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一.產品介紹

大(da)同小明綠(lv)豆主產區在(zai)大(da)同縣，種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史悠久、面(mian)積大(da)，是(shi)該縣傳(chuan)統的名(ming)優特產和出口的拳(quan)頭產品。該縣的小明綠(lv)豆顆粒飽滿，色(se)澤深綠(lv)，發芽(ya)率和營養(yang)價值高(gao)，經測定，蛋白質含量(liang)(liang)25.6%，脂態含量(liang)(liang)0.7%，此外還有(you)VA、VD等多種(zhong)成(cheng)分，綠(lv)豆芽(ya)百克VC含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)6毫(hao)克，是(shi)茄子的2倍(bei)。小明綠(lv)豆具有(you)較高(gao)的藥(yao)用價值，可消(xiao)腫下氣，清熱解(jie)毒、利小便(bian)、止渴(ke)消(xiao)暑(shu)。

二.自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因素(su)

大同縣(xian)絕大部分時(shi)間受西(xi)北氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)控制，溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)物征明(ming)顯(xian)。年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)6.4℃。年(nian)均(jun)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)2846.5℃，無霜期(qi)為(wei)135天左右，年(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數為(wei)2987.8小時(shi)，日(ri)照時(shi)間較長。年(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量為(wei)386mm，非常(chang)適宜綠(lv)豆作物生長發育，在綠(lv)豆收獲(huo)期(qi)間雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較少，利(li)于涼曬和(he)脫粒。大同縣(xian)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)河流(liu)屬海河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，桑(sang)干河自西(xi)向東(dong)橫貫(guan)全(quan)(quan)境。地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富，有(you)(you)(you)(you)21處泉(quan)眼(yan)(yan)，儲(chu)量約15億立方米/年(nian)，可開采(cai)量0.67億立方米/年(nian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)多為(wei)巖(yan)石裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，西(xi)部有(you)(you)(you)(you)少量鹽堿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。巖(yan)石裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)主要(yao)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清冽干醇。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)純天然水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優、無污染(ran)，除人畜吃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)仍(reng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)800多眼(yan)(yan)機(ji)井，用于農(nong)田灌(guan)溉(gai)，所(suo)(suo)產黃花、蔬菜(cai)、綠(lv)豆均(jun)為(wei)綠(lv)色有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產品(pin)或無公害農(nong)產品(pin)，深受市場青睞，綠(lv)豆生長依靠天然水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)勢(shi)為(wei)南(nan)北兩山夾一川槽形，西(xi)部平坦，東(dong)部有(you)(you)(you)(you)火山堆(dui)點綴(zhui)，山地(di)(di)丘陵面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)占37%，實(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)耕(geng)地(di)(di)達(da)79萬畝(mu)，其中保護(hu)性耕(geng)地(di)(di)62萬畝(mu)。土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)(you)褐土(tu)(tu)、黃綿土(tu)(tu)、栗鈣土(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、鹽堿土(tu)(tu)等(deng)六種(zhong)類型，其中以(yi)褐土(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量最多，但面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)只占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的4%；栗鈣土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)交織(zhi)成(cheng)沙壤土(tu)(tu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量低，但面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大，占總面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的66%，歷(li)年(nian)廣種(zhong)薄收，是歷(li)史上綠(lv)豆種(zhong)植(zhi)的主要(yao)區(qu)域(yu)。

三.地域范圍

大同縣(xian)周士莊鎮19個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，巨樂鄉(xiang)15個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，許堡鄉(xiang)20個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，峰(feng)峪(yu)鄉(xiang)17個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，吉家莊鄉(xiang)23個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，杜莊鄉(xiang)4個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，西坪鎮6個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，瓜園鄉(xiang)11個(ge)村(cun)(cun)，共計115個(ge)村(cun)(cun)。地理坐標為(wei)東經113°20′00″～113°35′00″，北緯(wei)39°43′00″～40°16′00″。

四(si).產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外在感官特征：大(da)同小明(ming)綠豆顆粒(li)飽滿、均勻(yun)，色澤鮮綠、手感柔綿，有(you)黃(huang)土高原特有(you)的清(qing)新氣(qi)味(wei)。

2、內在品質：蛋白質量(liang)≥25.6%，脂肪含(han)量(liang)≥0.8%，VA、VD、VB2含(han)量(liang)豐富(fu)，綠豆芽百克VC含(han)量(liang)約(yue)為(wei)6mg。

3、安(an)全要求：大同小明綠豆在生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中嚴格(ge)控制產(chan)(chan)品，質量(liang)安(an)全，產(chan)(chan)品至少達到國(guo)家無(wu)公(gong)害農產(chan)(chan)品標(biao)準，并積極(ji)組織企業進行無(wu)公(gong)害農產(chan)(chan)品和綠色食品認證。

五.特定生產方(fang)式(shi)

1、產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規(gui)定(ding)：種(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)在干燥通風、光照時間較長(chang)的坡梁(liang)地(di)(di)塊，海撥(bo)高度1000米(mi)左(zuo)右，雨水易排不易積，有利于根系發育，減少病蟲危害。 1、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定(ding)要求：綠豆種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)擇(ze)第一(yi)茬結夾豆角，以粒(li)大飽滿為前提，小而(er)呈方形的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)不選(xuan)用。 

2、生產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)：綠(lv)(lv)豆是典型的旱(han)作農業，對土壤肥(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)要求不(bu)高。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)不(bu)宜施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)應以(yi)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)為輔。如施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)，化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)必須與(yu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)配合(he)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，一(yi)般以(yi)小滿前后(hou)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為宜，播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一(yi)般每畝約1.5-2公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，畝施(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)1500公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，肥(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)地塊(kuai)畝留苗(miao)3500-4000株。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法：一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)犁開溝(gou)，手溜籽(zi)的方式等(deng)(deng)行(xing)距播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。深度一(yi)般在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)(fei)不(bu)混合(he)，播(bo)后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)不(bu)接觸。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻一(yi)致，覆土嚴(yan)密，播(bo)后(hou)適時(shi)填壓。為提高地溫，便于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽(ya)，目前絕大(da)部(bu)分地塊(kuai)進行(xing)覆膜(mo)生產(chan)。田間管(guan)理(li)：中(zhong)耕(geng)：在(zai)出(chu)苗(miao)與(yu)開花前進行(xing)1-2次中(zhong)耕(geng)，做到(dao)三鏟(chan)三趟，在(zai)整個生育期鏟(chan)趟不(bu)脫(tuo)節，于(yu)綠(lv)(lv)豆封壟前結束(shu)，后(hou)期撥(bo)一(yi)遍大(da)草。病蟲(chong)草害防(fang)治(zhi)：通過選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)抗病品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪作倒茬(cha)、培育壯苗(miao)、精(jing)耕(geng)細(xi)作等(deng)(deng)農業措施(shi)(shi)；有(you)(you)限(xian)度地使(shi)用(yong)(yong)部(bu)分化(hua)學合(he)成農藥，每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農藥在(zai)作物生長的一(yi)季當中(zhong)只允(yun)許(xu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)次，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要求、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)、方法等(deng)(deng)按GB4285、GB8321（1-6）執行(xing)。嚴(yan)禁使(shi)用(yong)(yong)國(guo)家(jia)已公(gong)布(bu)的禁用(yong)(yong)農藥。綠(lv)(lv)豆蚜蟲(chong)：可選(xuan)4.5%氯(lv)氰菊酯乳油(you)1500倍液噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)。因此，這樣生產(chan)出(chu)的綠(lv)(lv)豆產(chan)品完(wan)全 符合(he)《無(wu)公(gong)害綠(lv)(lv)豆生產(chan)技術規程(cheng)》。 

3、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲及(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理規(gui)定：產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲全部(bu)采用人工采摘的方法(fa)，防(fang)止籽粒(li)破碎(sui)、霉爛(lan)；收獲后日曬(shai)自然涼干(gan)；應在上(shang)午露水未(wei)干(gan)或傍晚時(shi)收獲。做到單(dan)收割、單(dan)拉運(yun)、單(dan)堆放、單(dan)脫粒(li)、單(dan)貯藏。企(qi)業收購加工完全按照《中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國食品(pin)衛生(sheng)法(fa)》要(yao)求(qiu)，大氣環(huan)境(jing)符合《環(huan)境(jing)空氣質量標準》中(zhong)(zhong)Ⅰ級規(gui)定。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工企(qi)業全部(bu)有生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可證和衛生(sheng)許可證，加工人員(yuan)身體健康。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)符合GB-1X123標準。 

4、生(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)：綠豆作(zuo)物從選種(zhong)、浸種(zhong)、播種(zhong)、病蟲害防治(zhi)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施、農(nong)藥化肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用等全(quan)部由技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)建檔，從鄉村綠豆生(sheng)產合(he)作(zuo)社到縣綠豆生(sheng)產協會，都有明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。對(dui)(dui)于生(sheng)產加工(gong)過程中(zhong)投入(ru)品的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)、使(shi)(shi)用時間、使(shi)(shi)用目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)、使(shi)(shi)用方法、使(shi)(shi)用量等都以表格的(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)清楚。加工(gong)企業對(dui)(dui)加工(gong)工(gong)藝都有嚴格規定，加工(gong)時間、等級(ji)、數量也有明確(que)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。