuan)擇主要是眼圈(quan)、嘴頭、內耳、前(qian)胸、肚底均為(wei)(wei)白色(se),被毛為(wei)(wei)黑色(se),齒齊、口方、軀干長的留(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),橫(heng)雜(za)毛色(se)的作為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)。特定要求(qiu):三春公種(zhong)驢(lv)體(ti)高1.30米以上作為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),1.30米以下基(ji)本(ben)上作為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong),母驢(lv)體(ti)高1.2米以上留(liu)(liu)作種(zhong)用(yong)繁(fan)殖,1.2米以下及橫(heng)雜(za)毛色(se)的作為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)。
3.生(sheng)長(chang)過程管理:從配種(zhong)、胚胎到幼(you)駒,生(sheng)長(chang)為成驢(三春),完成它的生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)期,按(an)照(zhao)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)的優劣,留為種(zhong)用或肉用規(gui)律,一般(ban)分(fen)為6個時期。
(1)胚胎期(qi):母驢懷胎360多天才(cai)能產駒,要(yao)加(jia)強護理,增(zeng)加(jia)營養(yang)。養(yang)好妊(ren)娠(shen)(shen)母驢,保證胎兒(er)正(zheng)常發(fa)育(yu)(yu)。由于先天發(fa)育(yu)(yu)的(de)良好,才(cai)能為生后(hou)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)奠定基礎,胎兒(er)的(de)營養(yang)由母體獲得(de)。因此,必(bi)須加(jia)強妊(ren)娠(shen)(shen)母驢的(de)飼(si)養(yang),特(te)別是(shi)妊(ren)娠(shen)(shen)最(zui)后(hou)2—3個月。所以養(yang)好妊(ren)娠(shen)(shen)母驢對胎兒(er)及生后(hou)的(de)良好發(fa)育(yu)(yu)都有著雙(shuang)重的(de)意義。
(2)幼駒(ju)期:幼駒(ju)出(chu)(chu)生后(hou)(hou)在兩小時(shi)內應盡早(zao)吃(chi)(chi)好(hao)初乳,產后(hou)(hou)3天(tian)以內的(de)初乳營養豐富(fu),含有抗體(ti)和(he)較(jiao)多(duo)無機鹽類,可增強(qiang)驢駒(ju)的(de)免疫力和(he)胎糞的(de)排出(chu)(chu)。在吃(chi)(chi)飽營養豐富(fu)的(de)母乳的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),從1-2月(yue)齡時(shi)開始喂(wei)精料(liao),每天(tian)150—200克(ke)(ke),兩個月(yue)后(hou)(hou)逐步增加(jia)到0.5千(qian)克(ke)(ke),斷(duan)奶時(shi)達(da)到0.75—1千(qian)克(ke)(ke),1—6月(yue)齡以內,幼駒(ju)的(de)生長(chang)強(qiang)度(du),體(ti)長(chang)、胸圍的(de)增長(chang)值都超過20厘米(mi),為生后(hou)(hou)生長(chang)強(qiang)度(du)最快時(shi)期。另外,還要補充食鹽、骨(gu)粉10—15克(ke)(ke),飼草任其采食。
(3)兩歲期:兩歲驢駒體(ti)長相對生長發育(yu)速度加快(kuai),體(ti)長可占(zhan)成(cheng)年的93.7%,此(ci)時體(ti)高和管(guan)圍分別占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢的96%和97%,只有胸圍占(zhan)成(cheng)年的89%。精料(豆類、玉(yu)米、麩(fu)皮、麻參、骨粉)每(mei)日(ri)可喂3—4公斤左右。
(4)3歲(sui)期:3歲(sui)時(shi)驢(lv)的(de)胸圍(wei)(wei)生長(chang)速度增快,胸圍(wei)(wei)占成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)94.8%,而這時(shi)體(ti)(ti)高、體(ti)(ti)長(chang)和(he)管圍(wei)(wei)分(fen)別占成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和(he)98.5%。3歲(sui)時(shi)驢(lv)的(de)體(ti)(ti)尺接近成(cheng)年驢(lv)體(ti)(ti)尺,體(ti)(ti)格基本定型,胸圍(wei)(wei)和(he)體(ti)(ti)重以后(hou)有小的(de)增長(chang),性機能已完(wan)全成(cheng)熟,可以投入(ru)配種繁(fan)殖。精(jing)料(liao)與(yu)兩歲(sui)駒(ju)基本相同,每(mei)頭(tou)母(mu)驢(lv)在飼養、管理(li)好的(de)情況下,應(ying)產駒(ju)10—16頭(tou)。
(5)產品屠宰(zai)及(ji)產后處理規定:育(yu)肥(fei)驢(lv)屠宰(zai)應在四(si)歲(sui)至十五(wu)歲(sui)之間,通過短(duan)期育(yu)肥(fei),屠宰(zai)后應胴(dong)體修整(zheng)、劈半、水(shui)沖、檢驗和加(jia)蓋衛生檢疫章等工(gong)序,要及(ji)時冷凍(dong)。冷凍(dong)溫度應在-5℃以下(xia)。3.6生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要求:為達到色、香、味美(mei)。廣(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)屠宰(zai)、加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)、公(gong)司、小(xiao)區(qu)、合作社(she)組織和養殖(zhi)戶,應當按(an)照《農產品質量(liang)安全法》的要求,建立喂養記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)和防病(bing)治病(bing)的記(ji)(ji)錄(lu),記(ji)(ji)載近(jin)期投(tou)入品的名(ming)稱、來(lai)源;疾病(bing)最(zui)后的治療時間,停藥的最(zui)后時期。記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)保存(cun)二(er)年。