一.產品介紹
大同小(xiao)(xiao)明(ming)綠(lv)豆(dou)主產(chan)區在大同縣(xian),種植(zhi)歷(li)史悠久、面積大,是該(gai)縣(xian)傳(chuan)統的(de)名優特產(chan)和出口的(de)拳頭產(chan)品。該(gai)縣(xian)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)明(ming)綠(lv)豆(dou)顆粒飽滿,色澤(ze)深綠(lv),發芽(ya)率和營養價值(zhi)高,經(jing)測定,蛋白質含量(liang)(liang)25.6%,脂態含量(liang)(liang)0.7%,此(ci)外還有VA、VD等多種成分,綠(lv)豆(dou)芽(ya)百克(ke)VC含量(liang)(liang)為6毫克(ke),是茄子的(de)2倍(bei)。小(xiao)(xiao)明(ming)綠(lv)豆(dou)具有較高的(de)藥用價值(zhi),可消腫下氣,清(qing)熱解毒、利(li)小(xiao)(xiao)便、止渴消暑(shu)。
二(er).自然(ran)生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
大同縣(xian)絕大部分(fen)時間(jian)(jian)受西(xi)(xi)北氣流控制,溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性氣候(hou)物(wu)征明顯。年均氣溫(wen)(wen)6.4℃。年均積溫(wen)(wen)2846.5℃,無霜期(qi)為(wei)135天(tian)左右,年均日照時數為(wei)2987.8小時,日照時間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)。年均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)386mm,非常適宜(yi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)豆作(zuo)物(wu)生長(chang)發(fa)育,在綠(lv)(lv)(lv)豆收獲期(qi)間(jian)(jian)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao),利(li)于(yu)涼曬和脫粒。大同縣(xian)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)河(he)流屬海河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),桑干河(he)自西(xi)(xi)向東橫貫全(quan)境。地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富(fu),有(you)(you)(you)21處泉(quan)眼,儲量(liang)約(yue)15億立方米/年,可開采量(liang)0.67億立方米/年。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)多為(wei)巖石裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui),西(xi)(xi)部有(you)(you)(you)少(shao)量(liang)鹽堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。巖石裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)全(quan)縣(xian)主要飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清冽干醇(chun)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)頭泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)純天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優、無污染,除人畜吃水(shui)(shui)(shui)外,全(quan)縣(xian)仍有(you)(you)(you)800多眼機(ji)井,用于(yu)農田(tian)灌溉,所(suo)產(chan)黃(huang)花、蔬菜、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)豆均為(wei)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)無公害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin),深受市場青睞,綠(lv)(lv)(lv)豆生長(chang)依靠(kao)天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。地勢為(wei)南北兩山夾一川槽形,西(xi)(xi)部平坦,東部有(you)(you)(you)火山堆點綴,山地丘陵面(mian)積占37%,實有(you)(you)(you)耕(geng)地達79萬(wan)畝,其中(zhong)保(bao)護性耕(geng)地62萬(wan)畝。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、栗(li)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)等六種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing),其中(zhong)以褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)最多,但面(mian)積只(zhi)占全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積的4%;栗(li)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)交(jiao)織成沙(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu),有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)低,但面(mian)積大,占總面(mian)積的66%,歷年廣種(zhong)薄收,是(shi)歷史上綠(lv)(lv)(lv)豆種(zhong)植(zhi)的主要區(qu)域。
三.地域范圍
大同(tong)縣(xian)周士(shi)莊鎮(zhen)19個(ge)村(cun)(cun),巨樂鄉(xiang)15個(ge)村(cun)(cun),許堡鄉(xiang)20個(ge)村(cun)(cun),峰峪鄉(xiang)17個(ge)村(cun)(cun),吉家莊鄉(xiang)23個(ge)村(cun)(cun),杜莊鄉(xiang)4個(ge)村(cun)(cun),西坪鎮(zhen)6個(ge)村(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)11個(ge)村(cun)(cun),共(gong)計115個(ge)村(cun)(cun)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北緯(wei)39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外(wai)在感(gan)官特征(zheng):大同(tong)小明(ming)綠豆(dou)顆粒飽滿、均勻,色澤鮮綠、手感(gan)柔綿,有黃土高原特有的清新氣味。
2、內(nei)在(zai)品質:蛋(dan)白質量≥25.6%,脂肪含量≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含量豐富,綠(lv)豆芽百克VC含量約為6mg。
3、安(an)全(quan)要求:大同(tong)小明綠(lv)豆在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程中嚴格控制產(chan)(chan)品(pin),質量安(an)全(quan),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)至少達(da)到國(guo)家無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)準,并(bing)積極組織企業進行無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)認(ren)證。
五.特定(ding)生產方(fang)式(shi)
1、產地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)特殊內容規定:種植基地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在干燥通風、光照時間較長的(de)坡梁(liang)地(di)塊,海撥(bo)高度1000米左右,雨水易排不易積,有利于根系發育,減(jian)少病蟲危(wei)害。 1、品(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)特定要求:綠豆種子選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)第一茬結夾豆角,以粒大飽滿為前提,小(xiao)而呈方形的(de)種子不選(xuan)(xuan)用。
2、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管理(li):綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)是(shi)典型的(de)(de)旱作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye),對土壤肥(fei)(fei)力(li)要(yao)求不高。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)不宜(yi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)應以有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)輔。如(ru)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei),化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)必須與(yu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)配(pei)合施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)以小滿前(qian)(qian)后(hou)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每畝(mu)約(yue)1.5-2公斤,畝(mu)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)1500公斤,肥(fei)(fei)力(li)中等(deng)(deng)地(di)塊畝(mu)留(liu)苗(miao)3500-4000株。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法:一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)犁開溝(gou),手溜籽的(de)(de)方式等(deng)(deng)行(xing)距播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。深度(du)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)(fei)不混合,播(bo)(bo)后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)不接觸。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻一(yi)(yi)致,覆(fu)土嚴(yan)密,播(bo)(bo)后(hou)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)填壓。為(wei)(wei)提高地(di)溫(wen),便于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽(ya),目前(qian)(qian)絕大部分地(di)塊進(jin)行(xing)覆(fu)膜生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。田間(jian)管理(li):中耕(geng):在(zai)出苗(miao)與(yu)開花前(qian)(qian)進(jin)行(xing)1-2次中耕(geng),做到三鏟(chan)三趟,在(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)鏟(chan)趟不脫節,于綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)封(feng)壟前(qian)(qian)結束,后(hou)期(qi)撥一(yi)(yi)遍大草。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草害(hai)防治(zhi):通過(guo)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪(lun)作(zuo)倒茬、培(pei)育(yu)壯苗(miao)、精耕(geng)細作(zuo)等(deng)(deng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)措施(shi);有(you)(you)限度(du)地(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)部分化(hua)學合成農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)季當中只允(yun)許使用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)次,使用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)求、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量、方法等(deng)(deng)按(an)GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執(zhi)行(xing)。嚴(yan)禁(jin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)家(jia)已公布的(de)(de)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)蚜蟲(chong):可選(xuan)(xuan)4.5%氯氰(qing)菊酯乳油1500倍液噴霧(wu)防治(zhi)。因(yin)此,這(zhe)樣生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)產(chan)品完全 符(fu)合《無公害(hai)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》。
3、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品收獲及(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處理(li)規(gui)定(ding):產(chan)(chan)(chan)品收獲全部采(cai)用人工采(cai)摘的方(fang)法(fa),防(fang)止籽(zi)粒(li)破碎、霉(mei)爛;收獲后(hou)日曬自然涼干;應在上午(wu)露水未干或傍(bang)晚(wan)時收獲。做(zuo)到單(dan)收割、單(dan)拉運、單(dan)堆放、單(dan)脫粒(li)、單(dan)貯(zhu)藏。企(qi)業收購加(jia)工完全按照《中華人民共和國食(shi)品衛(wei)生法(fa)》要(yao)求,大氣環境符合(he)《環境空氣質(zhi)量標準》中Ⅰ級(ji)規(gui)定(ding)。生產(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)工企(qi)業全部有(you)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)可證和衛(wei)生許(xu)可證,加(jia)工人員身體健康(kang)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品符合(he)GB-1X123標準。
4、生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu):綠豆作物從(cong)選種(zhong)(zhong)、浸種(zhong)(zhong)、播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)、病蟲害防(fang)治(zhi)、技(ji)術措施、農藥化肥的(de)使用(yong)(yong)等(deng)全部由技(ji)術人員記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)建檔,從(cong)鄉村綠豆生產(chan)(chan)合作社到縣綠豆生產(chan)(chan)協(xie)會,都(dou)有明確(que)的(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。對于生產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中投入(ru)品的(de)名(ming)稱、使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)、使用(yong)(yong)目的(de)、使用(yong)(yong)方法、使用(yong)(yong)量等(deng)都(dou)以表(biao)格(ge)(ge)的(de)形式記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)清楚。加工(gong)(gong)企業對加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)都(dou)有嚴格(ge)(ge)規定,加工(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)、等(deng)級、數量也有明確(que)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。