一.產品介紹
大同(tong)小明(ming)綠豆主產(chan)區在大同(tong)縣(xian),種植歷(li)史悠久、面(mian)積大,是該縣(xian)傳統的(de)(de)名優特產(chan)和出(chu)口的(de)(de)拳頭產(chan)品。該縣(xian)的(de)(de)小明(ming)綠豆顆(ke)粒(li)飽滿,色澤深綠,發芽(ya)率和營(ying)養價值高,經測定,蛋白質含量(liang)(liang)25.6%,脂態(tai)含量(liang)(liang)0.7%,此外還有VA、VD等(deng)多種成(cheng)分,綠豆芽(ya)百克(ke)VC含量(liang)(liang)為6毫克(ke),是茄子的(de)(de)2倍。小明(ming)綠豆具有較高的(de)(de)藥用(yong)價值,可消腫下(xia)氣(qi),清熱解毒、利(li)小便(bian)、止渴消暑。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
大(da)同(tong)縣(xian)絕大(da)部(bu)分時(shi)間(jian)受西(xi)(xi)北(bei)氣流控制(zhi),溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣候物征明顯。年均(jun)氣溫(wen)6.4℃。年均(jun)積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)2846.5℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)為(wei)135天左右,年均(jun)日照時(shi)數為(wei)2987.8小(xiao)時(shi),日照時(shi)間(jian)較長。年均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量為(wei)386mm,非(fei)常適宜綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)作物生(sheng)長發育,在綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)收(shou)獲(huo)期(qi)間(jian)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較少(shao),利于涼(liang)曬和脫(tuo)粒(li)。大(da)同(tong)縣(xian)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)河流屬海河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,桑干(gan)河自西(xi)(xi)向東(dong)(dong)橫貫全境。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富(fu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)21處泉眼,儲量約15億立方(fang)(fang)米/年,可開采(cai)量0.67億立方(fang)(fang)米/年。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質多為(wei)巖(yan)石裂(lie)隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),西(xi)(xi)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)少(shao)量鹽堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。巖(yan)石裂(lie)隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)全縣(xian)主(zhu)要飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質清冽(lie)干(gan)醇。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)純天然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質優、無(wu)污染,除人畜吃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外,全縣(xian)仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)800多眼機井,用于農田灌溉(gai),所(suo)產黃花(hua)、蔬菜(cai)、綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)均(jun)為(wei)綠(lv)(lv)色有(you)(you)(you)(you)機產品或無(wu)公害農產品,深受市場青睞(lai),綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)生(sheng)長依靠天然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地勢為(wei)南(nan)北(bei)兩(liang)山(shan)夾一川槽形,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)平坦,東(dong)(dong)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)火山(shan)堆點綴,山(shan)地丘陵面積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)37%,實有(you)(you)(you)(you)耕地達79萬畝,其(qi)中(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)性耕地62萬畝。土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)(you)褐土(tu)(tu)、黃綿(mian)土(tu)(tu)、栗(li)(li)鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)、鹽堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)等六種(zhong)類型,其(qi)中(zhong)以褐土(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機質含量最多,但面積(ji)(ji)只占(zhan)全縣(xian)總面積(ji)(ji)的4%;栗(li)(li)鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)交(jiao)織成沙(sha)壤土(tu)(tu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)機質含量低,但面積(ji)(ji)大(da),占(zhan)總面積(ji)(ji)的66%,歷(li)年廣種(zhong)薄收(shou),是(shi)歷(li)史上綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)種(zhong)植的主(zhu)要區域。
三.地域范圍
大(da)同縣周士莊鎮(zhen)19個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),巨樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),許堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)20個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),峰峪鄉(xiang)(xiang)17個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),吉(ji)家莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)23個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),杜莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),西坪(ping)鎮(zhen)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)(xiang)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),共計115個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。地理坐標為東經113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北緯39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
1、外(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官特征:大同小明綠(lv)豆顆粒(li)飽滿、均勻(yun),色(se)澤(ze)鮮(xian)綠(lv)、手感(gan)柔綿,有(you)黃土高原特有(you)的清新氣味。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi):蛋(dan)白質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)≥25.6%,脂肪含量(liang)(liang)≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含量(liang)(liang)豐富,綠豆芽百克(ke)VC含量(liang)(liang)約為6mg。
3、安全要求:大同小明綠豆在生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中嚴格控制產(chan)品,質量安全,產(chan)品至少達到國家無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品標準(zhun),并(bing)積極組織企業進行無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品和綠色(se)食品認證。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特殊(shu)內(nei)容(rong)規定(ding):種(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)在干燥通風、光照時間較長的坡梁地(di)塊,海(hai)撥高度(du)1000米(mi)左右,雨水易排不(bu)易積(ji),有利于根(gen)系(xi)發育,減少病蟲危害(hai)。 1、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特定(ding)要求:綠豆種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)第(di)一茬結(jie)夾(jia)豆角,以粒(li)大飽滿(man)為(wei)前提,小而呈方形(xing)的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)不(bu)選(xuan)(xuan)用。
2、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管理(li):綠(lv)豆是典型的(de)(de)旱(han)作(zuo)農(nong)業,對(dui)土壤肥(fei)力要求不高。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)不宜(yi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei),施(shi)肥(fei)應(ying)以有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)為(wei)主,化(hua)肥(fei)為(wei)輔。如施(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei),化(hua)肥(fei)必須與有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)配(pei)合施(shi)用(yong)(yong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)以小滿前(qian)后播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)宜(yi),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每畝(mu)約1.5-2公斤(jin),畝(mu)施(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)1500公斤(jin),肥(fei)力中(zhong)等(deng)地(di)(di)塊畝(mu)留苗3500-4000株。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法:一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)犁開(kai)溝,手溜籽的(de)(de)方式等(deng)行(xing)距(ju)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。深(shen)度(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)不混合,播(bo)(bo)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)不接觸(chu)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,覆土嚴密(mi),播(bo)(bo)后適時(shi)填壓。為(wei)提高地(di)(di)溫(wen),便于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽,目前(qian)絕大(da)部分(fen)地(di)(di)塊進(jin)行(xing)覆膜生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。田間管理(li):中(zhong)耕(geng):在(zai)出苗與開(kai)花前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)1-2次中(zhong)耕(geng),做到三(san)鏟三(san)趟,在(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)育期鏟趟不脫節(jie),于綠(lv)豆封壟前(qian)結束,后期撥(bo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍(bian)大(da)草。病蟲草害防治(zhi):通過選用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪(lun)作(zuo)倒(dao)茬、培育壯苗、精(jing)耕(geng)細作(zuo)等(deng)農(nong)業措施(shi);有(you)限度(du)地(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)部分(fen)化(hua)學合成(cheng)農(nong)藥,每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)藥在(zai)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)季當中(zhong)只允許使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,使用(yong)(yong)要求、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)、方法等(deng)按(an)GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執行(xing)。嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)國家已公布的(de)(de)禁用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥。綠(lv)豆蚜蟲:可選4.5%氯氰(qing)菊(ju)酯乳油(you)1500倍液噴霧防治(zhi)。因(yin)此,這樣生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出的(de)(de)綠(lv)豆產(chan)(chan)品完(wan)全 符合《無公害綠(lv)豆生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規程(cheng)》。
3、產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)及產(chan)后處理規定:產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)全部采(cai)用人(ren)工采(cai)摘(zhai)的方法,防(fang)止籽粒破(po)碎、霉爛;收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后日曬自(zi)然涼干(gan);應(ying)在上(shang)午露水未干(gan)或傍晚時(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)。做(zuo)到單(dan)收(shou)割、單(dan)拉運、單(dan)堆(dui)放(fang)、單(dan)脫(tuo)粒、單(dan)貯藏。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)收(shou)購加(jia)(jia)工完全按(an)照《中(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共和國食品(pin)衛生(sheng)(sheng)法》要求,大氣(qi)環境符合《環境空氣(qi)質量(liang)標準》中(zhong)Ⅰ級規定。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)(ye)全部有生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)許可證和衛生(sheng)(sheng)許可證,加(jia)(jia)工人(ren)員身體健康。產(chan)品(pin)符合GB-1X123標準。
4、生產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)(lu):綠(lv)豆作物(wu)從(cong)選種、浸種、播種、病蟲(chong)害防治(zhi)、技術措施、農藥(yao)化肥的使用(yong)等(deng)全部(bu)由技術人(ren)員記錄(lu)(lu)建檔,從(cong)鄉村綠(lv)豆生產(chan)(chan)合作社到縣綠(lv)豆生產(chan)(chan)協(xie)會,都(dou)有明確的記錄(lu)(lu)。對于生產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)過程中投入品的名稱、使用(yong)時間、使用(yong)目的、使用(yong)方法、使用(yong)量等(deng)都(dou)以表格(ge)的形式記錄(lu)(lu)清(qing)楚。加工(gong)企業(ye)對加工(gong)工(gong)藝都(dou)有嚴格(ge)規(gui)定,加工(gong)時間、等(deng)級、數量也有明確記錄(lu)(lu)。