一.產品介紹
廣靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢的(de)來(lai)源,無歷(li)史記載(zai),傳說不一,據縣志(見附件(jian))記載(zai),早在200年以前,驢就列為廣靈(ling)(ling)縣大牲畜之一,因當時靈(ling)(ling)丘、陽原來(lai)廣靈(ling)(ling)買(mai)驢的(de)販(fan)子較多,到民(min)國(guo)后(hou)期,主要分布在廣靈(ling)(ling)、靈(ling)(ling)丘、陽原三縣周圍。我(wo)縣的(de)產驢區(qu)中(zhong)心以加斗、蕉山、王(wang)洼、南村、城關(guan)公社密度較大,戶均5頭。 廣靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢的(de)傳說及(ji)故事:
1、據(ju)云(yun)南(nan)到廣(guang)靈(ling)做(zuo)買賣的(de)生意人傳說,廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢真是厲害,被云(yun)南(nan)某驢場購進后,在一次(ci)山區(qu)放牧中,遇(yu)見一只老(lao)(lao)虎,放牧人危(wei)恐老(lao)(lao)虎撲向驢群(qun),這時驢群(qun)中的(de)公(gong)種(zhong)驢跑到最前面,放聲宏亮的(de)叫了起來,把(ba)老(lao)(lao)虎給嚇跑了。
2、據從1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)一直干獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)、站長、副(fu)局長、局長崗位29年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)史寶洲介紹(shao)說,他小(xiao)時(shi)候聽民間講述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從什(shen)么時(shi)間開(kai)(kai)始(shi)叫為(wei)(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)。早在300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian),因它的(de)(de)內(nei)耳、眼(yan)圈、嘴(zui)頭、前(qian)胸、肚底長為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)色(se),被(bei)毛為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se),形如美麗的(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)鳥,所以人(ren)民群眾(zhong)從那時(shi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)叫驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)歷史文獻、著(zhu)作(zuo)等有關資(zi)料(liao)(liao):從1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi),山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)科研(yan)(yan)所與省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學院協作(zuo),對全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)禽進行了(le)全(quan)面調查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)《山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖譜》一書中就(jiu)有廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉(liu)開(kai)(kai)基副(fu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長在省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)總結報告中就(jiu)講到廣(guang)靈(ling)、聞喜為(wei)(wei)(wei)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基地(di)縣(xian)(會(hui)(hui)(hui)后正(zheng)式(shi)由(you)山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)下(xia)發文件(jian)(jian)),確(que)定西(xi)加斗、王(wang)洼莊、南岳莊、西(xi)宜興、將官莊、張家(jia)洼等51個(ge)村(cun),為(wei)(wei)(wei)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基地(di)村(cun)。對于培育(yu)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),從1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi),先后聘請山西(xi)農(nong)學院養(yang)馬(驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv))專家(jia)朱(zhu)先煌、許金友,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧校校長于大(da)甲等教授和(he)(he)(he)畜(chu)(chu)禽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)委的(de)(de)同(tong)志鑒定。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月由(you)山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學院畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)系(xi)和(he)(he)(he)廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧局共(gong)同(tong)編(bian)寫了(le)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)匯編(bian)《山西(xi)廣(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日(ri),全(quan)國驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術經驗交流(liu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)從山西(xi)夏縣(xian)轉(zhuan)到廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)繼續開(kai)(kai)會(hui)(hui)(hui),全(quan)國馬匹畜(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)6個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)研(yan)(yan)究所和(he)(he)(he)本省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直單(dan)位、院校、12個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)代表共(gong)75人(ren)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)),對廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)長期的(de)(de)培育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)精心飼養(yang)給予高(gao)度評價。并于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月通(tong)過了(le)技術鑒定(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。將廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國四大(da)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)一。對其(qi)中一頭高(gao)1.6米的(de)(de)公(gong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)最,世界亦(yi)屬罕見(jian)(jian),當時(shi)參(can)會(hui)(hui)(hui)人(ren)員就(jiu)叫這頭驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)王(wang)(見(jian)(jian)圖片)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)載(zai)入全(quan)國《馬驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》一書(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)共(gong)舉辦(ban)了(le)三屆畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)評賽大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場于1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被(bei)列入山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國營種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)場名單(dan)內(nei)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。
據縣(xian)(xian)畜(chu)牧獸醫局(ju)統計,從(cong)六十年(nian)(nian)代初到(dao)現在,全國(guo)(guo)共(gong)有24個省(sheng)、市(shi)(shi)自治區和(he)(he)本省(sheng)38個市(shi)(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)、區累(lei)計從(cong)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)調出(chu)優(you)(you)種(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)3560多(duo)頭。據本縣(xian)(xian)蕉山鄉東崖頭村(cun)尉金講述(shu):“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)于1959年(nian)(nian)向(xiang)越南民主(zhu)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)出(chu)口種(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)3頭,種(zhong)母驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)7頭,組織上選派他(ta)和(he)(he)另(ling)外兩人與雁北地區畜(chu)牧局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3位同志一起用(yong)汽車(che)、火車(che)護(hu)(hu)送到(dao)越南國(guo)(guo)境內(nei)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)這一優(you)(you)良驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)種(zhong)以其特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)用(yong)、役用(yong)、肉用(yong)價(jia)值,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)皮是阿膠藥(yao)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原料,有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值,因此廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)馳名中外,譽滿(man)全國(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)第662號公告確定(ding)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級畜(chu)禽遺傳(chuan)資源(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),2009年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府召開了(le)“首屆中國(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文化節(jie)”(見(jian)圖片)。2009年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)我縣(xian)(xian)第一批獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)保護(hu)(hu)區范(fan)圍(wei)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)優(you)(you)種(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)(chang)獲(huo)得(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)保種(zhong)場(chang)(chang)。2010年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)養殖協會(hui),已(yi)將(jiang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)報送國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)商標局(ju)注冊(見(jian)附件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)是傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)縣(xian)(xian),隨著農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進一步(bu)調整(zheng),傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷子和(he)(he)豆類種(zhong)植面積(ji)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),全縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)植谷子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面積(ji)從(cong)二OO一年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.5萬(wan)畝,上升到(dao)10萬(wan)畝,豆類面積(ji)也上升到(dao)4.5萬(wan)畝。再(zai)加上全縣(xian)(xian)32萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玉米秸(jie)桿,還有天然草(cao)場(chang)(chang),人工種(zhong)草(cao)也逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),飼草(cao)、飼料為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)發展具(ju)備了(le)雄厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質基礎。更是開辟了(le)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)人民致(zhi)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路(lu),對于實(shi)施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)增效,農(nong)(nong)民增收(shou),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)穩定(ding),繁(fan)榮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),改(gai)善食物結構豐富菜籃子,提高(gao)人民生活水平(ping)奠定(ding)了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎,產品(pin)(pin)將(jiang)銷(xiao)往大(da)同、太(tai)原、北京、天津、河北等大(da)中型城市(shi)(shi),逐(zhu)步(bu)遠銷(xiao)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外大(da)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)位于山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)邊陲,北(bei)(bei)依陽(yang)高(gao)、天(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)(xi)傍北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)恒山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)襟,南(nan)與靈(ling)邱縣(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鄰,東(dong)(dong)(dong)接朔蔚(yu)公路和河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)(xian)接壤(rang)(rang),是山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)距離北(bei)(bei)京市最(zui)近(jin)的(de)縣(xian)(xian)區(qu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)1283平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里(li),地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌半(ban)(ban)山(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)(ban)川(chuan),縣(xian)(xian)域西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),西(xi)(xi)高(gao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)低,北(bei)(bei)高(gao)南(nan)低,形如四(si)(si)塊盆地(di)(di)(di)(di),自(zi)然地(di)(di)(di)(di)形可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、平(ping)(ping)(ping)原三部(bu)(bu)分(fen),各占三分(fen)之一(yi)左右。壺流(liu)河(he)(he)(he)慣穿東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi),水(shui)源充沛(pei),交通方便,土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥沃。1.土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)生長在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)雁(yan)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)寒(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)以礫(li)石、沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)PH值7.2—7.8之間(jian)。有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿解氮210.2mg/kg,有效磷126.2mg/kg,速效鉀(jia)568mg/kg,這種土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)養(yang)分(fen)較高(gao),加(jia)(jia)之縣(xian)(xian)域內沒(mei)有工業污染,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)(gu)子、豆(dou)類、葫麻(ma)等小雜(za)糧最(zui)佳生產區(qu)域。這幾種植物正是畫眉驢(lv)整個生長期不可(ke)缺少的(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)料(liao)和飼(si)草。2.水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):該縣(xian)(xian)域內壺流(liu)河(he)(he)(he)、枕頭(tou)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)庫(ku)、下(xia)河(he)(he)(he)灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)、水(shui)神堂交匯于縣(xian)(xian)城東(dong)(dong)(dong)和縣(xian)(xian)城南(nan),水(shui)資源極(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富。主(zhu)要(yao)澆(jiao)灌宜興、加(jia)(jia)斗(dou)、蕉山(shan)(shan)(shan)和壺泉四(si)(si)個大(da)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)74個大(da)村,枕頭(tou)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)庫(ku),下(xia)河(he)(he)(he)灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)和水(shui)神堂水(shui)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達到(dao)(dao)國家一(yi)級(ji)飲用水(shui)標(biao)準,富含多(duo)種礦(kuang)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)清水(shui)秀、碧水(shui)藍天(tian),空氣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達到(dao)(dao)國家一(yi)級(ji)標(biao)準,很適宜谷(gu)(gu)子、豆(dou)類、葫麻(ma)產品生長,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)飼(si)養(yang)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)獨(du)一(yi)無二的(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草料(liao)。3.氣候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):該縣(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)寒(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,春季(ji)少雨(yu)多(duo)風,夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱,最(zui)高(gao)氣溫達到(dao)(dao)34℃,降(jiang)水(shui)集中在(zai)(zai)公歷6—9月間(jian),秋季(ji)多(duo)是晴朗(lang)涼爽(shuang)天(tian)氣,冬季(ji)寒(han)冷干燥(zao),四(si)(si)季(ji)分(fen)明,無霜期差異較大(da),中部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)川(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)160天(tian)左右,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)130天(tian)左右。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫9度,全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)在(zai)(zai)2800—3100小時之間(jian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)415mm,與谷(gu)(gu)子、豆(dou)類、葫麻(ma)等小雜(za)糧最(zui)佳生長期吻合,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)飼(si)養(yang)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)優(you)越的(de)氣候(hou)優(you)勢。
三.地域范圍
廣靈畫眉驢農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)保護(hu)區域為:廣靈縣所轄2鎮(zhen)7個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),即(ji):南(nan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、壺泉(quan)鎮(zhen)、加斗鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宜興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蕉山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、斗泉(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、梁莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、望狐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的180個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)劉(liu)家(jia)溝(gou)村(cun)(cun)(cun),西至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)福(fu)窯村(cun)(cun)(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)聶家(jia)溝(gou)村(cun)(cun)(cun),東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)下恩(en)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)),養殖面積128300公頃,年(nian)出欄(lan)4300多頭,出欄(lan)率占45%,年(nian)存欄(lan)9600多頭。地(di)理(li)坐標北(bei)緯39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之間,全境地(di)勢西北(bei)高,東(dong)南(nan)低,從西北(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)逐漸傾斜,海拔最(zui)高2375米,最(zui)低930米。
四.產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征
1.外在感官(guan)特征:廣靈畫眉(mei)驢的外形特征是(shi):體格高大,結構勻稱,肌肉(rou)豐滿,鼻梁平直,眼大微突,兩耳豎立而靈活(huo),背部寬廣平直,腹部充實(shi),四肢(zhi)粗壯(zhuang),蹄質堅硬,尾粗長。因內耳、眼圈、嘴頭、前胸、肚(du)底為白(bai)色,被毛為黑(hei)色,形如美麗的畫眉(mei)鳥,所(suo)以叫“畫眉(mei)驢”。
2.內在品質(zhi):廣靈畫眉驢(lv)(lv)肉(rou)(rou)營(ying)養豐富(fu),是(shi)一種(zhong)低脂(zhi)肪、高(gao)蛋白質(zhi)的(de)食(shi)物(wu)。高(gao)等級(ji)的(de)驢(lv)(lv)胴體(ti),在屠宰車間(jian)吊起時,整個體(ti)軀顯得豐滿,兩后(hou)腿之間(jian)呈“U”字形,胴體(ti)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)發育(yu)良好,肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)纖維間(jian)的(de)脂(zhi)肪沉(chen)積較多,呈大理石狀(zhuang)。與牛肉(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)、豬肉(rou)(rou)相比,有著(zhu)(zhu)瘦肉(rou)(rou)多、脂(zhi)肪少的(de)特(te)點,加之該畫眉驢(lv)(lv)肉(rou)(rou)有著(zhu)(zhu)特(te)殊的(de)生物(wu)學(xue)和食(shi)品價值,因而深(shen)受消費者(zhe)的(de)歡迎(ying)。它的(de)內含成(cheng)分(fen)為:水(shui)分(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白質(zhi)≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)肪3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量(liang)≥485KJ/100g;鉀≥300mg/100g;鈉≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵≥3.0mg/100g;鋅(xin)≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)≥4.0%,其中油(you)酸(suan)≥3.0%,亞油(you)酸(suan)≥1.0%,亞麻酸(suan)≥0.2%;天門(men)冬氨(an)酸(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨(an)酸(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安全(quan)(quan)要(yao)求:廣靈畫(hua)眉(mei)驢所(suo)飼喂(wei)的(de)草料(liao),飲用(yong)水(shui),要(yao)求無(wu)(wu)毒無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran),看病(bing)、防疫、打針、灌藥的(de)獸(shou)醫要(yao)有資(zi)質證(zheng)明,嚴禁雇(gu)用(yong)無(wu)(wu)任(ren)何證(zheng)照的(de)獸(shou)醫行醫。在(zai)屠宰前15天,嚴禁打針、灌藥和(he)飼喂(wei)不安全(quan)(quan)的(de)草料(liao)和(he)飲用(yong)水(shui)。所(suo)屠宰的(de)生驢肉產(chan)品(pin)必須符合(he)中華人民共和(he)國肉食類規(gui)定(ding)的(de)標(biao)(biao)準安全(quan)(quan)指標(biao)(biao),在(zai)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、標(biao)(biao)識(shi)上需(xu)符合(he)農(nong)(nong)業部《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)管(guan)理辦法(fa)》,進(jin)入市場的(de)必須遵守《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)》及(ji)其(qi)它法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)的(de)有關規(gui)定(ding)。包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)應符合(he)GB11680和(he)GB89687的(de)規(gui)定(ding),包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物使用(yong)無(wu)(wu)毒油墨(mo)印刷,銷售和(he)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物應標(biao)(biao)注“廣靈畫(hua)眉(mei)驢”標(biao)(biao)志,并標(biao)(biao)明產(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、數量、產(chan)地、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日(ri)期(qi)、生產(chan)單(dan)位、保質期(qi)、產(chan)品(pin)質量、執(zhi)行標(biao)(biao)準代號等級等內容。
五.特定生產方式
1.產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定:產(chan)地(di)要求:全縣(xian)所有飼(si)養畫(hua)眉驢的(de)公司、場(chang)、合作(zuo)社和小(xiao)區場(chang)所的(de)基(ji)地(di)選(xuan)擇,應(ying)遠離(li)城(cheng)區、工業(ye)污染區和生活垃圾場(chang)的(de)地(di)方(fang),所飼(si)養的(de)畫(hua)眉驢90%以上海拔在1200—1800米之間。環境質量:要選(xuan)擇空氣清新、水質純凈,具有良好(hao)生態(tai)環境的(de)地(di)區。
2.品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特(te)定要求:幼駒(ju)選(xuan)擇主(zhu)要是眼圈(quan)、嘴頭、內(nei)耳、前胸、肚底(di)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)白色,被毛為(wei)(wei)黑色,齒齊、口(kou)方、軀干長(chang)的留為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong),橫(heng)(heng)雜(za)(za)毛色的作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)(yong)。特(te)定要求:三春公種(zhong)(zhong)驢體(ti)高1.30米以(yi)(yi)上作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong),1.30米以(yi)(yi)下(xia)基本上作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)(yong),母驢體(ti)高1.2米以(yi)(yi)上留作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)繁殖,1.2米以(yi)(yi)下(xia)及橫(heng)(heng)雜(za)(za)毛色的作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)(yong)。
3.生(sheng)長過程(cheng)管(guan)理:從配(pei)種(zhong)、胚胎到(dao)幼(you)駒,生(sheng)長為成驢(三春),完成它的生(sheng)長發(fa)育期,按照生(sheng)長發(fa)育的優劣,留為種(zhong)用(yong)或(huo)肉用(yong)規(gui)律,一般分為6個時期。
(1)胚胎(tai)期(qi):母驢(lv)懷胎(tai)360多天才能產駒,要加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)護理,增加(jia)(jia)營(ying)養(yang)。養(yang)好(hao)妊娠(shen)母驢(lv),保證胎(tai)兒正常發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)。由(you)于(yu)先天發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)的(de)良好(hao),才能為生后(hou)(hou)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)奠定(ding)基礎,胎(tai)兒的(de)營(ying)養(yang)由(you)母體獲(huo)得(de)。因此,必(bi)須加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)妊娠(shen)母驢(lv)的(de)飼(si)養(yang),特別(bie)是妊娠(shen)最后(hou)(hou)2—3個月。所以(yi)養(yang)好(hao)妊娠(shen)母驢(lv)對胎(tai)兒及(ji)生后(hou)(hou)的(de)良好(hao)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)都有著雙重的(de)意義。
(2)幼(you)駒期:幼(you)駒出(chu)生(sheng)后在(zai)兩(liang)小時(shi)內應(ying)盡早(zao)吃(chi)好初乳(ru),產(chan)后3天(tian)以內的(de)(de)(de)初乳(ru)營養(yang)豐富,含有(you)抗體和較(jiao)多無機(ji)鹽類,可增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)驢駒的(de)(de)(de)免(mian)疫力和胎糞的(de)(de)(de)排出(chu)。在(zai)吃(chi)飽營養(yang)豐富的(de)(de)(de)母乳(ru)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,從1-2月齡(ling)(ling)時(shi)開始喂精料,每天(tian)150—200克(ke),兩(liang)個月后逐(zhu)步增(zeng)加到0.5千(qian)克(ke),斷奶時(shi)達到0.75—1千(qian)克(ke),1—6月齡(ling)(ling)以內,幼(you)駒的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du),體長(chang)(chang)(chang)、胸(xiong)圍的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)值都超(chao)過20厘(li)米(mi),為生(sheng)后生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)最快時(shi)期。另(ling)外,還要補充食鹽、骨粉10—15克(ke),飼草任其采(cai)食。
(3)兩歲期(qi):兩歲驢(lv)駒體長(chang)相對(dui)生(sheng)長(chang)發育速度加快,體長(chang)可占(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)的93.7%,此時體高和管圍分別占(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)驢(lv)的96%和97%,只有胸圍占(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)的89%。精料(liao)(豆類、玉米(mi)、麩皮、麻參、骨粉)每日可喂3—4公斤左(zuo)右。
(4)3歲期:3歲時驢的(de)(de)胸圍(wei)生長(chang)(chang)速度(du)增快,胸圍(wei)占成(cheng)年驢的(de)(de)94.8%,而這(zhe)時體(ti)高、體(ti)長(chang)(chang)和管圍(wei)分別(bie)占成(cheng)年驢的(de)(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲時驢的(de)(de)體(ti)尺接近成(cheng)年驢體(ti)尺,體(ti)格基(ji)本(ben)定(ding)型,胸圍(wei)和體(ti)重(zhong)以后有(you)小(xiao)的(de)(de)增長(chang)(chang),性(xing)機能已完全成(cheng)熟,可以投入配(pei)種繁殖。精料與兩(liang)歲駒(ju)基(ji)本(ben)相同,每頭母驢在飼(si)養、管理好(hao)的(de)(de)情況下,應產駒(ju)10—16頭。
(5)產(chan)品屠宰(zai)(zai)及(ji)產(chan)后(hou)(hou)處理(li)規定:育(yu)(yu)肥驢屠宰(zai)(zai)應(ying)在(zai)四(si)歲至十五(wu)歲之間,通過(guo)短期(qi)育(yu)(yu)肥,屠宰(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)胴(dong)體修整、劈半(ban)、水沖、檢(jian)驗(yan)和加蓋(gai)衛生檢(jian)疫章等工(gong)(gong)序,要及(ji)時冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)。冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)溫(wen)度應(ying)在(zai)-5℃以下。3.6生產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu):為達(da)到色、香、味(wei)美(mei)。廣靈畫(hua)眉驢屠宰(zai)(zai)、加工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)、公司、小(xiao)區(qu)、合作社組織和養殖戶(hu),應(ying)當(dang)按照《農產(chan)品質量安(an)全法(fa)》的(de)(de)要求(qiu),建立喂養記(ji)錄(lu)和防病(bing)治病(bing)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu),記(ji)載近期(qi)投入品的(de)(de)名稱、來(lai)源;疾(ji)病(bing)最后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)治療時間,停藥(yao)的(de)(de)最后(hou)(hou)時期(qi)。記(ji)錄(lu)保存(cun)二年(nian)。