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一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置氣候：靈武市深居內(nei)陸腹地，位于(yu)寧夏(xia)平原(yuan)中部，北(bei)緯38°，海拔1250米。是盛產優質水果(guo)的“黃(huang)金緯度(du)”。屬于(yu)典(dian)型的大陸性季風氣候，其特點為：春遲秋早，四季分明、日照(zhao)充足、熱量豐富(fu)、蒸發強(qiang)烈(lie)、氣候干燥、晴天多(duo)、雨雷少，全年(nian)日照(zhao)時數3080.2小時，平均無霜期(qi)157天，植物(wu)生長(chang)期(qi)持續(xu)170天，年(nian)平均氣溫8.8℃，年(nian)均降(jiang)水量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水文：靈武長棗種植區地(di)貌可(ke)分為西部引(yin)黃灌溉(gai)平原(yuan)區和(he)東部毛烏素沙地(di)丘陵區，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)為壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙土(tu)(tu)或(huo)易耕荒地(di)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質地(di)偏沙，通透性(xing)和(he)耕性(xing)較好。pH值7.5～8.5，地(di)下(xia)水位1.5m以(yi)下(xia)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)全鹽含(han)量(liang)低于1.0‰，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)有機質含(han)量(liang)中等。靈武市得天(tian)獨(du)厚的自然條件與引(yin)黃河水灌溉(gai)便利(li)條件造就了靈武長棗獨(du)一(yi)無(wu)二的地(di)方(fang)特有品質。

二.地域范圍

靈武(wu)長棗農(nong)產品地(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍為(wei)：靈武(wu)市現轄行政區域，包括臨(lin)河鎮(zhen)、東(dong)塔鎮(zhen)、郝家橋鎮(zhen)、崇興鎮(zhen)、馬家灘鎮(zhen)、梧桐(tong)樹鄉(xiang)、白(bai)土崗(gang)鄉(xiang)，靈武(wu)園藝試驗場(chang)、大泉(quan)林(lin)場(chang)、北沙窩林(lin)場(chang)、白(bai)芨(ji)灘林(lin)場(chang)、靈武(wu)農(nong)場(chang)。地(di)(di)處東(dong)徑(jing)106°11′～105°52′，北緯37°35′～38°21′之間，南北長98公里，東(dong)西寬54公里，市域總面積(ji)4010平方千(qian)米，種植面積(ji)9467公頃，年產量16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外(wai)在感官特征：靈(ling)武長棗為(wei)鮮食(shi)品種，果(guo)實呈長橢圓形或圓柱形、略扁，梗洼深廣，果(guo)肩平整(zheng)；果(guo)皮紫紅(hong)色，完熟果(guo)面(mian)帶(dai)紫斑；果(guo)皮薄，果(guo)肉綠白色，質地(di)質密(mi)酥脆，汁液多，酸甜(tian)適口(kou)。縱徑平均在4cm左(zuo)右，最大達6cm，橫徑（寬面(mian)）2.5cm左(zuo)右，平均單果(guo)重(zhong)12g左(zuo)右。

2、衛生指標：靈(ling)武(wu)長棗果實衛生指標應(ying)符(fu)合GB14891.5-1997《輻照新鮮水果、蔬(shu)菜類衛生標準》中3.4的規(gui)定。

3、檢(jian)驗規則：按DB64/T419《鮮靈武(wu)長棗》執行。

四.特定生產方式

1、產地(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定(ding)：生產地(di)域內無工(gong)業和城市污染源，種植區選(xuan)擇離工(gong)礦區和公路鐵路干(gan)線(xian)，生態條件良(liang)好的(de)地(di)區。土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)以壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、礫質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙土(tu)(tu)為主，要求(qiu)土(tu)(tu)層深厚，灌、排水條件良(liang)好。

2、品種(zhong)選擇與(yu)特定要求：選用優質、高產、抗(kang)病、抗(kang)逆性強、商品性好、本地(di)長(chang)期種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)靈武長(chang)棗(zao)1號、2號優系品種(zhong)。

3、栽培管理：

①苗木：采用根蘗苗和嫁接苗，育(yu)苗按DB64/T417《靈武長棗苗木繁(fan)育(yu)技術規程(cheng)》執行。

②建園(yuan)：選擇土(tu)層深厚(hou)、土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃，排灌、交(jiao)通條件(jian)便利的地塊。以(yi)地下(xia)水位1.5m以(yi)下(xia)、熟(shu)土(tu)層30cm以(yi)上(shang)、PH值7.5～8.5，有機質含量較高的沙壤(rang)土(tu)或輕壤(rang)土(tu)為宜(yi)。

③栽(zai)植(zhi)：南北行向種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，株(zhu)(zhu)行距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽(zai)植(zhi)密度每公頃825株(zhu)(zhu)～1650株(zhu)(zhu)。定植(zhi)前(qian)一年大穴培肥，樹穴長(chang)、寬、高(gao)80cm×80cm×80cm，株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)腐熟農家肥25kg加磷酸二銨或復合肥0.5kg。定干(gan)50cm～70cm，漆封剪口(kou)，樹盤覆膜(mo)。大田(tian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)按(an)DB64/T418《靈(ling)武長(chang)棗栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)》執行，設施(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)按(an)DB64/T530《靈(ling)武長(chang)棗日光溫(wen)室促(cu)成栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)》執行。

④整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)：采(cai)(cai)用(yong)紡錘形(xing)樹(shu)形(xing)。春季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時間：3月至4月上(shang)(shang)旬。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：短(duan)(duan)截、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻芽(ya)(ya)。夏季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時間：整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘(zhai)心(xin)、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)體(ti)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)按DB/T418《靈(ling)武長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棗栽培(pei)(pei)技(ji)術(shu)規程》執行(xing)。定植當年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)：8月之(zhi)(zhi)前，30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)新生(sheng)棗頭全(quan)部(bu)摘(zhai)心(xin)。幼樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)迅速擴冠(guan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強(qiang)調(diao)扶壯(zhuang)(zhuang)中心(xin)干(gan)(gan)。選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)的中桿，保證中桿的絕對優(you)(you)勢，在其40cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)短(duan)(duan)截二(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節(jie)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔之(zhi)(zhi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺旋排列，每(mei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)永(yong)(yong)久性二(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)根據長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)不做延長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底(di)層(ceng)3個(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)臨時性枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)，后期(qi)隨(sui)著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量增(zeng)加，逐(zhu)步清(qing)(qing)除底(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)以(yi)(yi)短(duan)(duan)截、抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、摘(zhai)心(xin)、開角為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開角：以(yi)(yi)春、秋(qiu)拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結合夏季拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角度(du)70°～90°；摘(zhai)心(xin)：根據枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢決(jue)定摘(zhai)心(xin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)，旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱短(duan)(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條木(mu)質化(hua)前結束摘(zhai)心(xin)，一(yi)般留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)永(yong)(yong)久性二(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)心(xin)。初(chu)果期(qi)樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)調(diao)整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)、增(zeng)加產量為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對未達到主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量要求的，繼續培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完(wan)(wan)成整(zheng)形(xing)的，逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)疏(shu)除過密或過低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)(duan)截二(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)輔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)在1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)永(yong)(yong)久性二(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)心(xin)，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)成功，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右完(wan)(wan)成整(zheng)形(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)以(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、開角為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛(sheng)果期(qi)樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)更(geng)新老化(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優(you)(you)化(hua)結果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。徹底(di)清(qing)(qing)除底(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)調(diao)整(zheng)到80cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右完(wan)(wan)成老枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新，之(zhi)(zhi)后每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)新2個(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)調(diao)整(zheng)到20cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，也(ye)可分層(ceng)排布，層(ceng)間距(ju)50cm左(zuo)右，樹(shu)高(gao)2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及要點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，一(yi)是(shi)對枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質量較差(cha)的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)，如位置(zhi)偏高(gao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢過旺(wang)、角度(du)小而不宜開張(zhang)、二(er)(er)次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)多次(ci)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)樁等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)一(yi)次(ci)性疏(shu)除或留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)(duan)樁更(geng)新；二(er)(er)是(shi)對5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質量較好的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采(cai)(cai)取(qu)基(ji)部(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)預(yu)備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的方(fang)(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)逐(zhu)步更(geng)新；三是(shi)利用(yong)棗樹(shu)春季前期(qi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)，選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)新生(sheng)棗頭，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)新主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)理：均衡施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，前促(cu)后控(kong)。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季果實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收后至灌冬水(shui)前，以(yi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，混加少量(liang)的氮素化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)每666.7平方米施(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)投影外20cm左右處。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)挖(wa)條溝(gou)(gou)(gou)或(huo)環(huan)狀溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼齡(ling)樹(shu)環(huan)狀溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，成(cheng)齡(ling)樹(shu)條溝(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)深40cm～50cm，寬(kuan)40cm，長隨樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)冠(guan)(guan)幅(fu)。將腐熟的農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)商品有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽土拌勻施(shi)入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)內(nei)，填(tian)平。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每年2次(ci)，第(di)一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)萌芽至開花前，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)；第(di)二(er)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)果實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)以(yi)當地的土壤條件和施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點(dian)確(que)定(ding)。株(zhu)施(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法是在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)投影外圍(wei)挖(wa)穴或(huo)開溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼樹(shu)挖(wa)穴，3～4個，結果樹(shu)開溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)深10cm～20cm，寬(kuan)20cm，長度隨樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)冠(guan)(guan)幅(fu)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)均勻撒入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)（穴）埋土，灌水(shui)。葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：全年4～5次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)生長前期(qi)(qi)(qi)2次(ci)，以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)；后期(qi)(qi)(qi)2～3次(ci)，以(yi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。常用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)及濃(nong)度：尿素0.3%～0.5%，磷酸二(er)氫鉀0.2%～0.3%，硼砂(sha)0.1%～0.3%，沼液等(deng)。最后一(yi)次(ci)頁(ye)面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)距果實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收期(qi)(qi)(qi)20天以(yi)上。灌水(shui)：一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)萌芽前、花前、幼果膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、封凍前各灌水(shui)一(yi)次(ci)，其它，根(gen)據墑情確(que)定(ding)灌水(shui)次(ci)數。提倡采(cai)(cai)用(yong)滴灌、小(xiao)管(guan)(guan)出流等(deng)節(jie)水(shui)灌溉措施(shi)。

⑥花果管(guan)理(li)：按DB64/T418《靈(ling)武(wu)長棗栽培(pei)技術(shu)規程》執(zhi)行。盛(sheng)花期噴布赤霉素控(kong)制(zhi)在2次以內。

⑦病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：實施無公害(hai)、綠色病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)控(kong)技術(shu)，堅持(chi)“預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)，綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)原則，綜合運用各種防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施，優(you)先采(cai)用農業措(cuo)施、生物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法，配合施用高效、低毒、低殘(can)留的(de)化學農藥，在化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上抓棗樹休眠期(qi)、蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)發生初期(qi)、蟲(chong)(chong)體裸露期(qi)、轉移(yi)為(wei)害(hai)期(qi)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在大發生前3～5d提前防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在一天中(zhong)盡量(liang)選擇上午10h前和下午4h后噴(pen)藥。具體防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)DB64/T531《靈武長棗主(zhu)要有害(hai)生物(wu)防(fang)控(kong)技術(shu)規程(cheng)》執行。

4、產(chan)品(pin)收獲及產(chan)后(hou)處理的(de)規(gui)定：在(zai)農藥安全間隔期后(hou)適時(shi)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收所用工具(ju)要清潔、衛生、無污(wu)染。①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)收：靈(ling)武長棗在(zai)脆熟(shu)期中后(hou)期采(cai)(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收時(shi)間9月下旬(xun)至(zhi)10月上(shang)旬(xun)。鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貯(zhu)藏1月以上(shang)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面著色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)(cai)(cai)收，鮮食棗果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全紅果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收時(shi)要戴柔質手套，采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)盛具(ju)表面要柔軟。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘時(shi)輕摘輕放(fang)，防止(zhi)一(yi)切人為或(huo)機械傷(shang)害，保(bao)證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實完整(zheng)無損(sun)傷(shang)。用于(yu)較長時(shi)間貯(zhu)藏棗果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，帶果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)裝(zhuang)：內包(bao)裝(zhuang)用(yong)符合(he)食品衛生要求的材(cai)料，與靈武長棗接觸不易產生摩(mo)擦傷。外(wai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)用(yong)紙(zhi)箱裝(zhuang)，包(bao)裝(zhuang)定量誤差(cha)應符合(he)國(guo)家(jia)質量技(ji)術監督(du)檢驗總局令（2005）第75號。

2、運(yun)輸：長途(tu)運(yun)輸應(ying)采用冷藏車(che)或(huo)冷藏集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)運(yun)輸，不得(de)(de)與(yu)有毒有害及有異味的物品一(yi)起運(yun)輸。搬運(yun)時(shi)應(ying)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放，不得(de)(de)拋摔(shuai)。

3、貯存(cun)：貯存(cun)時應采用冷藏(zang)或(huo)氣(qi)調(diao)貯藏(zang)。不得與有(you)毒有(you)害及(ji)有(you)異味(wei)的物品共(gong)同(tong)存(cun)放。產(chan)品堆(dui)放應離(li)地(di)面20cm以上，離(li)墻10cm以上。具體按DB64/T419—2005《鮮靈武長棗》執行。