一.產品介紹
大同小明(ming)綠(lv)(lv)豆主產區在(zai)大同縣(xian),種(zhong)植歷史悠(you)久、面(mian)積大,是(shi)該縣(xian)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)名優(you)特產和出口的(de)(de)拳頭產品。該縣(xian)的(de)(de)小明(ming)綠(lv)(lv)豆顆(ke)粒飽滿,色(se)澤深綠(lv)(lv),發芽率和營養價值(zhi)高,經測定(ding),蛋白質含(han)(han)量(liang)25.6%,脂態含(han)(han)量(liang)0.7%,此外還(huan)有VA、VD等多(duo)種(zhong)成分,綠(lv)(lv)豆芽百克(ke)VC含(han)(han)量(liang)為6毫(hao)克(ke),是(shi)茄子的(de)(de)2倍。小明(ming)綠(lv)(lv)豆具有較高的(de)(de)藥用價值(zhi),可消(xiao)腫下氣,清熱解(jie)毒、利小便、止(zhi)渴消(xiao)暑。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
大同縣絕大部(bu)(bu)分時(shi)間(jian)受(shou)(shou)西(xi)北氣流控制,溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性氣候物征明顯(xian)。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)6.4℃。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)2846.5℃,無霜期(qi)為(wei)(wei)135天左右(you),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)2987.8小時(shi),日照(zhao)時(shi)間(jian)較(jiao)長(chang)。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)386mm,非常適宜綠(lv)豆(dou)作物生長(chang)發育,在綠(lv)豆(dou)收獲(huo)期(qi)間(jian)雨水(shui)(shui)較(jiao)少,利于(yu)涼曬(shai)和脫粒(li)。大同縣所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)河流屬海河水(shui)(shui)系,桑(sang)干河自西(xi)向東(dong)橫貫(guan)全境(jing)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)源豐富,有(you)(you)(you)21處泉(quan)眼(yan),儲量約15億立方米/年(nian),可開采量0.67億立方米/年(nian)。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)多為(wei)(wei)巖石裂隙(xi)水(shui)(shui),西(xi)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)少量鹽堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)。巖石裂隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)是全縣主要飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清冽干醇(chun)。水(shui)(shui)頭泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)、所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)純(chun)天然(ran)水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優、無污(wu)染,除人畜吃水(shui)(shui)外(wai),全縣仍有(you)(you)(you)800多眼(yan)機(ji)井,用(yong)于(yu)農田(tian)灌溉(gai),所(suo)產黃(huang)花、蔬(shu)菜、綠(lv)豆(dou)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)綠(lv)色(se)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產品(pin)或無公(gong)害農產品(pin),深受(shou)(shou)市場青睞(lai),綠(lv)豆(dou)生長(chang)依(yi)靠天然(ran)水(shui)(shui)。地(di)勢為(wei)(wei)南北兩(liang)山夾一川(chuan)槽(cao)形,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)平(ping)坦(tan),東(dong)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)火(huo)山堆點綴,山地(di)丘陵面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)占(zhan)37%,實(shi)有(you)(you)(you)耕地(di)達79萬(wan)畝,其中保護性耕地(di)62萬(wan)畝。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等六種(zhong)類型,其中以褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量最多,但面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)只占(zhan)全縣總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)4%;栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)交織(zhi)成沙壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量低(di),但面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大,占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)66%,歷(li)年(nian)廣種(zhong)薄收,是歷(li)史上綠(lv)豆(dou)種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)主要區域。
三.地域范圍
大同縣周士莊(zhuang)鎮19個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),巨樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),許(xu)堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)20個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),峰(feng)峪鄉(xiang)(xiang)17個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),吉家莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)23個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),杜莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),西坪鎮6個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)(xiang)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),共計(ji)115個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)。地理坐標為(wei)東經113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北緯39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四(si).產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特(te)征:大(da)同小明(ming)綠(lv)豆顆(ke)粒飽滿(man)、均勻,色(se)澤鮮綠(lv)、手(shou)感柔綿,有黃土高原特(te)有的(de)清新氣味。
2、內在品(pin)質:蛋(dan)白質量(liang)(liang)≥25.6%,脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含(han)量(liang)(liang)豐富,綠(lv)豆芽百克VC含(han)量(liang)(liang)約為6mg。
3、安(an)全(quan)(quan)要求(qiu):大(da)同小明綠豆在生產(chan)過(guo)程中嚴(yan)格控制產(chan)品(pin),質量安(an)全(quan)(quan),產(chan)品(pin)至少(shao)達到國家(jia)無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)標準,并積極組織(zhi)企業(ye)進行無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)綠色食(shi)品(pin)認證。
五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產(chan)地選擇(ze)與(yu)特殊內容規(gui)定(ding):種植(zhi)基地選擇(ze)在干燥通風、光(guang)照(zhao)時間較長的(de)坡梁地塊,海撥(bo)高度1000米左右,雨水易(yi)(yi)排不易(yi)(yi)積,有利于根系(xi)發育,減少病蟲危害(hai)。 1、品種選擇(ze)與(yu)特定(ding)要求:綠豆(dou)種子(zi)選擇(ze)第(di)一茬(cha)結夾豆(dou)角,以(yi)粒(li)大飽滿為前提,小而(er)呈方形的(de)種子(zi)不選用(yong)。
2、生(sheng)產(chan)過程管理:綠豆是典型的旱(han)作(zuo)(zuo)農業,對土(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)力要求不高(gao)。種(zhong)(zhong)植時不宜(yi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)應以(yi)(yi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,化肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)輔(fu)。如(ru)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei),化肥(fei)(fei)必須與有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)配合施(shi)用(yong)(yong),一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)(yi)小滿前(qian)后(hou)播種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)宜(yi),播種(zhong)(zhong)量一(yi)般(ban)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)約1.5-2公(gong)(gong)斤,畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)1500公(gong)(gong)斤,肥(fei)(fei)力中(zhong)(zhong)等地(di)塊(kuai)畝(mu)(mu)留苗3500-4000株。播種(zhong)(zhong)方法:一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)犁開溝,手溜籽的方式等行距播種(zhong)(zhong)。深度一(yi)般(ban)在4-6㎝。播種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)量:種(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)(fei)不混合,播后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)不接觸。播種(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)勻一(yi)致(zhi),覆(fu)土(tu)嚴密,播后(hou)適時填壓(ya)。為(wei)提高(gao)地(di)溫,便于種(zhong)(zhong)子發芽(ya),目(mu)前(qian)絕(jue)大(da)部分地(di)塊(kuai)進(jin)行覆(fu)膜生(sheng)產(chan)。田間管理:中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng):在出苗與開花前(qian)進(jin)行1-2次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng),做到三鏟(chan)三趟,在整個生(sheng)育期鏟(chan)趟不脫節(jie),于綠豆封壟前(qian)結束,后(hou)期撥(bo)一(yi)遍大(da)草(cao)。病蟲草(cao)害防(fang)治:通過選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)抗病品種(zhong)(zhong)、輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)倒茬、培育壯苗、精(jing)耕(geng)細作(zuo)(zuo)等農業措施(shi);有限度地(di)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)部分化學(xue)合成(cheng)農藥,每(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)農藥在作(zuo)(zuo)物生(sheng)長的一(yi)季(ji)當中(zhong)(zhong)只允許使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)次(ci),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)要求、用(yong)(yong)量、方法等按GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執行。嚴禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)國(guo)家(jia)已公(gong)(gong)布(bu)的禁用(yong)(yong)農藥。綠豆蚜蟲:可選(xuan)4.5%氯氰菊(ju)酯乳油1500倍液噴霧防(fang)治。因此,這樣生(sheng)產(chan)出的綠豆產(chan)品完全 符(fu)合《無公(gong)(gong)害綠豆生(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》。
3、產(chan)品收獲(huo)及產(chan)后處理(li)規定:產(chan)品收獲(huo)全部采用人(ren)工采摘的(de)方法(fa),防止(zhi)籽粒破碎、霉爛;收獲(huo)后日曬自(zi)然涼干;應(ying)在(zai)上(shang)午露水未干或傍晚時收獲(huo)。做到單(dan)(dan)收割、單(dan)(dan)拉運、單(dan)(dan)堆(dui)放(fang)、單(dan)(dan)脫(tuo)粒、單(dan)(dan)貯藏。企業收購加工完全按照(zhao)《中華人(ren)民共和國食(shi)品衛(wei)生(sheng)法(fa)》要求,大氣環境符合《環境空氣質量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準》中Ⅰ級規定。生(sheng)產(chan)加工企業全部有生(sheng)產(chan)許可證(zheng)和衛(wei)生(sheng)許可證(zheng),加工人(ren)員身體健康。產(chan)品符合GB-1X123標(biao)(biao)準。
4、生(sheng)產記錄(lu):綠豆(dou)(dou)作(zuo)物從(cong)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、病蟲(chong)害防治、技術措(cuo)施、農(nong)藥(yao)化(hua)肥(fei)的使(shi)用等全(quan)部由技術人員記錄(lu)建(jian)檔,從(cong)鄉村綠豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)產合作(zuo)社到縣(xian)綠豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)產協會,都(dou)有明確(que)的記錄(lu)。對于生(sheng)產加(jia)工過程中投入品的名稱、使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、使(shi)用目的、使(shi)用方法、使(shi)用量等都(dou)以(yi)表格的形式記錄(lu)清(qing)楚。加(jia)工企業對加(jia)工工藝都(dou)有嚴格規定(ding),加(jia)工時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、等級、數量也有明確(que)記錄(lu)。