一.產品介紹
解(jie)放初期(qi),烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)飼養的(de)綿羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)蒙系(xi)(xi)羊(yang)(yang)及少量蒙、藏系(xi)(xi)混血羊(yang)(yang)。該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)體質健壯,適(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang),耐粗(cu)料(liao),所產羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)為(wei)(wei)較好(hao)的(de)地(di)(di)毯毛(mao)原料(liao),但生(sheng)產性(xing)能低,為(wei)(wei)支援國(guo)家(jia)毛(mao)紡工業,提高(gao)養殖(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi),改(gai)善牧(mu)區人(ren)民生(sheng)活。烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)從1956年(nian)開(kai)始進(jin)行綿羊(yang)(yang)改(gai)良工作,首先在茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)地(di)(di)區推廣,主要(yao)引(yin)進(jin)的(de)父系(xi)(xi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有新疆細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)、茨蓋半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)、英(ying)國(guo)和(he)新西蘭(lan)羅姆尼—瑪許(xu)半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)。1987年(nian)6月(yue)15日,青(qing)(qing)海省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)廳(ting)和(he)省(sheng)科(ke)委共同組(zu)織省(sheng)內外養羊(yang)(yang)專家(jia)到烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)鎮牧(mu)區進(jin)行了(le)現場(chang)鑒定驗(yan)收。同年(nian)8月(yue)6日,青(qing)(qing)海省(sheng)人(ren)民政府決(jue)定命名培育的(de)半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)“青(qing)(qing)海高(gao)原毛(mao)肉兼(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)”新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。2014年(nian)由烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)那(nei)仁生(sheng)態畜牧(mu)業專業合作社將“青(qing)(qing)海高(gao)原毛(mao)肉兼(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)”成功申報國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志,登(deng)記(ji)名稱為(wei)(wei)“烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)”。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:烏蘭境內的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主要(yao)是(shi):高山(shan)(shan)(shan)寒(han)漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)原土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高山(shan)(shan)(shan)灌(guan)叢草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰棕漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等九種土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)。烏蘭縣地勢西北高東南低,形(xing)成波浪形(xing)狹長傾斜(xie)走向,四周(zhou)環山(shan)(shan)(shan),中間平坦,屬山(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地。平均海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)4000米(mi)(mi)以左右。最高海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為哇(wa)洪山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)5031米(mi)(mi),最底為素楞郭勒,海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)2725米(mi)(mi),相對(dui)高差2306米(mi)(mi),水平和垂直方向的(de)(de)變化十分顯著,為典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)立體地形(xing)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):烏蘭縣境內河流(liu)均為(wei)內陸水(shui)(shui)系,較大河流(liu)有(you)5條(tiao),地表徑(jing)流(liu)主要來源于山區(qu)降水(shui)(shui)和高山融雪、融凍水(shui)(shui)。境內地表水(shui)(shui)多(duo)年平均徑(jing)流(liu)量2.09億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),其中希賽(sai)盆(pen)地0.99億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),茶(cha)卡盆(pen)地1.1億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。河流(liu)礦化度為(wei)0.2-0.7克/升,PH值為(wei)7.5-8,地表水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良,對人體有(you)害物質(zhi)均未超標(biao)。
3、氣(qi)候情(qing)況:烏蘭(lan)(lan)縣地勢高峻,氣(qi)候干燥,冬(dong)季(ji)漫長,干燥寒冷(leng),春季(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)回升快(kuai),夏(xia)季(ji)短暫溫(wen)(wen)涼,秋季(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)逐(zhu)漸變冷(leng),全年降水量少,無(wu)霜期短,日照(zhao)充足,太陽輻射強烈,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差雨(yu)熱同季(ji)。光照(zhao):烏蘭(lan)(lan)縣年平(ping)均日照(zhao)2869-3113小時,年平(ping)均日照(zhao)百分率(lv)為(wei)65%-70%,光照(zhao)資源豐富,日照(zhao)日期長,十分有利各種(zhong)飼牧及草(cao)農作(zuo)物(wu)的光和作(zuo)用。氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen):年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)1.6 OC -3.3OC,極(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)達30.7OC,極(ji)端最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-30.7OC,年降雨(yu)量182.4mm。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史情況:烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處(chu)青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)中部,地(di)(di)跨西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦(qin)嶺華力西(xi)(xi)(xi)—印支地(di)(di)槽褶皺帶和東(dong)昆(kun)侖華力西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)槽褶皺帶兩(liang)大(da)構造(zao)單元,北(bei)與(yu)祁連加(jia)里東(dong)褶皺系相(xiang)連,南(nan)及(ji)柴達木(mu)坳(ao)陷北(bei)緣,烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)史悠久,周秦(qin)時為(wei)羌(qiang)人(ren)駐(zhu)牧(mu)地(di)(di)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢元始四(si)年(nian)(nian),安(an)漢公(gong)(gong)王莽在環湖地(di)(di)區置(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)郡,今(jin)烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)郡轄。公(gong)(gong)元4世(shi)紀初,成(cheng)為(wei)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)屬(shu)地(di)(di)。隋大(da)業五年(nian)(nian)(609),隨軍擊(ji)敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)(hun)(hun),置(zhi)四(si)郡,今(jin)烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡宣(xuan)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄,隋末,吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)復據地(di)(di)。唐貞觀九年(nian)(nian)(635)唐將率兵擊(ji)敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)(hun)(hun),今(jin)烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)為(wei)唐朝藩(fan)屬(shu)。龍朔(shuo)三年(nian)(nian)(663),吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃王國滅吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)據有(you)其地(di)(di),今(jin)烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)地(di)(di)區隸(li)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃臘城節度(du)使。1956年(nian)(nian)開始烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)行(xing)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良,當年(nian)(nian)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)高加(jia)索美利(li)奴細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良,向(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)簡單的級進(jin)(jin)雜交。1963年(nian)(nian)確(que)定向(xiang)(xiang)毛(mao)(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良。1971年(nian)(nian),從青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)湖東(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)和安(an)徽大(da)柳(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)英(ying)國和新(xin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)羅(luo)姆尼——瑪(ma)許長毛(mao)(mao)型種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)配種(zhong)(zhong)。1986年(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良地(di)(di)區均實(shi)現(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良雜種(zhong)(zhong)化。1987年(nian)(nian)7月,經省(sheng)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育種(zhong)(zhong)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)鑒定驗收,重點綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良育種(zhong)(zhong)區巴(ba)音鄉(現(xian)在與(yu)茶(cha)卡(ka)鎮合并)的綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達到(dao)(dao)(dao)和超(chao)過(guo)育種(zhong)(zhong)指標(biao),通過(guo)驗收并被(bei)青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府命名為(wei)“青(qing)海(hai)(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因該品種(zhong)(zhong)最早在茶(cha)卡(ka)地(di)(di)區改(gai)(gai)(gai)良育種(zhong)(zhong),因此當地(di)(di)老百(bai)姓稱其為(wei)“茶(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian)(nian),農業部將烏蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定為(wei)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商品生產(chan)基地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。育成(cheng)的羅(luo)茨新(xin)蒙型半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適應當地(di)(di)高寒、干旱、缺氧的自(zi)然環境,耐粗放管(guan)理,能登山遠牧(mu),抓膘(biao)快,保膘(biao)好,有(you)較強的抗病能力,遺傳性能穩定。改(gai)(gai)(gai)革開放以(yi)來,青(qing)海(hai)(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得到(dao)(dao)(dao)快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。據統計,1959年(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄15.84萬只(zhi),到(dao)(dao)(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄25.23萬只(zhi)。茶(cha)卡(ka)地(di)(di)區現(xian)有(you)茶(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬只(zhi),其中能繁(fan)母畜6萬只(zhi),到(dao)(dao)(dao)2008年(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)量達到(dao)(dao)(dao)41.4萬只(zhi)。2004年(nian)(nian)通過(guo)招商引(yin)資組建(jian)了(le)“青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)高原肉(rou)(rou)食品有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司”,開展(zhan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)系列產(chan)品加(jia)工。已開發(fa)(fa)有(you)“涮(shuan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餡(xian)”等系列產(chan)品。產(chan)品于2005年(nian)(nian)注(zhu)冊“茶(cha)卡(ka)洋”牌(pai)商標(biao)。經過(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),已初步(bu)形成(cheng)生產(chan)、加(jia)工、銷售的茶(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)業鏈(lian)條,其發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)前景十分廣闊。
三.地域范圍
烏(wu)蘭茶卡(ka)羊(yang)養殖地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范(fan)圍為(wei)青海省(sheng)烏(wu)蘭縣茶卡(ka)鎮境內。烏(wu)蘭地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為(wei):東經(jing)99°01′至99°27′,北緯(wei)36°19′至36°20′東西寬80公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北長30公(gong)里,幅(fu)員面積12858.16平(ping)方公(gong)里。產地(di)(di)適宜養植范(fan)圍東經(jing)98°54′至99°27′,北緯(wei)36°41′至36°50′,東西寬80公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北寬70公(gong)里,面積56平(ping)方公(gong)里。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1、外在感官特征(zheng):青海高原毛肉(rou)兼用半細(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)及半細(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)改(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)的外貌特征(zheng)因選配公羊(yang)(yang)而(er)異。今茶卡地(di)(di)區改(gai)良(liang)歷(li)史較長,導入羅血后(hou),半細(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)及半細(xi)毛改(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)呈傾向羅姆尼——瑪許親本(ben)體態,身軀(qu)發育勻稱,頭短(duan)寬,額(e)寬廣(guang),鼻(bi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)直,嘴短(duan)而(er)粗,肩胛和前(qian)驅結合良(liang)好(hao),胸深而(er)廣(guang),筋骨開張良(liang)好(hao),背平(ping)(ping)(ping)直,十(shi)字部寬平(ping)(ping)(ping),臀股部豐滿,肢偏短(duan),蹄堅實,多呈淡黑色。肉(rou)質鮮嫩(nen)、口味純(chun)(chun)正、肥而(er)不(bu)膩(ni)、滑而(er)爽口、口感地(di)(di)道(dao)純(chun)(chun)正,具滋補功(gong)效。是名副其實的純(chun)(chun)天然綠色食品。
2、內在品(pin)質指標:羊(yang)肉品(pin)質優,營養價值(zhi)較高(gao)。水分≥65.0%,總蛋白22~28.0%(實際值(zhi)為28%);總脂肪4.0~5.5%(實際值(zhi)為6.0%);粗纖維≤0.15%(實際值(zhi)為0.1%);膽固醇≤700mg/kg;富含17種氨基酸(suan),氨基酸(suan)總量19.01%。
3、安全要求:衛生指(zhi)標執(zhi)行NY5147-2002《無公害食品(pin)羊肉》標準規定。
五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇與特殊內容規定:烏蘭茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)生長(chang)在烏蘭縣茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內的(de)原(yuan)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong),生長(chang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)具有(you)獨(du)特的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)、純天然(ran)、無(wu)(wu)污染的(de)優良天然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)。境(jing)(jing)(jing)內無(wu)(wu)工業污染,土壤、空(kong)氣(qi)、水(shui)質(zhi)均優,原(yuan)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)良好(hao)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高(gao)寒(han)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)荒漠類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高(gao)寒(han)荒漠類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高(gao)寒(han)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、沼澤類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場等草(cao)(cao)(cao)場類(lei)(lei)型,植被多樣且豐富(fu),有(you)禾本(ben)科(ke)(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)(ke)、豆科(ke)(ke)、藜科(ke)(ke)、菊科(ke)(ke)等眾(zhong)多天然(ran)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)品種,主要優中(zhong)等牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)有(you)紫花(hua)針(zhen)茅、早熟禾、垂穗(sui)披堿草(cao)(cao)(cao)、扇穗(sui)冰(bing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、細葉苔、矮(ai)嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)、貝氏嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)、小(xiao)嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)、芨(ji)芨(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、賴草(cao)(cao)(cao)、固(gu)沙草(cao)(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜瓜、紅沙、豬毛菜(cai)、堿逢(feng)、檉柳、梭梭等。為(wei)放養茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)提供了豐富(fu)的(de)飼(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)源,農戶所用的(de)補(bu)飼(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)料、精料都是當地(di)生產(chan)的(de)秸稈、馬(ma)鈴薯和豆類(lei)(lei)籽實或(huo)粉碎(sui)料。全縣境(jing)(jing)(jing)內環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)、飲(yin)用水(shui)、大氣(qi)土壤均符合《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量標準(zhun)》(GB3095)、《無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品畜禽飲(yin)用水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)》(NY5027-2001)、《綠色食(shi)品產(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)技(ji)術(shu)條件(jian)》(NT/T391-2000)的(de)要求,非(fei)常(chang)適合茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)生產(chan)。
2、品種(zhong)選擇與(yu)特(te)定要(yao)求:茶卡羊(yang)是經過長期的(de)自(zi)然(ran)選擇和(he)人工選育而成的(de),生(sheng)產中(zhong)選擇的(de)羊(yang)符合以(yi)下特(te)征和(he)要(yao)求:體質堅實,頭較(jiao)長,著生(sheng)刺(ci)毛,頸較(jiao)細長,前驅發育較(jiao)差(cha),肩胛部稍高,背(bei)平(ping)或稍凹,斜尻,四肢高而健(jian)壯,蹄質堅實光(guang)滑(hua),膝部和(he)大(da)腿著生(sheng)刺(ci)毛,公羊(yang)有(you)螺旋大(da)角,母(mu)羊(yang)角較(jiao)細小,部分無(wu)角。成年(nian)母(mu)羊(yang)體高比(bi)(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母(mu)羊(yang)高4%,比(bi)(bi)斷(duan)(duan)奶母(mu)羔高18.3%;比(bi)(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母(mu)羊(yang)高8.1%,比(bi)(bi)斷(duan)(duan)奶母(mu)羔高9.5%;胸(xiong)圍比(bi)(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母(mu)羊(yang)高7.3%,比(bi)(bi)斷(duan)(duan)奶母(mu)羔高19.5%。公羊(yang)成年(nian)羊(yang)體高比(bi)(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)公羊(yang)高10.5%,體長高10.4%。
3、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管理(li)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)半(ban)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半(ban)舍飼(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi),夏秋(qiu)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,食天然(ran)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)白天放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚(wan)上進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行適(shi)(shi)當(dang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)求;選擇放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對(dui)象(xiang)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)及(ji)(ji)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)水平(ping)綜合(he)思考。春(chun)節草(cao)(cao)(cao)場;放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)遲,歸(gui)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)早,中午可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈,使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只多(duo)(duo)吃(chi)些草(cao)(cao)(cao)以便羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只及(ji)(ji)早恢復(fu)體(ti)力(li),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘創造條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只因“搶(qiang)青(qing)”而引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉,由(you)東(dong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)春(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場應(ying)(ying)逐漸過渡(du),等羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只消化器官適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),再充分放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青(qing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場;應(ying)(ying)到高(gao)山牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)(liang)延長(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間,宜(yi)早出晚(wan)歸(gui),使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)盡可(ke)(ke)能吃(chi)飽(bao),中午可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈,但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最(zui)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),可(ke)(ke)選擇高(gao)燥涼爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹蔭下(xia),讓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)臥憩。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場;羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)宜(yi)晚(wan)出晚(wan)歸(gui),中午繼續放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選擇牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)豐盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山腰和(he)山腳(jiao)地(di)(di)帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)(liang)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)較遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目地(di)(di),抓好秋(qiu)膘,利于越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)區(qu)或(huo)半(ban)農(nong)半(ban)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)到收(shou)過莊稼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬地(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對(dui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)(you)較大補(bu)(bu)(bu)益。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場;應(ying)(ying)選擇地(di)(di)勢較低和(he)山巒環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽平(ping)攤地(di)(di)區(qu)去放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過遠,以便遇到天氣驟變(bian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能很快返場,保(bao)證羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務是(shi)(shi)保(bao)膘、保(bao)胎(tai)和(he)安全生產(chan)(chan)(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)很長(chang),草(cao)(cao)(cao)場不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,應(ying)(ying)節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)。應(ying)(ying)先(xian)遠后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)近(jin),先(xian)陰(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)陽,先(xian)高(gao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)低,先(xian)溝后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)平(ping),玩出晚(wan)歸(gui),慢(man)走(zou)漫(man)游。由(you)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)驟變(bian)改變(bian),以免引(yin)起(qi)便秘。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場前,最(zui)好進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行整群(qun)(qun),除老弱羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)太(tai)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)淘(tao)汰外(wai),其余按營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)狀況組群(qun)(qun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選擇:飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭配(pei)(pei)按照以青(qing)粗飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,適(shi)(shi)當(dang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)充精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)清潔衛生,無(wu)(wu)毒無(wu)(wu)害(hai)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)各(ge)(ge)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)戶生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類情(qing)(qing)況而定,主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)玉米(mi)、小麥等經粉碎后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)做為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)玉米(mi)、小麥喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)。豆(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)始(shi)花(hua)期(qi)到盛花(hua)期(qi)收(shou)割,禾(he)本科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)抽穗期(qi)到花(hua)開期(qi)收(shou)割,干(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)田間自(zi)然(ran)曬干(gan)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)于木制(zhi)(zhi)架上曬干(gan)法(fa)(fa)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)青(qing)干(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)前將草(cao)(cao)(cao)切成3厘米(mi)左右或(huo)打成草(cao)(cao)(cao)粉飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)。 管理(li)方(fang)式(shi):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全年(nian)保(bao)證供給(gei)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)質(zhi),并給(gei)予適(shi)(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旺季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),混(hun)(hun)合(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜蓿干(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)野(ye)生干(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡蘿卜0.5~1.5kg,食鹽(yan)15~20kg。分2~3次給(gei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),飲水3~4次,每(mei)(mei)日(ri)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6h。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)備(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分開飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),便于補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)及(ji)(ji)管理(li)。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出生后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),14d即可(ke)(ke)訓練早吃(chi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),30d以內羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)(mei)天每(mei)(mei)只補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)150g,日(ri)喂(wei)2次。3~4月(yue)(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200g,日(ri)喂(wei)2~3次。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類應(ying)(ying)多(duo)(duo)樣化,最(zui)好有(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)餅、玉米(mi)、麩皮等3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以上混(hun)(hun)合(he),并可(ke)(ke)混(hun)(hun)入(ru)2%食鹽(yan)和(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi),另外(wai)補(bu)(bu)(bu)喂(wei)優質(zhi)干(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)多(duo)(duo)汁(zhi)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)方(fang)式(shi):茶(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):一(yi)是(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)天然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、人工(gong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場或(huo)秋(qiu)茬地(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包括淘(tao)汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)、母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、兩(liang)年(nian)未(wei)懷孕不(bu)(bu)(bu)能繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空懷母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)禾(he)本科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主要(yao)指斷奶后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)備(bei)公(gong)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以豆(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)一(yi)期(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)安排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)到8月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun),則(ze)第(di)(di)一(yi)個月(yue)(yue)全放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)二個月(yue)(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)每(mei)(mei)只每(mei)(mei)日(ri)200kg,此后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加到400kg;第(di)(di)二期(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)安排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)到10月(yue)(yue)底,則(ze)第(di)(di)一(yi)個月(yue)(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200~300k。第(di)(di)二個月(yue)(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)500g;二是(shi)(shi)舍飼(si)(si)(si)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),是(shi)(shi)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屠宰短期(qi)內進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行,所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)除優良豆(dou)科、禾(he)本科干(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)外(wai),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)工(gong)業加工(gong)副(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)如酒(jiu)糟、油餅以及(ji)(ji)含淀粉高(gao)農(nong)副(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):嚴格按照國家有(you)(you)(you)關規定進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只口蹄疫(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)注射,根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)方(fang)疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)發生情(qing)(qing)況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳染(ran)性胸(xiong)膜(mo)肺炎(yan)和(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)四聯(lian)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免疫(yi)(yi),所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)疫(yi)(yi)苗全部來自(zi)省、市(shi)級動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)監督機(ji)構。嚴格按照《獸(shou)醫管理(li)條(tiao)(tiao)例》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)獸(shou)藥和(he)疫(yi)(yi)苗。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)縣動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)監督站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導和(he)監督下(xia),由(you)各(ge)(ge)鎮畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫員(yuan)負責疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等各(ge)(ge)項具體(ti)工(gong)作。
4、茶卡羊(yang)(yang)屠(tu)宰(zai)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu) 茶卡羊(yang)(yang)的屠(tu)宰(zai)為人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo),用(yong)尖刀(dao)在羊(yang)(yang)只枕寰關節處穿刺,切斷脊椎神經,再割斷頸動脈放(fang)血(xue),然后剝皮,去頭、蹄,取出內臟,羊(yang)(yang)腸(chang)去除內容物(wu)并(bing)洗凈后和(he)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)進行(xing)深加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)或將(jiang)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)剁成適度大(da)小的坨坨,煮熟后即可食(shi)用(yong),可不加(jia)(jia)(jia)任何調味品(pin)(pin),撒少許鹽,也(ye)可撒上(shang)適量(liang)鹽、辣(la)椒,花椒等,依個人(ren)(ren)口味而定(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)深加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)目前主要有 “青海(hai)省藏源肉(rou)(rou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)公司”、“青海(hai)省高原肉(rou)(rou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)公司”兩家企業,主要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)“涮羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)串(chuan)”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餡”等“茶卡洋”牌(pai)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),并(bing)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)銷售,市(shi)(shi)場(chang)前景看好。并(bing)制定(ding)有產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)標準5、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要求:烏蘭(lan)縣農牧局專業技術(shu)人(ren)(ren)員和(he)烏蘭(lan)縣那仁郭勒養殖專業合作(zuo)社負責茶卡羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)各環(huan)節的技術(shu)培訓與指導(dao)、信息(xi)服務(wu)、質量(liang)監督(du)檢查等方面的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。具(ju)體(ti)的現場(chang)指導(dao)、服務(wu)、監督(du)及疫(yi)(yi)病防治(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)由茶卡鎮畜牧獸(shou)醫(yi)站組織實施,重點監督(du)飼料、獸(shou)藥(yao)的使用(yong),按規定(ding)和(he)需要開展口蹄疫(yi)(yi)、羊(yang)(yang)痘、傳染性胸(xiong)膜肺炎的防疫(yi)(yi),建立健全免疫(yi)(yi)(包括:疫(yi)(yi)苗的名(ming)稱、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠家、批號、劑(ji)量(liang)、免疫(yi)(yi)時間等)、用(yong)藥(yao)、無(wu)害化處理等養殖檔案(an)記錄,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
1、技術要(yao)求、檢(jian)驗方法、貯藏和運(yun)輸(shu):按(an)照NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊肉》相關要(yao)求執行。
2、標(biao)識和(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang):標(biao)識按照《農產品地理標(biao)志管理辦法》第十四條規定執行;包(bao)裝(zhuang)上規范使用(yong)農產品地理標(biao)志(烏蘭縣(xian)茶卡羊名稱和(he)公共標(biao)識圖(tu)案(an)組(zu)合標(biao)注型式)。