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一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)：靈(ling)武市深居(ju)內陸(lu)腹地(di)，位于(yu)(yu)寧夏平原(yuan)中部，北緯(wei)38°，海(hai)拔1250米(mi)。是盛產(chan)優質水(shui)果的“黃金緯(wei)度(du)”。屬于(yu)(yu)典型的大陸(lu)性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，其特點為：春遲秋早，四季(ji)分明、日照(zhao)(zhao)充足、熱量豐富、蒸發強烈(lie)、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)干(gan)燥、晴(qing)天(tian)多、雨(yu)雷少，全年日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數3080.2小時(shi)，平均(jun)無霜期157天(tian)，植物生長期持續(xu)170天(tian)，年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫8.8℃，年均(jun)降水(shui)量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水文(wen)：靈武(wu)長(chang)棗種植區(qu)(qu)地(di)貌可分為西部(bu)引(yin)黃灌溉平原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)和東(dong)部(bu)毛烏素沙地(di)丘陵區(qu)(qu)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)為壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)、沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)、沙土(tu)或易耕(geng)荒(huang)地(di)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質地(di)偏沙，通透性(xing)和耕(geng)性(xing)較好。pH值7.5～8.5，地(di)下水位1.5m以下，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)全鹽含(han)量低于(yu)1.0‰，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)有機質含(han)量中(zhong)等。靈武(wu)市得天獨厚的(de)自然條(tiao)件(jian)與引(yin)黃河(he)水灌溉便(bian)利(li)條(tiao)件(jian)造就了(le)靈武(wu)長(chang)棗獨一無二的(de)地(di)方特(te)有品質。

二.地域范圍

靈武長棗農產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)地域(yu)保護范圍為：靈武市現(xian)轄行政區域(yu)，包括臨河鎮、東(dong)塔(ta)鎮、郝家橋鎮、崇興鎮、馬家灘鎮、梧桐(tong)樹鄉(xiang)、白(bai)土崗(gang)鄉(xiang)，靈武園(yuan)藝試(shi)驗場(chang)(chang)(chang)、大泉林(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、北沙窩(wo)林(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、白(bai)芨灘林(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、靈武農場(chang)(chang)(chang)。地處東(dong)徑106°11′～105°52′，北緯37°35′～38°21′之(zhi)間(jian)，南北長98公里(li)，東(dong)西寬54公里(li)，市域(yu)總面(mian)積(ji)4010平(ping)方千米，種植面(mian)積(ji)9467公頃，年產量16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在(zai)感官特(te)征：靈武長(chang)棗為鮮食品種，果(guo)實呈長(chang)橢圓(yuan)形或圓(yuan)柱形、略扁，梗(geng)洼深廣，果(guo)肩平整；果(guo)皮(pi)紫紅(hong)色，完熟果(guo)面(mian)帶紫斑；果(guo)皮(pi)薄，果(guo)肉綠白色，質(zhi)地質(zhi)密酥脆，汁液(ye)多，酸甜適口。縱徑平均(jun)在(zai)4cm左(zuo)(zuo)右，最(zui)大達(da)6cm，橫徑（寬(kuan)面(mian)）2.5cm左(zuo)(zuo)右，平均(jun)單果(guo)重(zhong)12g左(zuo)(zuo)右。

2、衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)標(biao)：靈武長棗果實衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)標(biao)應符合GB14891.5-1997《輻照新(xin)鮮水果、蔬菜類衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)準》中3.4的規(gui)定。

3、檢驗規(gui)則(ze)：按DB64/T419《鮮靈武長(chang)棗(zao)》執(zhi)行(xing)。

四.特定生產方式

1、產地(di)選擇(ze)與特殊內(nei)容規定：生(sheng)產地(di)域內(nei)無工業(ye)和(he)城市(shi)污染源，種植區選擇(ze)離工礦區和(he)公路鐵路干線，生(sheng)態條件良好的地(di)區。土(tu)(tu)質以壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、礫質壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙土(tu)(tu)為主，要求(qiu)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou)，灌(guan)、排水(shui)條件良好。

2、品種選擇與特(te)定要求(qiu)：選用優(you)質、高產、抗病、抗逆(ni)性(xing)強(qiang)、商品性(xing)好、本地長期種植的靈武(wu)長棗1號、2號優(you)系品種。

3、栽培管理：

①苗木(mu)：采(cai)用根蘗苗和(he)嫁(jia)接(jie)苗，育苗按DB64/T417《靈武長(chang)棗苗木(mu)繁育技術規(gui)程》執行。

②建園：選擇土(tu)層深厚、土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃，排灌、交通條件便利的(de)(de)地(di)塊(kuai)。以地(di)下水(shui)位1.5m以下、熟土(tu)層30cm以上、PH值7.5～8.5，有機質含(han)量較高的(de)(de)沙壤(rang)土(tu)或輕壤(rang)土(tu)為宜。

③栽(zai)植：南北行(xing)向種(zhong)植，株(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)3m×4m、2m×3m，栽(zai)植密度每公頃825株(zhu)～1650株(zhu)。定植前一年(nian)大穴(xue)(xue)培肥(fei)，樹穴(xue)(xue)長、寬、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株(zhu)施腐熟(shu)農(nong)家肥(fei)25kg加磷酸二(er)銨或復合肥(fei)0.5kg。定干50cm～70cm，漆封剪(jian)口(kou)，樹盤覆膜。大田(tian)種(zhong)植按DB64/T418《靈武(wu)長棗(zao)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)規程》執行(xing)，設施種(zhong)植按DB64/T530《靈武(wu)長棗(zao)日光溫室促(cu)成栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)規程》執行(xing)。

④整形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：采用(yong)紡錘形(xing)樹形(xing)。春(chun)季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時間(jian)：3月至(zhi)4月上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方法(fa)：短(duan)截、疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻(ke)芽(ya)(ya)。夏季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時間(jian)：整個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方法(fa)：抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、拿(na)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具體方法(fa)按DB/T418《靈武長(chang)(chang)(chang)棗栽培(pei)技(ji)術規程》執行(xing)。定(ding)植當年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：8月之前(qian)，30cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)新生(sheng)(sheng)棗頭(tou)全部摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)。幼樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)迅速擴冠為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強調扶壯中心(xin)(xin)干(gan)。選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)強壯的(de)中桿，保證中桿的(de)絕對(dui)(dui)優(you)(you)勢，在(zai)其(qi)40cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取(qu)短(duan)截二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節培(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔之抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)骨(gu)干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺旋排列，每主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)永久性(xing)二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度根(gen)(gen)據長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)不做延長(chang)(chang)(chang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。底層(ceng)(ceng)3個(ge)(ge)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)臨時性(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，后(hou)期隨著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)增加，逐(zhu)(zhu)步清(qing)除(chu)底層(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方法(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)短(duan)截、抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)、開角(jiao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開角(jiao)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)、秋(qiu)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)夏季拿(na)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角(jiao)度70°～90°；摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)：根(gen)(gen)據枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢決定(ding)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度，旺長(chang)(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱(ruo)短(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條木質(zhi)化(hua)前(qian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)束(shu)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，一(yi)(yi)般留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)永久性(xing)二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)。初果(guo)期樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)調整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、增加產量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對(dui)(dui)未達到(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)要求的(de)，繼續培(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完成(cheng)(cheng)整形(xing)的(de)，逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)疏除(chu)過(guo)密(mi)或過(guo)低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)截二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)輔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度在(zai)1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)部主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)永久性(xing)二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)功，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)完成(cheng)(cheng)整形(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方法(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、開角(jiao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛果(guo)期樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)更新老化(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優(you)(you)化(hua)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。徹底清(qing)除(chu)底層(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)調整到(dao)80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)完成(cheng)(cheng)老枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新，之后(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)更新2個(ge)(ge)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)調整到(dao)20cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，也可分層(ceng)(ceng)排布，層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)距(ju)50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，樹高2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新方法(fa)及要點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新方法(fa)，一(yi)(yi)是對(dui)(dui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)較差的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，如位置偏(pian)高長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢過(guo)旺、角(jiao)度小而(er)不宜(yi)開張、二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯多次抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)樁(zhuang)等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取(qu)一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)疏除(chu)或留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)樁(zhuang)更新；二(er)(er)是對(dui)(dui)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)較好的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采取(qu)基(ji)部留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)預(yu)備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方式進(jin)行(xing)逐(zhu)(zhu)步更新；三(san)是利用(yong)棗樹春(chun)季前(qian)期抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)，選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)(shang)新生(sheng)(sheng)棗頭(tou)，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)新主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理：均衡施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，前(qian)促后(hou)控(kong)。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋(qiu)季(ji)果實(shi)采收后(hou)至(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)冬水(shui)(shui)(shui)前(qian)，以(yi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，混加少量的氮素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量每666.7平(ping)方米施(shi)(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影外20cm左(zuo)右處。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)挖(wa)條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)或環狀溝(gou)(gou)，幼齡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)環狀溝(gou)(gou)，成(cheng)齡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，溝(gou)(gou)深40cm～50cm，寬(kuan)40cm，長(chang)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)冠(guan)幅(fu)。將腐(fu)熟的農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或商(shang)品有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽土(tu)(tu)拌勻施(shi)(shi)入(ru)溝(gou)(gou)內(nei)，填平(ping)。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每年(nian)(nian)2次(ci)，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌芽至(zhi)開花前(qian)，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；第(di)(di)二次(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果實(shi)膨大期，以(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量以(yi)當地的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件和(he)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點確定。株施(shi)(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法是在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影外圍挖(wa)穴(xue)或開溝(gou)(gou)，幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)挖(wa)穴(xue)，3～4個，結(jie)果樹(shu)(shu)(shu)開溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)深10cm～20cm，寬(kuan)20cm，長(chang)度隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)冠(guan)幅(fu)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)均勻撒入(ru)溝(gou)(gou)（穴(xue)）埋土(tu)(tu)，灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。葉(xie)面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：全年(nian)(nian)4～5次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)生長(chang)前(qian)期2次(ci)，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；后(hou)期2～3次(ci)，以(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。常用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)及濃度：尿素0.3%～0.5%，磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)0.2%～0.3%，硼砂0.1%～0.3%，沼(zhao)液等(deng)。最后(hou)一(yi)次(ci)頁(ye)面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)距果實(shi)采收期20天(tian)以(yi)上(shang)。灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌芽前(qian)、花前(qian)、幼果膨大期、封凍前(qian)各灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)次(ci)，其它，根據(ju)墑情確定灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)數(shu)。提倡采用(yong)滴灌(guan)(guan)、小(xiao)管(guan)出流(liu)等(deng)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉措施(shi)(shi)。

⑥花(hua)果管理：按DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽培技術(shu)規程(cheng)》執行。盛花(hua)期噴布赤霉(mei)素(su)控制在(zai)2次以內。

⑦病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：實施無公害(hai)(hai)、綠色病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)控技術，堅持“預防(fang)(fang)為主，綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的原則(ze)，綜合運用(yong)各種防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施，優先采用(yong)農(nong)業措施、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)，配(pei)合施用(yong)高效(xiao)、低毒、低殘留的化(hua)學農(nong)藥(yao)，在化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)抓棗樹休眠(mian)期、蟲害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)初期、蟲體(ti)裸露(lu)期、轉(zhuan)移(yi)為害(hai)(hai)期的防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在大發生(sheng)(sheng)前3～5d提前防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在一天(tian)中(zhong)盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)擇上(shang)午10h前和(he)下午4h后(hou)噴藥(yao)。具(ju)體(ti)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按DB64/T531《靈武長(chang)棗主要有害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)控技術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行。

4、產品收(shou)(shou)獲及產后(hou)(hou)處理的規定：在(zai)農藥安全間隔(ge)期后(hou)(hou)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)所用工(gong)具要(yao)清(qing)潔、衛生、無污染。①果(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)：靈武(wu)長棗在(zai)脆(cui)熟(shu)期中(zhong)后(hou)(hou)期采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)間9月(yue)下旬(xun)至10月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)。鮮(xian)果(guo)貯(zhu)藏(zang)(zang)1月(yue)以上(shang)，果(guo)面(mian)著色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)，鮮(xian)食棗果(guo)全紅果(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)戴柔質手套，采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)的盛具表(biao)面(mian)要(yao)柔軟。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)時(shi)(shi)輕摘(zhai)輕放(fang)，防止一切人為或(huo)機(ji)械傷害，保證果(guo)實完整無損傷。用于較長時(shi)(shi)間貯(zhu)藏(zang)(zang)棗果(guo)，帶果(guo)柄采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)(bao)裝：內包(bao)(bao)裝用符合食品(pin)衛生(sheng)(sheng)要求的材料，與靈武長棗接觸不易(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)摩(mo)擦傷。外包(bao)(bao)裝用紙(zhi)箱裝，包(bao)(bao)裝定量誤差應符合國(guo)家(jia)質(zhi)量技術監督檢驗總(zong)局令（2005）第75號。

2、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)：長途(tu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)應采用冷藏車(che)或冷藏集裝箱(xiang)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)，不(bu)得(de)與有(you)毒有(you)害及有(you)異味的物品一(yi)起運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)。搬運(yun)(yun)時應輕拿輕放，不(bu)得(de)拋摔。

3、貯(zhu)存：貯(zhu)存時(shi)應采用冷藏或氣調貯(zhu)藏。不(bu)得與有毒有害及有異(yi)味的(de)物品共同存放(fang)(fang)。產品堆放(fang)(fang)應離地面20cm以上，離墻10cm以上。具體按(an)DB64/T419—2005《鮮靈武長棗》執(zhi)行。