一.產品介紹
廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)(de)來(lai)源,無歷史記(ji)載(zai),傳(chuan)說不(bu)一(yi),據縣(xian)(xian)志(見附件)記(ji)載(zai),早在(zai)200年以前,驢(lv)就列(lie)為廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)大牲畜之一(yi),因當時靈(ling)(ling)(ling)丘、陽原來(lai)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)買驢(lv)的(de)(de)販子(zi)較多(duo),到民國后期,主要(yao)分布(bu)在(zai)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)、靈(ling)(ling)(ling)丘、陽原三縣(xian)(xian)周圍(wei)。我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)產驢(lv)區中心以加斗、蕉(jiao)山、王洼、南(nan)村、城關公社密度較大,戶均5頭。 廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說及故事:
1、據(ju)云(yun)南到(dao)廣靈做買賣的生意人傳說,廣靈畫眉(mei)驢(lv)真是厲害,被云(yun)南某驢(lv)場購進后,在一(yi)(yi)次山區放牧(mu)中,遇見一(yi)(yi)只老虎,放牧(mu)人危恐(kong)老虎撲向驢(lv)群(qun),這時驢(lv)群(qun)中的公種驢(lv)跑(pao)到(dao)最前面,放聲宏亮(liang)的叫了(le)起來,把(ba)老虎給嚇跑(pao)了(le)。
2、據從1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始一直(zhi)干獸(shou)醫、站長(chang)(chang)、副局(ju)長(chang)(chang)、局(ju)長(chang)(chang)崗位29年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)史寶洲介紹說(shuo),他小時候聽民(min)間講述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從什么時間開(kai)(kai)始叫(jiao)為(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)。早(zao)在(zai)300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,因它的(de)內(nei)(nei)耳、眼(yan)圈、嘴(zui)頭、前胸、肚底長(chang)(chang)為(wei)白色(se),被毛為(wei)黑色(se),形如美麗的(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉鳥,所以人(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾從那時開(kai)(kai)始就叫(jiao)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)歷史文獻(xian)、著作等有關資料(liao):從1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始,山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)獸(shou)醫科(ke)研(yan)所與(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學(xue)院(yuan)協作,對(dui)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜禽進行了(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面調查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)編寫(xie)的(de)《山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家畜家禽良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)圖譜》一書(shu)中就有廣靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉開(kai)(kai)基(ji)(ji)副省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)工作會議總(zong)結報告(gao)中就講到(dao)(dao)廣靈(ling)、聞(wen)喜為(wei)優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)繁殖基(ji)(ji)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(會后(hou)正式由山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府下(xia)發文件(jian)),確定西(xi)加斗、王洼(wa)莊(zhuang)、南(nan)岳(yue)莊(zhuang)、西(xi)宜興、將官莊(zhuang)、張家洼(wa)等51個(ge)村(cun)(cun),為(wei)繁殖基(ji)(ji)地(di)村(cun)(cun)。對(dui)于(yu)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工作,從1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,先后(hou)聘請山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)農(nong)學(xue)院(yuan)養馬(驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv))專家朱先煌、許金友,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)校校長(chang)(chang)于(yu)大甲(jia)等教授和(he)畜禽品種(zhong)(zhong)編委的(de)同(tong)志(zhi)鑒定。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學(xue)院(yuan)畜牧(mu)獸(shou)醫系和(he)廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)畜牧(mu)局(ju)共(gong)同(tong)編寫(xie)了(le)資料(liao)匯編《山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)廣靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)1日,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)技術經驗交流會從山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)夏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轉到(dao)(dao)廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)繼續開(kai)(kai)會,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)馬匹畜種(zhong)(zhong)委員(yuan)會的(de)6個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)獸(shou)醫研(yan)究(jiu)所和(he)本(ben)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直(zhi)單(dan)位、院(yuan)校、12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)代表共(gong)75人(ren)(ren)(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)),對(dui)廣靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)(chang)期的(de)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)和(he)精心(xin)飼養給(gei)予高度評(ping)價(jia)。并于(yu)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)通過了(le)技術鑒定(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。將廣靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定為(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)四大優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之一。對(dui)其中一頭高1.6米的(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),認定為(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之最,世界亦屬罕見(jian),當時參會人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)就叫(jiao)這頭驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)王(見(jian)圖片)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)載入全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)《馬驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)品種(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)》一書(shu)(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。截(jie)止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府共(gong)舉(ju)辦了(le)三屆畫(hua)(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)評(ping)賽大會(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)于(yu)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)被列(lie)入山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)營種(zhong)(zhong)畜場(chang)名(ming)單(dan)內(nei)(nei)(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。
據(ju)縣(xian)畜牧獸(shou)醫局統(tong)計,從(cong)六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)初到現(xian)在,全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共有(you)(you)(you)24個省、市自治區(qu)(qu)和本省38個市、縣(xian)、區(qu)(qu)累計從(cong)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)調(diao)出優(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)3560多頭(tou)。據(ju)本縣(xian)蕉山鄉東崖(ya)頭(tou)村(cun)尉金講(jiang)述:“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)于1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)越南民主共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)3頭(tou),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)7頭(tou),組織(zhi)上選(xuan)派他和另外兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與雁北(bei)地區(qu)(qu)畜牧局的(de)(de)3位(wei)同志(zhi)一起(qi)用(yong)(yong)汽車(che)、火車(che)護(hu)送到越南國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境內”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)這一優(you)良(liang)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以其特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)、役(yi)用(yong)(yong)、肉(rou)用(yong)(yong)價值,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)皮(pi)是阿膠藥物的(de)(de)主要原料,有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)藥用(yong)(yong)價值,因此廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)馳(chi)名(ming)中外,譽(yu)滿全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部第662號公(gong)告確定(ding)(ding)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級畜禽遺傳資源(yuan)保護(hu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府召開(kai)了(le)“首屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)化節”(見圖片)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月我(wo)縣(xian)第一批獲(huo)得國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍(wei)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)優(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)(chang)獲(huo)得廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)養殖協會,已將(jiang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)報送國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)商(shang)標局注冊(見附件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)是傳統(tong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)縣(xian),隨著農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構的(de)(de)進一步(bu)調(diao)整(zheng),傳統(tong)的(de)(de)谷子和豆類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴大(da),全縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)谷子的(de)(de)面積從(cong)二OO一年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)3.5萬畝(mu)(mu),上升到10萬畝(mu)(mu),豆類面積也上升到4.5萬畝(mu)(mu)。再加上全縣(xian)32萬畝(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)玉米(mi)秸桿,還有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)然草場(chang)(chang),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草也逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴大(da),飼(si)(si)草、飼(si)(si)料為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)發展具備了(le)雄厚的(de)(de)物質(zhi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。更(geng)是開(kai)辟了(le)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民致富(fu)的(de)(de)道路,對于實施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增效,農(nong)(nong)民增收(shou),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding),繁榮市場(chang)(chang),改善食物結(jie)構豐富(fu)菜籃子,提高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民生活水平奠(dian)定(ding)(ding)了(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu),產(chan)品(pin)將(jiang)銷往(wang)大(da)同、太(tai)原、北(bei)京、天(tian)津、河北(bei)等(deng)大(da)中型城市,逐步(bu)遠銷國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內外大(da)市場(chang)(chang)。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)東北邊(bian)陲(chui),北依陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)、天(tian)鎮縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)傍北岳恒山(shan)(shan)東襟(jin),南(nan)與靈(ling)邱縣(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)鄰(lin),東接(jie)朔蔚(yu)公(gong)路和(he)河(he)(he)(he)北省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤(rang)(rang),是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)距離北京市(shi)最近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總面積1283平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)半山(shan)(shan)半川,縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)西(xi)、北部(bu)(bu)多為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),西(xi)高(gao)(gao)東低,北高(gao)(gao)南(nan)低,形如(ru)四塊盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di),自(zi)然地(di)(di)(di)(di)形可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、平(ping)原三(san)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),各占三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)左(zuo)右(you)。壺(hu)流河(he)(he)(he)慣穿東西(xi),水(shui)(shui)源充沛,交通方(fang)便(bian),土地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥沃。1.土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang)(kuang):廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)處雁(yan)北高(gao)(gao)寒(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian),土壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型以礫石、沙土、壤(rang)(rang)土、粘(zhan)土為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),土壤(rang)(rang)PH值(zhi)7.2—7.8之間(jian)。有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿解(jie)氮210.2mg/kg,有效磷126.2mg/kg,速(su)效鉀568mg/kg,這(zhe)種(zhong)土質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)養(yang)分(fen)較高(gao)(gao),加之縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)內沒(mei)有工業污染,為(wei)(wei)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫(hu)(hu)麻(ma)等小雜(za)糧(liang)最佳(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)。這(zhe)幾種(zhong)植物正是(shi)(shi)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)整個生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期不可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飼料和(he)飼草(cao)(cao)。2.水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang):該縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)內壺(hu)流河(he)(he)(he)、枕頭(tou)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)庫、下(xia)河(he)(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)庫、水(shui)(shui)神(shen)堂(tang)交匯于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)城東和(he)縣(xian)(xian)城南(nan),水(shui)(shui)資源極(ji)為(wei)(wei)豐富。主(zhu)要澆灌宜(yi)興、加斗、蕉山(shan)(shan)和(he)壺(hu)泉四個大(da)鄉鎮74個大(da)村,枕頭(tou)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)庫,下(xia)河(he)(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)庫和(he)水(shui)(shui)神(shen)堂(tang)水(shui)(shui)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達到(dao)國家一(yi)級飲用水(shui)(shui)標準(zhun),富含多種(zhong)礦物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)清水(shui)(shui)秀、碧水(shui)(shui)藍天(tian),空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達到(dao)國家一(yi)級標準(zhun),很(hen)適(shi)宜(yi)谷(gu)子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫(hu)(hu)麻(ma)產(chan)品生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),為(wei)(wei)飼養(yang)廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)提供(gong)了(le)獨一(yi)無二的(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草(cao)(cao)料。3.氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang)(kuang):該縣(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)(gao)寒(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,春季(ji)少雨多風,夏季(ji)炎熱(re),最高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫達到(dao)34℃,降水(shui)(shui)集中在公(gong)歷6—9月(yue)間(jian),秋季(ji)多是(shi)(shi)晴朗涼爽(shuang)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),冬季(ji)寒(han)冷干燥,四季(ji)分(fen)明,無霜期差異較大(da),中部(bu)(bu)、東北部(bu)(bu)、東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)川為(wei)(wei)160天(tian)左(zuo)右(you),西(xi)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)130天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫9度,全(quan)年日照時(shi)(shi)數在2800—3100小時(shi)(shi)之間(jian),年平(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)415mm,與谷(gu)子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫(hu)(hu)麻(ma)等小雜(za)糧(liang)最佳(jia)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期吻合,為(wei)(wei)飼養(yang)廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)提供(gong)了(le)優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)優勢。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)農產品地理(li)標志(zhi)保護區(qu)域為(wei):廣(guang)靈縣所(suo)轄(xia)2鎮7個鄉(xiang)(xiang),即:南(nan)村(cun)(cun)鎮、壺泉鎮、加(jia)斗(dou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)(xiang)、宜興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蕉山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、斗(dou)泉鄉(xiang)(xiang)、梁莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、望(wang)狐鄉(xiang)(xiang)的180個行政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)(北至劉家溝(gou)村(cun)(cun),西至東(dong)福窯(yao)村(cun)(cun),南(nan)至聶家溝(gou)村(cun)(cun),東(dong)至下恩莊村(cun)(cun)),養殖(zhi)面積128300公頃(qing),年(nian)出(chu)欄4300多頭,出(chu)欄率(lv)占45%,年(nian)存欄9600多頭。地理(li)坐(zuo)標北緯39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之間,全境地勢西北高,東(dong)南(nan)低(di),從西北向東(dong)南(nan)逐漸(jian)傾(qing)斜,海(hai)拔最(zui)高2375米,最(zui)低(di)930米。
四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1.外在感官(guan)特征:廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢的外形(xing)特征是:體格(ge)高大,結構勻稱,肌肉豐滿(man),鼻梁平直,眼大微突,兩耳(er)豎立(li)而靈(ling)活(huo),背部寬廣(guang)平直,腹部充實,四肢粗壯,蹄質堅硬,尾粗長。因內耳(er)、眼圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸、肚底為白色(se),被毛(mao)為黑色(se),形(xing)如美麗的畫眉鳥,所以叫“畫眉驢”。
2.內(nei)在品質(zhi):廣靈畫眉驢(lv)肉(rou)營養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu),是一種低脂(zhi)肪(fang)、高蛋(dan)白質(zhi)的(de)食(shi)(shi)物。高等(deng)級的(de)驢(lv)胴體(ti)(ti),在屠(tu)宰車間吊起時(shi),整個體(ti)(ti)軀顯得豐(feng)滿(man),兩后腿之(zhi)(zhi)間呈(cheng)“U”字(zi)形,胴體(ti)(ti)肌(ji)肉(rou)發育良好(hao),肌(ji)肉(rou)纖維(wei)間的(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)沉積較多,呈(cheng)大理石狀。與(yu)牛肉(rou)、羊肉(rou)、豬肉(rou)相(xiang)比(bi),有著瘦肉(rou)多、脂(zhi)肪(fang)少的(de)特點,加之(zhi)(zhi)該畫眉驢(lv)肉(rou)有著特殊(shu)的(de)生物學和食(shi)(shi)品價值,因而深受消費者(zhe)的(de)歡(huan)迎。它的(de)內(nei)含成分(fen)為:水分(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰(hui)分(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)肪(fang)3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量≥485KJ/100g;鉀(jia)≥300mg/100g;鈉≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵≥3.0mg/100g;鋅(xin)≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸≥4.0%,其中油酸≥3.0%,亞(ya)(ya)油酸≥1.0%,亞(ya)(ya)麻酸≥0.2%;天門(men)冬氨酸≥1.5g/100g;谷(gu)氨酸≥2.5g/100g。
3.安全要求(qiu)(qiu):廣靈畫(hua)眉(mei)驢所飼喂的(de)草料(liao),飲用水,要求(qiu)(qiu)無毒無污染(ran),看病(bing)、防疫(yi)、打針、灌藥(yao)的(de)獸醫(yi)要有資質(zhi)證明,嚴禁雇用無任何證照(zhao)的(de)獸醫(yi)行醫(yi)。在(zai)屠宰(zai)前15天,嚴禁打針、灌藥(yao)和(he)(he)(he)飼喂不安全的(de)草料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)飲用水。所屠宰(zai)的(de)生(sheng)驢肉(rou)產品(pin)(pin)必(bi)須(xu)符(fu)合中華人民共和(he)(he)(he)國肉(rou)食類(lei)規定的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)安全指標(biao)(biao),在(zai)包(bao)裝、標(biao)(biao)識(shi)上需符(fu)合農業部《農產品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝和(he)(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)管理辦法》,進(jin)入市場的(de)必(bi)須(xu)遵守《農產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全法》及(ji)其它法律法規的(de)有關規定。包(bao)裝材料(liao)應符(fu)合GB11680和(he)(he)(he)GB89687的(de)規定,包(bao)裝物使用無毒油墨印刷,銷售和(he)(he)(he)包(bao)裝物應標(biao)(biao)注“廣靈畫(hua)眉(mei)驢”標(biao)(biao)志,并標(biao)(biao)明產品(pin)(pin)名稱、數量、產地、包(bao)裝日(ri)期、生(sheng)產單(dan)位(wei)、保質(zhi)期、產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量、執行標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)代號等級等內容。
五.特定生產方式
1.產地選(xuan)擇與特殊內(nei)容規定:產地要求(qiu):全(quan)縣所(suo)有飼(si)養畫眉驢的(de)(de)公司、場、合作社和(he)小區(qu)場所(suo)的(de)(de)基地選(xuan)擇,應遠離城區(qu)、工業污染區(qu)和(he)生(sheng)活垃圾場的(de)(de)地方,所(suo)飼(si)養的(de)(de)畫眉驢90%以(yi)上海拔在1200—1800米之間。環(huan)境質量:要選(xuan)擇空氣清新、水質純凈,具有良好生(sheng)態環(huan)境的(de)(de)地區(qu)。
2.品種選擇(ze)與特定要求:幼(you)駒選擇(ze)主要是眼圈、嘴頭、內耳、前胸、肚底均為(wei)白色(se),被毛(mao)為(wei)黑色(se),齒齊、口方、軀干長的留為(wei)種用(yong),橫雜毛(mao)色(se)的作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong)。特定要求:三(san)春公種驢體高1.30米(mi)以上作(zuo)為(wei)種用(yong),1.30米(mi)以下基本(ben)上作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong),母驢體高1.2米(mi)以上留作(zuo)種用(yong)繁殖(zhi),1.2米(mi)以下及橫雜毛(mao)色(se)的作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong)。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)過程管理:從配(pei)種、胚胎(tai)到幼駒,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)成驢(三(san)春),完成它的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育期,按照生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育的優劣,留為(wei)種用或肉用規律(lv),一般分為(wei)6個時期。
(1)胚胎期:母驢懷胎360多天才能產駒,要加(jia)強護理,增加(jia)營養(yang)(yang)。養(yang)(yang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)妊(ren)娠(shen)母驢,保(bao)證胎兒正常發(fa)(fa)育。由于先天發(fa)(fa)育的(de)良好(hao)(hao)(hao),才能為生(sheng)后(hou)發(fa)(fa)育奠定基礎,胎兒的(de)營養(yang)(yang)由母體獲得。因(yin)此,必(bi)須加(jia)強妊(ren)娠(shen)母驢的(de)飼養(yang)(yang),特別是(shi)妊(ren)娠(shen)最(zui)后(hou)2—3個月(yue)。所以養(yang)(yang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)妊(ren)娠(shen)母驢對胎兒及生(sheng)后(hou)的(de)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)育都有著雙重的(de)意義(yi)。
(2)幼駒(ju)期:幼駒(ju)出生后在(zai)兩(liang)小時(shi)內(nei)應盡早吃好初(chu)乳(ru),產后3天以內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)乳(ru)營養豐富(fu),含有抗體和較多無機鹽(yan)類,可增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)驢駒(ju)的(de)(de)(de)免疫力(li)和胎糞的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)出。在(zai)吃飽(bao)營養豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)母乳(ru)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,從1-2月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)時(shi)開始(shi)喂精(jing)料,每天150—200克,兩(liang)個月(yue)后逐(zhu)步增(zeng)(zeng)加到0.5千(qian)克,斷奶時(shi)達到0.75—1千(qian)克,1—6月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)以內(nei),幼駒(ju)的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du),體長(chang)(chang)、胸圍的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)值都(dou)超過20厘米,為生后生長(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)最快(kuai)時(shi)期。另外,還(huan)要補充(chong)食鹽(yan)、骨粉10—15克,飼草任其采食。
(3)兩歲(sui)期:兩歲(sui)驢駒體(ti)長相對生長發育速度加快,體(ti)長可占(zhan)成年(nian)(nian)的93.7%,此時體(ti)高和管圍分別占(zhan)成年(nian)(nian)驢的96%和97%,只有胸(xiong)圍占(zhan)成年(nian)(nian)的89%。精料(liao)(豆類(lei)、玉米、麩皮、麻參、骨粉)每日(ri)可喂3—4公(gong)斤左右。
(4)3歲(sui)(sui)期:3歲(sui)(sui)時(shi)驢(lv)的(de)胸圍生(sheng)長速度增(zeng)快,胸圍占成年(nian)驢(lv)的(de)94.8%,而這(zhe)時(shi)體(ti)高、體(ti)長和管(guan)圍分別占成年(nian)驢(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲(sui)(sui)時(shi)驢(lv)的(de)體(ti)尺接近成年(nian)驢(lv)體(ti)尺,體(ti)格基本定型,胸圍和體(ti)重以(yi)后有小的(de)增(zeng)長,性機能已完全(quan)成熟,可以(yi)投(tou)入配(pei)種繁殖。精料(liao)與(yu)兩(liang)歲(sui)(sui)駒(ju)基本相同,每頭母驢(lv)在飼養、管(guan)理好的(de)情(qing)況下(xia),應產駒(ju)10—16頭。
(5)產品屠宰(zai)及產后處理(li)規(gui)定:育肥(fei)驢屠宰(zai)應(ying)在四歲至(zhi)十五歲之間,通過短期(qi)育肥(fei),屠宰(zai)后應(ying)胴(dong)體修(xiu)整、劈(pi)半、水沖(chong)、檢驗(yan)和加蓋衛生檢疫章等(deng)工序,要及時(shi)冷(leng)凍(dong)(dong)。冷(leng)凍(dong)(dong)溫度應(ying)在-5℃以(yi)下。3.6生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求:為達(da)到色、香(xiang)、味美。廣靈畫眉(mei)驢屠宰(zai)、加工企業、公司、小區、合作社(she)組(zu)織和養(yang)殖戶,應(ying)當按(an)照《農(nong)產品質量安全法》的(de)要求,建立喂養(yang)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)和防病治(zhi)病的(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu),記(ji)(ji)載近期(qi)投入品的(de)名稱(cheng)、來源;疾病最后的(de)治(zhi)療(liao)時(shi)間,停(ting)藥的(de)最后時(shi)期(qi)。記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)保存二年。