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一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置氣候：靈武市深(shen)居(ju)內陸(lu)腹地，位于寧夏平(ping)原中部，北緯38°，海(hai)拔1250米。是盛產(chan)優質水果的“黃(huang)金緯度”。屬(shu)于典型的大陸(lu)性季風氣候，其特點為：春(chun)遲秋早，四季分明、日(ri)照充(chong)足、熱量豐(feng)富、蒸發強(qiang)烈、氣候干燥(zao)、晴天多、雨(yu)雷少，全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數3080.2小時(shi)，平(ping)均無霜(shuang)期157天，植物生長期持(chi)續170天，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫8.8℃，年(nian)(nian)均降(jiang)水量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水文：靈武長(chang)棗種(zhong)植區地(di)貌可分為西部引(yin)黃灌溉(gai)平原(yuan)區和(he)東部毛烏素沙(sha)地(di)丘陵區，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)或易(yi)耕荒(huang)地(di)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)偏(pian)沙(sha)，通(tong)透性(xing)和(he)耕性(xing)較好。pH值7.5～8.5，地(di)下(xia)水位1.5m以下(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)全鹽含量(liang)低于1.0‰，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)中(zhong)等(deng)。靈武市得(de)天(tian)獨厚的自然條(tiao)件與引(yin)黃河水灌溉(gai)便利條(tiao)件造就了靈武長(chang)棗獨一無二的地(di)方特有(you)品質(zhi)。

二.地域范圍

靈武(wu)長(chang)棗農產品地理標志地域(yu)保護范圍為(wei)：靈武(wu)市現轄(xia)行政區域(yu)，包括臨河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)塔鎮(zhen)(zhen)、郝家橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、崇興鎮(zhen)(zhen)、馬家灘(tan)(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、梧桐樹鄉(xiang)、白(bai)土(tu)崗鄉(xiang)，靈武(wu)園藝(yi)試驗場(chang)、大泉(quan)林場(chang)、北(bei)沙窩林場(chang)、白(bai)芨灘(tan)(tan)林場(chang)、靈武(wu)農場(chang)。地處東(dong)(dong)徑106°11′～105°52′，北(bei)緯37°35′～38°21′之(zhi)間，南北(bei)長(chang)98公(gong)里(li)，東(dong)(dong)西寬54公(gong)里(li)，市域(yu)總面積4010平方千米，種植面積9467公(gong)頃，年產量16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在感(gan)官特征：靈武長(chang)棗為鮮食品種，果(guo)(guo)實呈(cheng)長(chang)橢圓形(xing)或圓柱(zhu)形(xing)、略扁，梗洼深廣，果(guo)(guo)肩(jian)平整；果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)紫紅色，完熟(shu)果(guo)(guo)面帶紫斑；果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄，果(guo)(guo)肉綠白色，質地質密酥(su)脆，汁(zhi)液(ye)多(duo)，酸甜適口。縱徑平均在4cm左(zuo)右(you)，最大(da)達(da)6cm，橫徑（寬(kuan)面）2.5cm左(zuo)右(you)，平均單果(guo)(guo)重12g左(zuo)右(you)。

2、衛(wei)生(sheng)指標(biao)：靈武長棗果實衛(wei)生(sheng)指標(biao)應符(fu)合GB14891.5-1997《輻照(zhao)新鮮水果、蔬(shu)菜(cai)類衛(wei)生(sheng)標(biao)準》中3.4的規定(ding)。

3、檢(jian)驗規則：按DB64/T419《鮮靈武長棗》執(zhi)行(xing)。

四.特定生產方式

1、產(chan)地選(xuan)擇與特殊內(nei)容規定：生產(chan)地域內(nei)無工業(ye)和(he)城(cheng)市污(wu)染(ran)源，種植區選(xuan)擇離工礦(kuang)區和(he)公(gong)路鐵路干線，生態條件(jian)良(liang)好的地區。土(tu)質以壤(rang)土(tu)、沙壤(rang)土(tu)、礫質壤(rang)土(tu)、沙土(tu)為主，要求土(tu)層深厚，灌、排(pai)水條件(jian)良(liang)好。

2、品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特定要求：選(xuan)用優質、高產、抗(kang)病、抗(kang)逆性強、商品(pin)性好(hao)、本(ben)地長期種(zhong)植(zhi)的靈武(wu)長棗1號、2號優系(xi)品(pin)種(zhong)。

3、栽培管理：

①苗(miao)木：采用根(gen)蘗苗(miao)和嫁接苗(miao)，育苗(miao)按(an)DB64/T417《靈(ling)武長棗苗(miao)木繁育技術規程》執行。

②建園：選擇(ze)土(tu)層深厚、土(tu)壤肥沃，排灌、交通條件便利的(de)地塊。以地下(xia)水位1.5m以下(xia)、熟土(tu)層30cm以上、PH值(zhi)7.5～8.5，有機質含(han)量較高的(de)沙壤土(tu)或(huo)輕壤土(tu)為宜。

③栽(zai)植(zhi)：南北行(xing)(xing)向種(zhong)植(zhi)，株行(xing)(xing)距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽(zai)植(zhi)密度每公(gong)頃825株～1650株。定植(zhi)前一年大穴培肥，樹穴長、寬(kuan)、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株施腐熟農家肥25kg加磷酸二銨(an)或復合肥0.5kg。定干(gan)50cm～70cm，漆封剪口(kou)，樹盤覆膜。大田種(zhong)植(zhi)按DB64/T418《靈(ling)武長棗栽(zai)培技術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，設(she)施種(zhong)植(zhi)按DB64/T530《靈(ling)武長棗日(ri)光溫室促成(cheng)栽(zai)培技術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。

④整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪：采用(yong)紡錘(chui)形(xing)樹形(xing)。春季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪時間：3月至4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬。修(xiu)(xiu)剪方(fang)法(fa)：短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻(ke)芽(ya)。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪時間：整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長期(qi)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪方(fang)法(fa)：抹(mo)芽(ya)、拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘心(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具體方(fang)法(fa)按DB/T418《靈(ling)武長棗栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)技術(shu)規程》執行(xing)(xing)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)剪：8月之(zhi)前(qian)，30cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)生(sheng)棗頭全部(bu)(bu)摘心(xin)。幼樹修(xiu)(xiu)剪（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)剪以(yi)(yi)(yi)迅速擴冠為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強調扶壯中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)干。選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)強壯的中(zhong)(zhong)桿(gan)，保證(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)桿(gan)的絕對(dui)優(you)勢，在(zai)(zai)其40cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔(fu)之(zhi)抹(mo)芽(ya)選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺旋排列，每(mei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永久(jiu)性二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長度(du)(du)根(gen)據長勢一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不做延長修(xiu)(xiu)剪。底(di)層(ceng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)左右主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)臨時性枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，后(hou)期(qi)隨著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)增加，逐步清(qing)除底(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干。修(xiu)(xiu)剪方(fang)法(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截、抹(mo)芽(ya)、摘心(xin)、開角(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開角(jiao)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)春、秋拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結(jie)合(he)夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角(jiao)度(du)(du)70°～90°；摘心(xin)：根(gen)據枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長勢決定(ding)(ding)(ding)摘心(xin)長度(du)(du)，旺長留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條木質化(hua)(hua)前(qian)結(jie)束摘心(xin)，一般(ban)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永久(jiu)性二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)。初(chu)果期(qi)樹修(xiu)(xiu)剪（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)剪以(yi)(yi)(yi)調整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、增加產量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對(dui)未(wei)達(da)到主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量(liang)要求的，繼續(xu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完成(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)形(xing)的，逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)疏(shu)除過密(mi)或(huo)過低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)抹(mo)芽(ya)選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)輔(fu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永久(jiu)性二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右完成(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)形(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪方(fang)法(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)抹(mo)芽(ya)、開角(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛(sheng)果期(qi)樹修(xiu)(xiu)剪（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)剪以(yi)(yi)(yi)更新(xin)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優(you)化(hua)(hua)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。徹底(di)清(qing)除底(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干調整(zheng)到80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右完成(cheng)(cheng)老(lao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新(xin)，之(zhi)后(hou)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)更新(xin)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)左右主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)調整(zheng)到20cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，也可分(fen)層(ceng)排布(bu)，層(ceng)間距(ju)50cm左右，樹高(gao)2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新(xin)方(fang)法(fa)及要點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新(xin)方(fang)法(fa)，一是對(dui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)質量(liang)較差的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，如(ru)位置偏高(gao)長勢過旺、角(jiao)度(du)(du)小而不宜開張、二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯多次(ci)抹(mo)芽(ya)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)樁等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取一次(ci)性疏(shu)除或(huo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)樁更新(xin)；二(er)(er)(er)(er)是對(dui)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)質量(liang)較好的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采取基(ji)部(bu)(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)預備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)逐步更新(xin)；三是利用(yong)棗樹春季(ji)(ji)前(qian)期(qi)抹(mo)芽(ya)，選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干上(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)生(sheng)棗頭，培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管理：均(jun)衡施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，前(qian)促后(hou)控。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季(ji)果實(shi)(shi)采收(shou)后(hou)至灌(guan)(guan)冬水(shui)前(qian)，以(yi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料為(wei)主(zhu)，混加少(shao)量(liang)(liang)的氮素(su)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)每666.7平(ping)方(fang)米施3000kg～5000kg。溝施為(wei)主(zhu)，施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影(ying)外(wai)20cm左右(you)處。溝施挖(wa)條溝或環狀溝，幼(you)齡(ling)樹(shu)環狀溝，成齡(ling)樹(shu)條溝為(wei)主(zhu)，溝深40cm～50cm，寬40cm，長隨樹(shu)冠(guan)冠(guan)幅(fu)。將腐熟的農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或商(shang)品有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽(yang)土(tu)拌勻施入溝內，填平(ping)。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)：每年(nian)2次(ci)(ci)，第(di)一次(ci)(ci)在(zai)萌芽至開花前(qian)，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)；第(di)二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)果實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)，以(yi)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)以(yi)當(dang)地的土(tu)壤條件和(he)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)特點確定。株施0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)(ci)。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法是在(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影(ying)外(wai)圍挖(wa)穴(xue)或開溝，幼(you)樹(shu)挖(wa)穴(xue)，3～4個，結果樹(shu)開溝，溝深10cm～20cm，寬20cm，長度(du)隨樹(shu)冠(guan)冠(guan)幅(fu)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料均(jun)勻撒入溝（穴(xue)）埋土(tu)，灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)。葉面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)：全年(nian)4～5次(ci)(ci)，在(zai)生長前(qian)期(qi)(qi)2次(ci)(ci)，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)；后(hou)期(qi)(qi)2～3次(ci)(ci)，以(yi)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)。常(chang)用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料及濃度(du)：尿(niao)素(su)0.3%～0.5%，磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)0.2%～0.3%，硼(peng)砂0.1%～0.3%，沼(zhao)液等。最后(hou)一次(ci)(ci)頁面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)距(ju)果實(shi)(shi)采收(shou)期(qi)(qi)20天以(yi)上。灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)：一般在(zai)萌芽前(qian)、花前(qian)、幼(you)果膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)、封凍前(qian)各灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)一次(ci)(ci)，其它，根據(ju)墑情(qing)確定灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)。提倡采用(yong)滴灌(guan)(guan)、小管出流(liu)等節水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉措施。

⑥花果管理：按DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽培(pei)技術規程》執行。盛花期(qi)噴布赤霉素控制在(zai)2次以內(nei)。

⑦病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：實施(shi)無公害、綠色病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)技術，堅持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為主，綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)原則，綜(zong)合運用各種防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)，優先采用農業措施(shi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方法(fa)，配(pei)合施(shi)用高效、低(di)毒、低(di)殘留的(de)化學農藥，在化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)上抓棗樹休眠期(qi)、蟲(chong)害發(fa)生(sheng)初期(qi)、蟲(chong)體裸露期(qi)、轉移為害期(qi)的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)，在大發(fa)生(sheng)前(qian)3～5d提前(qian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)，在一(yi)天(tian)中盡量選擇(ze)上午10h前(qian)和下(xia)午4h后噴藥。具體防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)按DB64/T531《靈武(wu)長棗主要有(you)害生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)技術規程》執行。

4、產品收(shou)(shou)獲及(ji)產后(hou)處理的(de)規定：在(zai)農藥(yao)安(an)全間隔期(qi)后(hou)適時(shi)，采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，采(cai)收(shou)(shou)所用工(gong)具(ju)要(yao)(yao)清潔、衛生、無污(wu)染(ran)。①果(guo)(guo)實采(cai)收(shou)(shou)：靈(ling)武長棗在(zai)脆熟(shu)期(qi)中后(hou)期(qi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)間9月(yue)下旬至(zhi)10月(yue)上旬。鮮果(guo)(guo)貯(zhu)藏1月(yue)以上，果(guo)(guo)面著色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，鮮食棗果(guo)(guo)全紅果(guo)(guo)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)戴柔(rou)質手套，采(cai)果(guo)(guo)的(de)盛具(ju)表面要(yao)(yao)柔(rou)軟。采(cai)摘時(shi)輕摘輕放，防止(zhi)一(yi)切人為或(huo)機械傷害，保(bao)證(zheng)果(guo)(guo)實完整(zheng)無損傷。用于較長時(shi)間貯(zhu)藏棗果(guo)(guo)，帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)柄采(cai)摘。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)：內包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用符合食品(pin)衛(wei)生要求的材(cai)料，與(yu)靈武長棗接觸不易產生摩擦傷。外包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用紙(zhi)箱裝(zhuang)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)定量誤差應符合國家質量技術(shu)監(jian)督檢驗總局令（2005）第(di)75號。

2、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)：長途運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)應(ying)采用冷(leng)藏(zang)(zang)車或冷(leng)藏(zang)(zang)集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)，不(bu)得與有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)及有(you)異(yi)味(wei)的物品一起運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)。搬運(yun)時應(ying)輕拿輕放，不(bu)得拋摔。

3、貯存：貯存時應采用冷藏或氣調(diao)貯藏。不得與有毒有害(hai)及有異味(wei)的物品(pin)共同存放。產品(pin)堆放應離(li)地面(mian)20cm以上(shang)(shang)，離(li)墻10cm以上(shang)(shang)。具體(ti)按DB64/T419—2005《鮮靈武(wu)長棗》執行。