一.產品介紹
廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢的(de)來源,無歷史記(ji)載,傳說不(bu)一(yi),據縣志(見附件(jian))記(ji)載,早(zao)在200年以(yi)前,驢就列為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣大(da)牲畜之(zhi)一(yi),因當時靈(ling)丘、陽原(yuan)來廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)買(mai)驢的(de)販(fan)子(zi)較多,到民(min)國(guo)后期(qi),主(zhu)要分布在廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)、靈(ling)丘、陽原(yuan)三縣周圍。我縣的(de)產驢區(qu)中心以(yi)加(jia)斗、蕉山(shan)、王(wang)洼、南村(cun)、城關公社密度(du)較大(da),戶均5頭(tou)。 廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢的(de)傳說及故事:
1、據云南到(dao)廣(guang)靈做(zuo)買賣的(de)(de)生意(yi)人(ren)傳(chuan)說,廣(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)(lv)真是厲害,被云南某驢(lv)(lv)場購進后,在一(yi)次(ci)山區放(fang)牧中,遇見一(yi)只老(lao)虎(hu),放(fang)牧人(ren)危恐老(lao)虎(hu)撲向驢(lv)(lv)群(qun),這時驢(lv)(lv)群(qun)中的(de)(de)公種驢(lv)(lv)跑(pao)到(dao)最前面(mian),放(fang)聲宏亮的(de)(de)叫了起來,把老(lao)虎(hu)給(gei)嚇跑(pao)了。
2、據從(cong)(cong)(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)一(yi)直(zhi)干獸(shou)醫(yi)、站長(chang)(chang)(chang)、副局長(chang)(chang)(chang)、局長(chang)(chang)(chang)崗位29年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)史寶洲介(jie)紹說,他小時候聽民間(jian)講(jiang)述(shu),驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)(cong)(cong)什么時間(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)叫為(wei)(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)。早在300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,因它的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)耳、眼圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸、肚(du)底長(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)色(se),被(bei)毛為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se),形如(ru)美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)鳥,所以(yi)人民群眾從(cong)(cong)(cong)那時開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)就(jiu)叫驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史文獻、著作(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)有關資料(liao)(liao):從(cong)(cong)(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi),山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)科研(yan)所與(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)學院(yuan)協作(zuo)(zuo),對(dui)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)畜禽進行了(le)全(quan)面(mian)調查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)(jia)畜家(jia)(jia)禽良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)圖(tu)譜(pu)》一(yi)書中就(jiu)有廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)基副省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)在省(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)(hui)議(yi)總結報告中就(jiu)講(jiang)到(dao)(dao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)、聞喜為(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基地縣(會(hui)(hui)后(hou)正式由山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)政府下(xia)發(fa)文件(jian)(jian)),確定(ding)西(xi)加(jia)斗、王(wang)洼莊、南岳莊、西(xi)宜興、將官莊、張家(jia)(jia)洼等(deng)51個(ge)村,為(wei)(wei)(wei)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基地村。對(dui)于培育畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),從(cong)(cong)(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi),先(xian)后(hou)聘請山(shan)西(xi)農(nong)(nong)學院(yuan)養(yang)馬(ma)(驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv))專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)朱先(xian)煌、許金(jin)友,省(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)校(xiao)校(xiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)于大(da)(da)甲等(deng)教授(shou)和(he)畜禽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)編委的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)志鑒定(ding)。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月由山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)學院(yuan)畜牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)系和(he)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣畜牧(mu)(mu)局共同(tong)編寫(xie)了(le)資料(liao)(liao)匯編《山(shan)西(xi)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日(ri),全(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)育種(zhong)(zhong)技術經驗交流會(hui)(hui)從(cong)(cong)(cong)山(shan)西(xi)夏縣轉(zhuan)到(dao)(dao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣繼續開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)會(hui)(hui),全(quan)國(guo)馬(ma)匹(pi)畜種(zhong)(zhong)委員會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)6個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)研(yan)究所和(he)本省(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)直(zhi)單位、院(yuan)校(xiao)、12個(ge)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表共75人(見(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)),對(dui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)培育和(he)精心(xin)飼(si)養(yang)給予高度評價。并于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月通過了(le)技術鑒定(ding)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian))。將廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)四大(da)(da)優(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之一(yi)。對(dui)其中一(yi)頭(tou)高1.6米的(de)(de)(de)(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之最,世界亦屬罕(han)見(jian)(jian)(jian),當(dang)時參會(hui)(hui)人員就(jiu)叫這頭(tou)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)王(wang)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)片)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)載入全(quan)國(guo)《馬(ma)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)志》一(yi)書(見(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣政府共舉辦(ban)了(le)三屆(jie)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)評賽(sai)大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣優(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場于1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被(bei)列入山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)營種(zhong)(zhong)畜場名單內(nei)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian))。
據縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫局統計,從六(liu)十年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)到現在,全國(guo)(guo)(guo)共有(you)(you)24個省、市自治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)本(ben)省38個市、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、區(qu)(qu)累計從廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)調出(chu)(chu)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)3560多頭(tou)。據本(ben)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)蕉(jiao)山鄉東崖頭(tou)村尉金講述:“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)(yu)1959年(nian)(nian)向越南民(min)(min)主(zhu)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)口種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)3頭(tou),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母驢(lv)(lv)7頭(tou),組織(zhi)上(shang)選(xuan)派他和(he)(he)另外(wai)兩人與(yu)雁(yan)北地區(qu)(qu)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)局的3位同(tong)志一(yi)起用(yong)汽車、火車護(hu)送(song)到越南國(guo)(guo)(guo)境內”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)這一(yi)優良驢(lv)(lv)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以其特有(you)(you)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)、役用(yong)、肉(rou)用(yong)價值,驢(lv)(lv)皮是(shi)(shi)阿膠藥(yao)物(wu)的主(zhu)要原料,有(you)(you)較高(gao)的藥(yao)用(yong)價值,因此廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)馳名中外(wai),譽滿全國(guo)(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)(nian)2月國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)農業(ye)部第662號公告確定廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳資源保護(hu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2009年(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府召開(kai)(kai)了“首屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)文化(hua)節(jie)”(見圖(tu)片(pian))。2009年(nian)(nian)11月我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)第一(yi)批獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)場(chang)獲得廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)。2010年(nian)(nian)12月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)養殖協會,已將(jiang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)報送(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)商標局注冊(見附(fu)件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)傳統的農業(ye)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隨著農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結構的進一(yi)步(bu)調整(zheng),傳統的谷子和(he)(he)豆(dou)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積逐年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植谷子的面積從二OO一(yi)年(nian)(nian)的3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),上(shang)升到10萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),豆(dou)類面積也上(shang)升到4.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。再加上(shang)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)32萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的玉米(mi)秸桿,還有(you)(you)天然草場(chang),人工種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草也逐年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),飼(si)草、飼(si)料為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)的穩定發展具備(bei)了雄厚的物(wu)質基礎(chu)。更是(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)辟了廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)人民(min)(min)致富(fu)的道路,對于(yu)(yu)實(shi)施農業(ye)增效,農民(min)(min)增收(shou),農村穩定,繁榮(rong)市場(chang),改善食物(wu)結構豐富(fu)菜籃子,提高(gao)人民(min)(min)生活水平奠定了良好的基礎(chu),產(chan)品將(jiang)銷往大(da)同(tong)、太原、北京、天津(jin)、河北等大(da)中型(xing)城市,逐步(bu)遠銷國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)大(da)市場(chang)。
二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省東(dong)北(bei)邊陲,北(bei)依陽高(gao)(gao)、天鎮縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)傍(bang)北(bei)岳恒山(shan)(shan)東(dong)襟,南(nan)與靈(ling)邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)為(wei)鄰(lin),東(dong)接朔蔚(yu)公路和(he)河(he)(he)北(bei)省的(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)(xian)接壤(rang),是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省距離北(bei)京市最(zui)近(jin)的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)區。全縣(xian)(xian)總面積1283平方(fang)公里,地(di)貌半山(shan)(shan)半川,縣(xian)(xian)域西(xi)、北(bei)部多(duo)(duo)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)區,西(xi)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)低,北(bei)高(gao)(gao)南(nan)低,形(xing)如(ru)四塊(kuai)盆地(di),自然地(di)形(xing)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘陵、平原(yuan)三(san)部分(fen),各(ge)占三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)。壺(hu)(hu)流河(he)(he)慣穿(chuan)東(dong)西(xi),水(shui)源充沛,交通方(fang)便,土地(di)肥沃。1.土壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)(qing)(qing)況:廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢生長在地(di)處雁(yan)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)區的(de)(de)廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian),土壤(rang)類型(xing)以礫石(shi)、沙土、壤(rang)土、粘土為(wei)主,土壤(rang)PH值(zhi)7.2—7.8之(zhi)間。有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿解氮210.2mg/kg,有(you)(you)效(xiao)磷126.2mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀568mg/kg,這(zhe)種土質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)養分(fen)較高(gao)(gao),加之(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)域內(nei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)工業污(wu)染(ran),為(wei)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)子(zi)、豆(dou)類、葫麻(ma)等小雜(za)糧(liang)最(zui)佳生產(chan)區域。這(zhe)幾種植物正是畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢整個生長期(qi)(qi)不(bu)可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)料和(he)飼(si)草。2.水(shui)文情(qing)(qing)(qing)況:該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)(xian)域內(nei)壺(hu)(hu)流河(he)(he)、枕(zhen)頭河(he)(he)水(shui)庫(ku)、下(xia)河(he)(he)灣水(shui)庫(ku)、水(shui)神(shen)堂交匯于縣(xian)(xian)城東(dong)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)城南(nan),水(shui)資(zi)源極為(wei)豐富(fu)。主要(yao)澆灌宜興、加斗(dou)、蕉山(shan)(shan)和(he)壺(hu)(hu)泉四個大(da)鄉鎮74個大(da)村,枕(zhen)頭河(he)(he)水(shui)庫(ku),下(xia)河(he)(he)灣水(shui)庫(ku)和(he)水(shui)神(shen)堂水(shui)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達到(dao)國家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)飲用水(shui)標準,富(fu)含多(duo)(duo)種礦物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)清(qing)水(shui)秀、碧水(shui)藍天,空氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達到(dao)國家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)標準,很適(shi)宜谷(gu)子(zi)、豆(dou)類、葫麻(ma)產(chan)品(pin)生長,為(wei)飼(si)養廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢提供了獨一(yi)無二的(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草料。3.氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況:該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)帶,春季少雨多(duo)(duo)風,夏季炎熱,最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫達到(dao)34℃,降水(shui)集中(zhong)在公歷6—9月間,秋季多(duo)(duo)是晴朗涼爽天氣(qi),冬季寒冷干燥,四季分(fen)明,無霜期(qi)(qi)差異較大(da),中(zhong)部、東(dong)北(bei)部、東(dong)南(nan)部的(de)(de)平川為(wei)160天左(zuo)右(you)(you),西(xi)部山(shan)(shan)區為(wei)130天左(zuo)右(you)(you)。全縣(xian)(xian)年平均氣(qi)溫9度,全年日照時(shi)數在2800—3100小時(shi)之(zhi)間,年平均降水(shui)415mm,與谷(gu)子(zi)、豆(dou)類、葫麻(ma)等小雜(za)糧(liang)最(zui)佳生長期(qi)(qi)吻合,為(wei)飼(si)養廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢提供了優越的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)優勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
廣靈畫眉驢農產品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志保護區域(yu)為:廣靈縣所轄2鎮7個鄉(xiang),即:南村(cun)(cun)鎮、壺泉鎮、加斗(dou)鄉(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)、宜興鄉(xiang)、蕉山鄉(xiang)、斗(dou)泉鄉(xiang)、梁莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)、望(wang)狐(hu)鄉(xiang)的180個行政村(cun)(cun)(北(bei)至(zhi)劉家溝村(cun)(cun),西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)東福(fu)窯(yao)村(cun)(cun),南至(zhi)聶家溝村(cun)(cun),東至(zhi)下恩莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)),養(yang)殖面積128300公頃,年出(chu)(chu)欄4300多頭,出(chu)(chu)欄率占45%,年存欄9600多頭。地理(li)坐標(biao)(biao)北(bei)緯39°51′—39°55′,東徑(jing)113°51′—114°24′之間,全境(jing)地勢西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)高,東南低,從西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)向東南逐漸傾斜(xie),海(hai)拔最(zui)高2375米(mi),最(zui)低930米(mi)。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1.外在感官(guan)特(te)征:廣(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)(lv)的外形特(te)征是:體格高大(da),結構(gou)勻稱,肌(ji)肉豐滿(man),鼻梁平直,眼大(da)微突(tu),兩(liang)耳(er)豎立而(er)靈活,背部寬廣(guang)平直,腹部充實,四肢(zhi)粗壯,蹄質(zhi)堅(jian)硬,尾粗長(chang)。因內耳(er)、眼圈、嘴頭、前胸、肚底為白色,被(bei)毛(mao)為黑色,形如美(mei)麗(li)的畫眉鳥,所以叫“畫眉驢(lv)(lv)”。
2.內(nei)在品(pin)質:廣(guang)靈畫(hua)眉驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)營養(yang)豐(feng)(feng)富,是一種低(di)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)、高蛋白質的(de)(de)食物。高等(deng)級的(de)(de)驢(lv)胴體,在屠宰車間吊(diao)起時,整個(ge)體軀顯得(de)豐(feng)(feng)滿,兩(liang)后腿之間呈“U”字形,胴體肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)發育(yu)良(liang)好,肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)纖維間的(de)(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)沉(chen)積較多,呈大理石狀。與(yu)牛肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)、豬(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)相比,有著瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)多、脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)少的(de)(de)特點(dian),加之該畫(hua)眉驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)有著特殊的(de)(de)生物學和食品(pin)價值,因而深受消費者的(de)(de)歡迎。它的(de)(de)內(nei)含成(cheng)分(fen)為:水分(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白質≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)3.0-12.0g/100g;熱(re)量(liang)≥485KJ/100g;鉀≥300mg/100g;鈉(na)≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵(tie)≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)≥4.0%,其(qi)中(zhong)油(you)酸(suan)≥3.0%,亞(ya)油(you)酸(suan)≥1.0%,亞(ya)麻酸(suan)≥0.2%;天門冬(dong)氨酸(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨酸(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安全要求:廣靈畫眉(mei)驢所飼喂(wei)的(de)草(cao)料,飲用(yong)水,要求無(wu)(wu)毒無(wu)(wu)污染,看(kan)病(bing)、防疫、打(da)針(zhen)、灌藥的(de)獸醫要有資質證明(ming),嚴(yan)禁(jin)雇用(yong)無(wu)(wu)任何證照(zhao)的(de)獸醫行醫。在屠宰(zai)(zai)前15天(tian),嚴(yan)禁(jin)打(da)針(zhen)、灌藥和飼喂(wei)不安全的(de)草(cao)料和飲用(yong)水。所屠宰(zai)(zai)的(de)生驢肉產(chan)品(pin)必(bi)須(xu)符合中華人民共和國肉食類規定的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準安全指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),在包(bao)(bao)裝、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識上(shang)需符合農業部《農產(chan)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝和標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識管(guan)理辦法》,進入市場(chang)的(de)必(bi)須(xu)遵守《農產(chan)品(pin)質量安全法》及其它法律法規的(de)有關規定。包(bao)(bao)裝材料應符合GB11680和GB89687的(de)規定,包(bao)(bao)裝物使(shi)用(yong)無(wu)(wu)毒油墨印刷,銷售和包(bao)(bao)裝物應標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)“廣靈畫眉(mei)驢”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),并標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)產(chan)品(pin)名稱、數量、產(chan)地、包(bao)(bao)裝日期、生產(chan)單位、保質期、產(chan)品(pin)質量、執行標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準代號等級等內(nei)容。
五(wu).特(te)定生產方式
1.產地選擇與特殊內容(rong)規定:產地要求:全(quan)縣(xian)所(suo)有飼(si)養畫眉驢的公司、場、合作社和小區(qu)場所(suo)的基地選擇,應遠離城區(qu)、工業(ye)污染區(qu)和生活(huo)垃(la)圾場的地方,所(suo)飼(si)養的畫眉驢90%以上(shang)海拔在1200—1800米之間。環境(jing)質量:要選擇空氣清新、水質純凈,具有良好生態環境(jing)的地區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與(yu)特定(ding)要求:幼駒選擇主(zhu)要是眼圈、嘴頭(tou)、內耳、前(qian)胸、肚底(di)均為(wei)(wei)白色(se),被(bei)毛(mao)為(wei)(wei)黑色(se),齒齊、口(kou)方、軀干長(chang)的留為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)用,橫雜(za)毛(mao)色(se)的作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用。特定(ding)要求:三(san)春公種(zhong)(zhong)驢體高1.30米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)用,1.30米(mi)以(yi)(yi)下基本上(shang)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用,母驢體高1.2米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)留作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)用繁殖,1.2米(mi)以(yi)(yi)下及橫雜(za)毛(mao)色(se)的作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用。
3.生(sheng)長(chang)過程管理:從配種、胚胎(tai)到幼駒,生(sheng)長(chang)為(wei)成驢(三春),完成它的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育期(qi),按照生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育的(de)優劣,留為(wei)種用或(huo)肉用規律,一般分為(wei)6個時期(qi)。
(1)胚胎(tai)(tai)期:母(mu)驢(lv)懷胎(tai)(tai)360多天才(cai)能產(chan)駒,要加強護(hu)理,增加營(ying)(ying)養(yang)。養(yang)好(hao)妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)驢(lv),保證胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)正常發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)。由于先(xian)天發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)良好(hao),才(cai)能為生后(hou)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)奠定(ding)基(ji)礎,胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)的(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)由母(mu)體獲得。因此,必(bi)須加強妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)驢(lv)的(de)(de)飼養(yang),特別是妊(ren)娠(shen)最后(hou)2—3個月(yue)。所(suo)以養(yang)好(hao)妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)驢(lv)對胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)及生后(hou)的(de)(de)良好(hao)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)都有著雙(shuang)重的(de)(de)意義。
(2)幼駒(ju)期:幼駒(ju)出(chu)生后在(zai)兩小時(shi)內應盡早吃好初乳(ru),產后3天以內的(de)(de)(de)初乳(ru)營養豐富,含有抗(kang)體和(he)較多無(wu)機鹽(yan)類,可增(zeng)強驢(lv)駒(ju)的(de)(de)(de)免疫力和(he)胎糞的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)出(chu)。在(zai)吃飽營養豐富的(de)(de)(de)母乳(ru)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang),從1-2月(yue)齡時(shi)開始喂精(jing)料,每天150—200克,兩個月(yue)后逐步增(zeng)加到0.5千(qian)克,斷(duan)奶時(shi)達到0.75—1千(qian)克,1—6月(yue)齡以內,幼駒(ju)的(de)(de)(de)生長強度,體長、胸圍的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長值(zhi)都超過20厘米,為生后生長強度最快時(shi)期。另外,還要補(bu)充食鹽(yan)、骨粉(fen)10—15克,飼草任其采食。
(3)兩歲(sui)期:兩歲(sui)驢(lv)駒體長相(xiang)對(dui)生長發(fa)育(yu)速(su)度加快,體長可(ke)占成(cheng)年的(de)93.7%,此時體高和管(guan)圍(wei)分別占成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)96%和97%,只有(you)胸圍(wei)占成(cheng)年的(de)89%。精(jing)料(liao)(豆類(lei)、玉米、麩皮、麻參、骨粉)每(mei)日(ri)可(ke)喂(wei)3—4公(gong)斤左右。
(4)3歲(sui)期:3歲(sui)時驢(lv)的(de)胸(xiong)圍生(sheng)長(chang)速度增快,胸(xiong)圍占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)94.8%,而這時體(ti)高、體(ti)長(chang)和管圍分別占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲(sui)時驢(lv)的(de)體(ti)尺(chi)(chi)接近成(cheng)年驢(lv)體(ti)尺(chi)(chi),體(ti)格基本定型,胸(xiong)圍和體(ti)重以后有小(xiao)的(de)增長(chang),性機(ji)能已(yi)完(wan)全成(cheng)熟(shu),可以投入配種(zhong)繁殖。精料與兩歲(sui)駒(ju)基本相同,每頭母驢(lv)在飼養、管理好的(de)情(qing)況下,應產駒(ju)10—16頭。
(5)產(chan)品屠宰及(ji)產(chan)后(hou)處理規定:育肥驢屠宰應(ying)在四歲(sui)至十五歲(sui)之間(jian),通(tong)過短期(qi)育肥,屠宰后(hou)應(ying)胴(dong)體修整、劈(pi)半(ban)、水沖、檢驗和加蓋衛生(sheng)檢疫(yi)章等工序,要及(ji)時(shi)冷凍。冷凍溫(wen)度應(ying)在-5℃以下。3.6生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄要求:為達到色(se)、香、味美。廣靈畫眉驢屠宰、加工企業、公司、小(xiao)區(qu)、合作(zuo)社組(zu)織(zhi)和養殖(zhi)戶,應(ying)當(dang)按照(zhao)《農產(chan)品質量安全法(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)要求,建(jian)立喂(wei)養記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄和防病(bing)(bing)治(zhi)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄,記(ji)(ji)(ji)載近期(qi)投入(ru)品的(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源;疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)最后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)療時(shi)間(jian),停藥的(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)時(shi)期(qi)。記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄保存二年。