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一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)氣候(hou)(hou)：靈(ling)武(wu)市深居內陸腹地，位(wei)(wei)于寧夏平原中(zhong)部，北緯(wei)38°，海(hai)拔1250米。是(shi)盛產優質水果的(de)“黃金緯(wei)度”。屬于典型的(de)大陸性(xing)季風氣候(hou)(hou)，其特(te)點(dian)為：春遲秋早，四季分明、日照充足、熱量(liang)豐富、蒸(zheng)發(fa)強烈、氣候(hou)(hou)干燥(zao)、晴天多、雨雷少(shao)，全年(nian)日照時數(shu)3080.2小時，平均無霜期(qi)157天，植物生長期(qi)持續170天，年(nian)平均氣溫8.8℃，年(nian)均降水量(liang)206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水文：靈武長(chang)棗(zao)種植(zhi)區地(di)(di)(di)貌可分為西部(bu)(bu)引黃灌溉(gai)平原區和(he)東部(bu)(bu)毛烏素沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵區，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)或易(yi)耕荒地(di)(di)(di)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)偏沙(sha)(sha)，通透性和(he)耕性較好。pH值7.5～8.5，地(di)(di)(di)下水位1.5m以下，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)全鹽(yan)含(han)量(liang)低于1.0‰，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)中(zhong)等。靈武市(shi)得天獨厚的自(zi)然條件(jian)與(yu)引黃河水灌溉(gai)便利條件(jian)造就了靈武長(chang)棗(zao)獨一(yi)無二的地(di)(di)(di)方特有(you)品質(zhi)。

二.地域范圍

靈武長(chang)棗農產品地理(li)標志地域保護范圍為(wei)：靈武市(shi)現轄行(xing)政區域，包括(kuo)臨河鎮、東(dong)塔鎮、郝家橋鎮、崇興鎮、馬(ma)家灘(tan)鎮、梧桐樹鄉、白(bai)土崗(gang)鄉，靈武園藝試(shi)驗(yan)場(chang)(chang)、大泉林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)、北(bei)沙窩林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)、白(bai)芨灘(tan)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)、靈武農場(chang)(chang)。地處(chu)東(dong)徑106°11′～105°52′，北(bei)緯(wei)37°35′～38°21′之間，南北(bei)長(chang)98公里，東(dong)西寬54公里，市(shi)域總(zong)面積(ji)4010平方千米(mi)，種(zhong)植面積(ji)9467公頃，年產量(liang)16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在(zai)感(gan)官(guan)特征：靈(ling)武長棗(zao)為鮮食品種，果(guo)(guo)實呈長橢圓形(xing)或圓柱形(xing)、略扁，梗洼深(shen)廣，果(guo)(guo)肩平(ping)整；果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)紫紅色，完熟果(guo)(guo)面(mian)帶紫斑；果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄，果(guo)(guo)肉綠白色，質(zhi)(zhi)地質(zhi)(zhi)密酥脆，汁液多(duo)，酸甜(tian)適口。縱徑平(ping)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)4cm左右，最大達(da)6cm，橫徑（寬(kuan)面(mian)）2.5cm左右，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)單果(guo)(guo)重12g左右。

2、衛生指(zhi)標：靈武長(chang)棗果(guo)實衛生指(zhi)標應符(fu)合(he)GB14891.5-1997《輻(fu)照新鮮水果(guo)、蔬菜(cai)類衛生標準》中3.4的規定。

3、檢驗(yan)規則(ze)：按(an)DB64/T419《鮮靈武長棗》執(zhi)行(xing)。

四.特定生產方式

1、產(chan)地(di)選擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規定：生產(chan)地(di)域內無工業和(he)城市污(wu)染(ran)源，種植區(qu)(qu)選擇(ze)離(li)工礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)和(he)公路(lu)鐵路(lu)干線，生態(tai)條(tiao)件良好的地(di)區(qu)(qu)。土(tu)(tu)質以壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、礫(li)質壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主，要求土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)，灌、排水條(tiao)件良好。

2、品種選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定要求：選(xuan)(xuan)用優質(zhi)、高產、抗病、抗逆性(xing)強、商(shang)品性(xing)好、本地長期種植的靈武(wu)長棗(zao)1號(hao)、2號(hao)優系品種。

3、栽培管理：

①苗(miao)木：采(cai)用根蘗苗(miao)和嫁接苗(miao)，育苗(miao)按(an)DB64/T417《靈武(wu)長棗苗(miao)木繁育技(ji)術規程》執行。

②建園：選(xuan)擇土(tu)層深厚、土(tu)壤肥沃(wo)，排灌、交通條(tiao)件便利的地(di)塊。以地(di)下(xia)水位1.5m以下(xia)、熟土(tu)層30cm以上、PH值7.5～8.5，有機質含量較高(gao)的沙壤土(tu)或輕壤土(tu)為宜。

③栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)：南(nan)北行(xing)(xing)向種植(zhi)，株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)密度(du)每公頃(qing)825株(zhu)(zhu)～1650株(zhu)(zhu)。定(ding)植(zhi)前(qian)一年(nian)大(da)穴培肥(fei)，樹穴長、寬(kuan)、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株(zhu)(zhu)施腐熟農家肥(fei)25kg加(jia)磷酸二銨或復(fu)合肥(fei)0.5kg。定(ding)干50cm～70cm，漆封剪口(kou)，樹盤覆膜。大(da)田種植(zhi)按DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽(zai)(zai)培技術(shu)規程》執行(xing)(xing)，設施種植(zhi)按DB64/T530《靈武長棗日光溫室促(cu)成栽(zai)(zai)培技術(shu)規程》執行(xing)(xing)。

④整(zheng)(zheng)形修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)：采用(yong)紡錘形樹形。春季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)間：3月至4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)：短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截、疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻芽(ya)。夏季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)間：整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)：抹芽(ya)、拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘心(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具體(ti)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)按DB/T418《靈(ling)武(wu)長(chang)(chang)棗(zao)栽培(pei)(pei)技(ji)術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行。定(ding)植當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)：8月之(zhi)前(qian)，30cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)棗(zao)頭全部(bu)摘心(xin)。幼樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)迅速擴冠為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強(qiang)調扶壯(zhuang)中心(xin)干(gan)。選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)的(de)中桿，保證(zheng)中桿的(de)絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)優勢(shi)，在(zai)其40cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)1～2節培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔之(zhi)抹芽(ya)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺旋排列，每(mei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性(xing)二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)度根(gen)據(ju)長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)不做延長(chang)(chang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底層(ceng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)臨時(shi)(shi)性(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)，后(hou)期(qi)隨著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量增加，逐(zhu)步清除底層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高(gao)(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截、抹芽(ya)、摘心(xin)、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春、秋(qiu)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結合(he)夏季拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角(jiao)(jiao)度70°～90°；摘心(xin)：根(gen)據(ju)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)決(jue)定(ding)摘心(xin)長(chang)(chang)度，旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)、弱短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)留(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)前(qian)結束(shu)摘心(xin)，一般留(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性(xing)二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)。初果(guo)期(qi)樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)、增加產量為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對(dui)(dui)未達(da)到(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量要求的(de)，繼(ji)續培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完(wan)成整(zheng)(zheng)形的(de)，逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)疏除過密(mi)或過低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抹芽(ya)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)截二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)輔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)度在(zai)1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性(xing)二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)成功，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)完(wan)成整(zheng)(zheng)形。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抹芽(ya)、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛果(guo)期(qi)樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)老(lao)化(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優化(hua)結果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。徹底清除底層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)調整(zheng)(zheng)到(dao)80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)完(wan)成老(lao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，之(zhi)后(hou)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)調整(zheng)(zheng)到(dao)20cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，也可分(fen)層(ceng)排布，層(ceng)間距(ju)50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，樹高(gao)(gao)2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)及要點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，一是(shi)對(dui)(dui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量較差的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)，如位置偏高(gao)(gao)長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)過旺(wang)、角(jiao)(jiao)度小而不宜開(kai)張、二(er)(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)多(duo)次抹芽(ya)留(liu)(liu)樁等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取一次性(xing)疏除或留(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)樁更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)；二(er)(er)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量較好的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采取基部(bu)留(liu)(liu)預(yu)備(bei)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式進行逐(zhu)步更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)；三是(shi)利(li)用(yong)棗(zao)樹春季前(qian)期(qi)抹芽(ya)，選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)棗(zao)頭，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管理(li)：均衡(heng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，前促后(hou)控。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季(ji)果(guo)(guo)實采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)至灌(guan)冬水(shui)前，以(yi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，混加少量(liang)的(de)氮素(su)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)每(mei)666.7平(ping)方(fang)米施(shi)(shi)(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹冠投影外(wai)20cm左右處。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)挖條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)或(huo)環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼(you)齡樹環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，成齡樹條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深40cm～50cm，寬40cm，長(chang)隨樹冠冠幅。將腐(fu)熟的(de)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)商品(pin)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽土拌勻施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)內，填平(ping)。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每(mei)年(nian)(nian)2次，第(di)一(yi)次在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌芽(ya)至開(kai)花前，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主；第(di)二(er)次在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實膨大期，以(yi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)以(yi)當(dang)地(di)的(de)土壤(rang)條(tiao)件和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點確定(ding)。株施(shi)(shi)(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹冠投影外(wai)圍挖穴(xue)(xue)或(huo)開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼(you)樹挖穴(xue)(xue)，3～4個，結果(guo)(guo)樹開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深10cm～20cm，寬20cm，長(chang)度隨樹冠冠幅。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)均勻撒(sa)入(ru)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)（穴(xue)(xue)）埋土，灌(guan)水(shui)。葉面(mian)噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：全年(nian)(nian)4～5次，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生長(chang)前期2次，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主；后(hou)期2～3次，以(yi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。常用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)及濃度：尿素(su)0.3%～0.5%，磷酸(suan)二(er)氫鉀0.2%～0.3%，硼砂0.1%～0.3%，沼液等。最(zui)后(hou)一(yi)次頁面(mian)噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距果(guo)(guo)實采(cai)收(shou)期20天以(yi)上。灌(guan)水(shui)：一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌芽(ya)前、花前、幼(you)果(guo)(guo)膨大期、封凍(dong)前各灌(guan)水(shui)一(yi)次，其它，根(gen)據墑(di)情(qing)確定(ding)灌(guan)水(shui)次數。提倡采(cai)用滴灌(guan)、小管出流等節水(shui)灌(guan)溉措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

⑥花果管(guan)理：按DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽(zai)培技(ji)術規(gui)程(cheng)》執行。盛(sheng)花期噴(pen)布赤霉素控制(zhi)在2次以內。

⑦病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治：實施無公害、綠(lv)色病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)技術(shu)，堅持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主，綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治”的原則，綜合(he)(he)運用(yong)各(ge)種防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治措施，優先采用(yong)農(nong)業措施、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治方法，配合(he)(he)施用(yong)高效、低毒(du)、低殘留的化學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)，在(zai)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治上抓(zhua)棗(zao)樹休(xiu)眠期(qi)(qi)、蟲(chong)害發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)初期(qi)(qi)、蟲(chong)體(ti)裸露期(qi)(qi)、轉移為(wei)害期(qi)(qi)的防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治，在(zai)大發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)前(qian)3～5d提前(qian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治，在(zai)一天中盡量選擇上午(wu)10h前(qian)和下午(wu)4h后噴藥(yao)。具(ju)體(ti)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治按DB64/T531《靈武(wu)長棗(zao)主要有害生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)技術(shu)規程》執行。

4、產品收(shou)獲及產后(hou)處理的規定：在農藥安(an)全(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)后(hou)適(shi)時(shi)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)所用(yong)工具(ju)要清潔(jie)、衛生、無(wu)污染。①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)：靈武(wu)長(chang)棗在脆熟(shu)期(qi)中(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)間(jian)9月下旬至10月上旬。鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貯藏(zang)1月以(yi)上，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)著色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)，鮮食(shi)棗果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)紅果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)要戴柔質手(shou)套，采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的盛(sheng)具(ju)表(biao)面(mian)要柔軟(ruan)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)時(shi)輕摘(zhai)輕放，防(fang)止一切人為或機械傷害(hai)，保證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)完(wan)整(zheng)無(wu)損(sun)傷。用(yong)于(yu)較長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)貯藏(zang)棗果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，帶果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄(bing)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)：內包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用符合(he)食品衛生(sheng)要求的材料，與(yu)靈(ling)武長棗接觸不易產生(sheng)摩擦傷。外包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用紙箱裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)定量誤差應(ying)符合(he)國(guo)家質(zhi)量技術(shu)監督檢驗總局令（2005）第75號。

2、運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)：長途(tu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)應(ying)采用冷(leng)藏(zang)車(che)或冷(leng)藏(zang)集裝箱運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)，不得與有毒有害及有異味的物(wu)品(pin)一起運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)。搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)時應(ying)輕拿(na)輕放，不得拋摔。

3、貯存(cun)：貯存(cun)時(shi)應采用(yong)冷藏或氣調貯藏。不得與有毒(du)有害及有異味(wei)的(de)物品共同存(cun)放。產品堆放應離地面(mian)20cm以上，離墻10cm以上。具體按(an)DB64/T419—2005《鮮靈(ling)武(wu)長棗》執行。