一.產品介紹
大同(tong)小明綠(lv)豆主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區在(zai)大同(tong)縣(xian)(xian),種植(zhi)歷史悠(you)久(jiu)、面積大,是該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)統的(de)名優特產(chan)(chan)和出口的(de)拳頭產(chan)(chan)品。該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)小明綠(lv)豆顆粒(li)飽(bao)滿,色(se)澤深綠(lv),發芽(ya)率和營養價值高(gao)(gao),經測定,蛋白質含(han)量25.6%,脂(zhi)態含(han)量0.7%,此外還有(you)VA、VD等多種成分,綠(lv)豆芽(ya)百克VC含(han)量為6毫克,是茄子的(de)2倍。小明綠(lv)豆具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)藥用價值,可消腫下氣,清熱解毒、利(li)小便、止渴消暑。
二(er).自然生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
大(da)同縣絕大(da)部分(fen)時(shi)間受西北(bei)氣流(liu)控(kong)制,溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性(xing)氣候物征明顯。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)6.4℃。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)2846.5℃,無霜(shuang)期為135天左(zuo)右,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數(shu)為2987.8小(xiao)時(shi),日照時(shi)間較長(chang)。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量為386mm,非常適宜綠(lv)豆(dou)作物生長(chang)發育,在綠(lv)豆(dou)收獲期間雨水較少,利(li)于涼曬和脫粒(li)。大(da)同縣所(suo)有(you)(you)河流(liu)屬海(hai)河水系,桑干河自西向東(dong)橫貫全(quan)境。地下(xia)水源豐富(fu),有(you)(you)21處泉眼,儲量約15億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),可(ke)開采量0.67億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/年(nian)。水質多(duo)為巖(yan)石裂隙水,西部有(you)(you)少量鹽堿(jian)水。巖(yan)石裂隙水是全(quan)縣主(zhu)要飲用(yong)水,水質清冽干醇。水頭泉水、所(suo)有(you)(you)地下(xia)水為純天然(ran)水,水質優、無污染,除(chu)人(ren)畜吃水外,全(quan)縣仍有(you)(you)800多(duo)眼機井(jing),用(yong)于農田灌溉,所(suo)產黃花、蔬(shu)菜、綠(lv)豆(dou)均(jun)(jun)為綠(lv)色有(you)(you)機產品或無公(gong)害農產品,深受市場(chang)青睞,綠(lv)豆(dou)生長(chang)依靠天然(ran)水。地勢為南北(bei)兩山(shan)夾(jia)一川槽形,西部平坦,東(dong)部有(you)(you)火山(shan)堆點綴,山(shan)地丘陵面積(ji)占(zhan)37%,實有(you)(you)耕(geng)地達(da)79萬畝,其中(zhong)保(bao)護性(xing)耕(geng)地62萬畝。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)等六種類型,其中(zhong)以褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)機質含量最多(duo),但面積(ji)只占(zhan)全(quan)縣總面積(ji)的(de)4%;栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)交織成沙壤土(tu)(tu)(tu),有(you)(you)機質含量低,但面積(ji)大(da),占(zhan)總面積(ji)的(de)66%,歷年(nian)廣種薄收,是歷史上綠(lv)豆(dou)種植的(de)主(zhu)要區域(yu)。
三.地域范圍
大同(tong)縣周士(shi)莊鎮(zhen)19個村(cun)(cun)(cun),巨樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)15個村(cun)(cun)(cun),許堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)20個村(cun)(cun)(cun),峰峪鄉(xiang)(xiang)17個村(cun)(cun)(cun),吉家莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)23個村(cun)(cun)(cun),杜莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個村(cun)(cun)(cun),西(xi)坪鎮(zhen)6個村(cun)(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)(xiang)11個村(cun)(cun)(cun),共(gong)計115個村(cun)(cun)(cun)。地理坐標為東(dong)經113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北(bei)緯39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特征:大(da)同小明綠豆顆粒飽滿、均勻,色澤鮮綠、手感柔綿,有黃土高原特有的(de)清新氣味。
2、內在品質:蛋白(bai)質量(liang)≥25.6%,脂肪含量(liang)≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含量(liang)豐富,綠豆(dou)芽百克VC含量(liang)約為6mg。
3、安(an)全要求:大同小明綠豆(dou)在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中嚴格控制產(chan)品(pin)(pin),質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)至少達到國(guo)家(jia)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)標準,并積極(ji)組織企業進行無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)綠色食品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)。
五.特定(ding)生產方(fang)式
1、產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與特殊內容規定:種植基地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在干(gan)燥通(tong)風、光照時(shi)間較長的坡梁地(di)(di)塊,海撥(bo)高(gao)度1000米左(zuo)右,雨(yu)水易排不(bu)易積,有(you)利(li)于根系發育,減少病(bing)蟲危(wei)害。 1、品種選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與特定要(yao)求:綠豆種子(zi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)第一茬結夾豆角,以粒大飽滿為前提,小而呈方形(xing)的種子(zi)不(bu)選(xuan)用(yong)。
2、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程管理(li):綠豆(dou)是典型的(de)旱作(zuo)農(nong)業,對(dui)土壤(rang)肥(fei)力要求不(bu)高。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時不(bu)宜(yi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei),施(shi)肥(fei)應(ying)以(yi)有(you)機肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,化(hua)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)輔。如施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei),化(hua)肥(fei)必須與有(you)機肥(fei)配合(he)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)以(yi)小滿(man)前后播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi),播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)約1.5-2公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)1500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),肥(fei)力中等(deng)地(di)塊畝(mu)(mu)留苗(miao)3500-4000株。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法:一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)犁開(kai)溝,手溜籽的(de)方式等(deng)行距(ju)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。深(shen)度一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)不(bu)混合(he),播(bo)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)不(bu)接觸。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,覆土嚴密,播(bo)后適時填壓。為(wei)(wei)提高地(di)溫(wen),便于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽,目(mu)前絕(jue)大部分(fen)地(di)塊進行覆膜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產。田間管理(li):中耕:在(zai)出苗(miao)與開(kai)花前進行1-2次中耕,做(zuo)到三鏟三趟,在(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)鏟趟不(bu)脫節,于綠豆(dou)封壟(long)前結束,后期(qi)撥一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍(bian)大草。病(bing)蟲草害防(fang)治:通過選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪作(zuo)倒茬、培(pei)育壯苗(miao)、精耕細作(zuo)等(deng)農(nong)業措施(shi);有(you)限度地(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)部分(fen)化(hua)學合(he)成農(nong)藥(yao),每(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)在(zai)作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)季當中只允許使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要求、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量、方法等(deng)按GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執行。嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)家已公(gong)(gong)布的(de)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)。綠豆(dou)蚜蟲:可選(xuan)4.5%氯氰菊酯(zhi)乳油1500倍液噴霧防(fang)治。因此(ci),這(zhe)樣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產出的(de)綠豆(dou)產品(pin)完(wan)全 符(fu)合(he)《無公(gong)(gong)害綠豆(dou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術規程》。
3、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)(shou)獲及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理規定:產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)(shou)獲全(quan)部采(cai)用人工(gong)采(cai)摘的(de)方法,防止籽粒破(po)碎、霉爛;收(shou)(shou)獲后日曬自(zi)然涼(liang)干;應(ying)在上(shang)午露水未干或傍(bang)晚時收(shou)(shou)獲。做到(dao)單(dan)(dan)收(shou)(shou)割、單(dan)(dan)拉運、單(dan)(dan)堆放、單(dan)(dan)脫粒、單(dan)(dan)貯藏。企業(ye)收(shou)(shou)購(gou)加(jia)工(gong)完全(quan)按照《中華人民共和國食品衛生(sheng)法》要(yao)求(qiu),大氣環(huan)境符(fu)合(he)《環(huan)境空氣質量標準(zhun)》中Ⅰ級規定。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)全(quan)部有生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許可(ke)證和衛生(sheng)許可(ke)證,加(jia)工(gong)人員身體(ti)健康。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品符(fu)合(he)GB-1X123標準(zhun)。
4、生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄:綠豆(dou)作物從(cong)選種、浸種、播(bo)種、病蟲害防治、技術措(cuo)施、農藥化肥的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)等全部由技術人員(yuan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄建(jian)檔,從(cong)鄉村綠豆(dou)生產(chan)(chan)合作社到(dao)縣綠豆(dou)生產(chan)(chan)協會,都(dou)有明確的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄。對于生產(chan)(chan)加工過程中(zhong)投入品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)名稱(cheng)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間(jian)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)目的(de)(de)(de)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)等都(dou)以表(biao)格的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄清楚。加工企業對加工工藝都(dou)有嚴格規定(ding),加工時間(jian)、等級、數量(liang)也(ye)有明確記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄。