一.產品介紹
解(jie)放初期(qi),烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)飼(si)養的(de)(de)綿羊(yang)(yang)品種為蒙(meng)系羊(yang)(yang)及少量蒙(meng)、藏系混血羊(yang)(yang)。該品種羊(yang)(yang)體質健壯,適(shi)應性(xing)強,耐(nai)粗料(liao),所(suo)產羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)為較好(hao)的(de)(de)地毯毛(mao)原料(liao),但生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產性(xing)能低(di),為支援國(guo)家(jia)毛(mao)紡工(gong)業,提高(gao)養殖效益(yi),改善(shan)牧(mu)區人民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)從1956年(nian)開始進(jin)行綿羊(yang)(yang)改良工(gong)作(zuo),首先(xian)在茶卡地區推(tui)廣,主要引進(jin)的(de)(de)父系品種有新疆細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)、茨蓋半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)、英(ying)國(guo)和新西蘭(lan)(lan)羅姆尼—瑪許半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)。1987年(nian)6月15日(ri),青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)農牧(mu)廳和省(sheng)(sheng)科委共同組織省(sheng)(sheng)內外養羊(yang)(yang)專家(jia)到烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)茶卡鎮牧(mu)區進(jin)行了現場鑒定驗收。同年(nian)8月6日(ri),青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)人民政(zheng)府決定命(ming)名培(pei)育的(de)(de)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)為“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)”新品種。2014年(nian)由烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)那仁生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態畜牧(mu)業專業合作(zuo)社(she)將“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)”成功申報國(guo)家(jia)農產品地理標志,登記名稱為“烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)茶卡羊(yang)(yang)”。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:烏(wu)蘭境(jing)內(nei)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主要是:高(gao)山(shan)(shan)寒漠(mo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)草原(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)灌(guan)叢草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰棕漠(mo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)九(jiu)種土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)。烏(wu)蘭縣地勢西(xi)北高(gao)東南低,形成波浪(lang)形狹長(chang)傾斜走向(xiang),四周(zhou)環山(shan)(shan),中間(jian)平(ping)坦,屬山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地。平(ping)均海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)4000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以左右。最(zui)高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為哇洪山(shan)(shan),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)5031米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)底為素楞郭勒,海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)2725米(mi)(mi)(mi),相(xiang)對高(gao)差(cha)2306米(mi)(mi)(mi),水平(ping)和(he)垂直方向(xiang)的變化十分顯(xian)著(zhu),為典型(xing)的立體地形。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:烏蘭縣境(jing)內河流(liu)均為內陸水(shui)(shui)系,較大河流(liu)有5條,地(di)表徑流(liu)主要來源于山區降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)和高山融(rong)雪、融(rong)凍水(shui)(shui)。境(jing)內地(di)表水(shui)(shui)多年平均徑流(liu)量2.09億立方(fang)米,其(qi)中希賽(sai)盆地(di)0.99億立方(fang)米,茶卡盆地(di)1.1億立方(fang)米。河流(liu)礦化度(du)為0.2-0.7克(ke)/升,PH值為7.5-8,地(di)表水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質良,對人體(ti)有害物質均未(wei)超標(biao)。
3、氣候(hou)情況(kuang):烏蘭(lan)縣地(di)勢高峻,氣候(hou)干燥,冬季(ji)漫長,干燥寒冷(leng),春季(ji)氣溫(wen)(wen)回升快,夏季(ji)短暫溫(wen)(wen)涼,秋季(ji)氣溫(wen)(wen)逐漸變冷(leng),全(quan)年降水量少,無霜期短,日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充足,太陽(yang)輻射強烈,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差雨熱同季(ji)。光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao):烏蘭(lan)縣年平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)2869-3113小時,年平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)百分率為65%-70%,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)資源豐富,日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)期長,十分有利各種(zhong)飼(si)牧(mu)及草農作(zuo)物(wu)的光(guang)和作(zuo)用。氣溫(wen)(wen):年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)1.6 OC -3.3OC,極端最(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)達(da)30.7OC,極端最(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)-30.7OC,年降雨量182.4mm。
4、人(ren)文歷史情(qing)況:烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)部(bu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)跨西(xi)秦嶺華力西(xi)—印支地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)褶皺(zhou)帶和東(dong)(dong)昆侖華力西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)褶皺(zhou)帶兩(liang)大構造單元(yuan),北與(yu)祁連(lian)加里(li)東(dong)(dong)褶皺(zhou)系(xi)(xi)相連(lian),南及(ji)柴達木坳陷北緣,烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷史悠久,周秦時(shi)為(wei)羌人(ren)駐(zhu)牧地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。西(xi)漢元(yuan)始四年(nian)(nian),安(an)漢公(gong)(gong)(gong)王莽在(zai)(zai)環湖(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區置西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡,今(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡轄。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)4世紀初(chu),成為(wei)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾屬(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。隋(sui)大業(ye)五年(nian)(nian)(609),隨軍擊敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾,置四郡,今(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)郡宣德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄,隋(sui)末(mo),吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾復據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。唐(tang)貞觀(guan)九年(nian)(nian)(635)唐(tang)將(jiang)(jiang)率兵(bing)擊敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾,今(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成為(wei)唐(tang)朝藩屬(shu)。龍朔三年(nian)(nian)(663),吐(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)王國(guo)滅吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾據有(you)(you)(you)其地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),今(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區隸吐(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)臘城節(jie)度(du)使。1956年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實行細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)良(liang)(liang),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)引進高(gao)加索(suo)美利奴細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)良(liang)(liang),向細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)向發展(zhan)(zhan),方(fang)法是(shi)簡單的(de)(de)級進雜交。1963年(nian)(nian)確定向毛(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)向改(gai)良(liang)(liang)。1971年(nian)(nian),從青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)湖(hu)東(dong)(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場和安(an)徽大柳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場引進英國(guo)和新西(xi)蘭(lan)羅姆尼——瑪許長毛(mao)(mao)型(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1986年(nian)(nian)底,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區均實現(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)雜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化。1987年(nian)(nian)7月(yue),經省(sheng)(sheng)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委(wei)員會(hui)鑒定驗(yan)收,重點綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區巴(ba)音鄉(現(xian)在(zai)(zai)與(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)鎮合(he)并(bing))的(de)(de)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達到和超過(guo)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指標,通(tong)過(guo)驗(yan)收并(bing)被青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)命名為(wei)“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因(yin)該(gai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最早在(zai)(zai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區改(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),因(yin)此當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)老(lao)百姓稱其為(wei)“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian)(nian),農業(ye)部(bu)將(jiang)(jiang)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定為(wei)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)成的(de)(de)羅茨新蒙型(xing)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)應當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高(gao)寒(han)、干旱、缺氧的(de)(de)自(zi)然環境,耐粗放(fang)管理,能(neng)登山遠牧,抓膘快,保膘好,有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)抗病能(neng)力,遺傳性(xing)能(neng)穩定。改(gai)革開(kai)放(fang)以來,青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得到快速發展(zhan)(zhan)。據統計(ji),1959年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存欄(lan)15.84萬只(zhi)(zhi),到2009年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存欄(lan)25.23萬只(zhi)(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬只(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)能(neng)繁母畜6萬只(zhi)(zhi),到2008年(nian)(nian)底,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養量達到41.4萬只(zhi)(zhi)。2004年(nian)(nian)通(tong)過(guo)招商(shang)引資組建(jian)了“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)原肉食品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司”,開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工。已開(kai)發有(you)(you)(you)“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍(zhen)”、“火(huo)鍋羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉餡”等系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)于2005年(nian)(nian)注冊“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)洋”牌(pai)商(shang)標。經過(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)發展(zhan)(zhan),已初(chu)步形成生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、加工、銷售的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈條(tiao),其發展(zhan)(zhan)前景十分廣闊。
三.地域范圍
烏(wu)蘭茶卡(ka)羊養殖地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范(fan)圍為(wei)青海省烏(wu)蘭縣茶卡(ka)鎮境(jing)內。烏(wu)蘭地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為(wei):東(dong)經99°01′至(zhi)99°27′,北(bei)緯36°19′至(zhi)36°20′東(dong)西(xi)寬80公里,南北(bei)長(chang)30公里,幅(fu)員面積12858.16平(ping)(ping)方公里。產地(di)(di)適宜養植(zhi)范(fan)圍東(dong)經98°54′至(zhi)99°27′,北(bei)緯36°41′至(zhi)36°50′,東(dong)西(xi)寬80公里,南北(bei)寬70公里,面積56平(ping)(ping)方公里。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外(wai)在感官特征(zheng):青海(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼用半(ban)細毛(mao)(mao)羊及半(ban)細毛(mao)(mao)羊改良(liang)羊的(de)外(wai)貌特征(zheng)因選(xuan)配(pei)公羊而異。今茶卡(ka)地區改良(liang)歷史較長,導(dao)入羅血后(hou),半(ban)細毛(mao)(mao)羊及半(ban)細毛(mao)(mao)改良(liang)羊呈(cheng)傾向羅姆尼——瑪許親本體態,身軀發育勻稱,頭短寬(kuan),額寬(kuan)廣,鼻平(ping)直,嘴短而粗,肩胛和前驅(qu)結合(he)良(liang)好(hao),胸深而廣,筋(jin)骨(gu)開(kai)張良(liang)好(hao),背(bei)平(ping)直,十字部(bu)寬(kuan)平(ping),臀股部(bu)豐滿(man),肢(zhi)偏短,蹄堅實,多(duo)呈(cheng)淡黑色。肉質(zhi)鮮(xian)嫩、口味純正(zheng)、肥而不膩(ni)、滑(hua)而爽口、口感地道純正(zheng),具滋補功效。是名(ming)副其實的(de)純天(tian)然綠色食品。
2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:羊肉品質(zhi)優,營養價值(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)高。水分≥65.0%,總(zong)蛋白22~28.0%(實際(ji)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)28%);總(zong)脂(zhi)肪4.0~5.5%(實際(ji)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)6.0%);粗纖維≤0.15%(實際(ji)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)0.1%);膽固醇≤700mg/kg;富含17種氨基酸(suan),氨基酸(suan)總(zong)量19.01%。
3、安全要求(qiu):衛生指標執行(xing)NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊肉》標準規定。
五(wu).特(te)定(ding)生產方式(shi)
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇與(yu)特(te)殊內容規定:烏(wu)蘭(lan)茶(cha)卡羊(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)長在烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣茶(cha)卡境內的(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境中,生(sheng)(sheng)長環境具有獨(du)特(te)的(de)氣(qi)候、純天然(ran)(ran)、無污(wu)染的(de)優(you)良天然(ran)(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)(zhi)。境內無工業污(wu)染,土壤、空(kong)氣(qi)、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)均優(you),原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境良好。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)以山地(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、高(gao)寒草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、山地(di)荒(huang)漠類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、高(gao)寒荒(huang)漠類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、山地(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、高(gao)寒草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、沼澤類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)等(deng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)類型,植被(bei)多樣且豐富,有禾(he)本科(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)、豆科(ke)、藜科(ke)、菊科(ke)等(deng)眾(zhong)多天然(ran)(ran)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)品(pin)種,主(zhu)要(yao)優(you)中等(deng)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有紫花針(zhen)茅、早熟禾(he)、垂穗披堿草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、扇穗冰草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細葉苔、矮嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、貝氏嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、小嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芨芨草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、賴(lai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、固(gu)沙(sha)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜瓜、紅沙(sha)、豬(zhu)毛菜、堿逢、檉柳、梭(suo)梭(suo)等(deng)。為放養茶(cha)卡羊(yang)羊(yang)提供了豐富的(de)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資源,農戶所用的(de)補飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料、精料都是當地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)秸稈、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯和豆類籽實或(huo)粉(fen)碎(sui)料。全縣境內環境、飲用水(shui)、大氣(qi)土壤均符合《環境空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準》(GB3095)、《無公害食(shi)品(pin)畜禽飲用水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)》(NY5027-2001)、《綠色食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)地(di)環境技術條(tiao)件》(NT/T391-2000)的(de)要(yao)求,非常適(shi)合茶(cha)卡羊(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)與特定要求:茶卡羊(yang)(yang)是經過(guo)長期的自然選擇(ze)(ze)和(he)人工選育(yu)而(er)成的,生產中選擇(ze)(ze)的羊(yang)(yang)符合以下特征和(he)要求:體質(zhi)堅(jian)實(shi),頭較(jiao)長,著生刺毛,頸(jing)較(jiao)細(xi)長,前驅(qu)發育(yu)較(jiao)差,肩胛部稍(shao)高(gao)(gao),背平或稍(shao)凹(ao),斜尻(kao),四肢高(gao)(gao)而(er)健壯(zhuang),蹄質(zhi)堅(jian)實(shi)光滑,膝部和(he)大腿著生刺毛,公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)有螺旋大角,母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)角較(jiao)細(xi)小,部分(fen)無角。成年母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)體高(gao)(gao)比周(zhou)歲母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)4%,比斷(duan)奶(nai)母(mu)(mu)(mu)羔(gao)高(gao)(gao)18.3%;比周(zhou)歲母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)8.1%,比斷(duan)奶(nai)母(mu)(mu)(mu)羔(gao)高(gao)(gao)9.5%;胸圍比周(zhou)歲母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)7.3%,比斷(duan)奶(nai)母(mu)(mu)(mu)羔(gao)高(gao)(gao)19.5%。公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)成年羊(yang)(yang)體高(gao)(gao)比周(zhou)歲公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)10.5%,體長高(gao)(gao)10.4%。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程管理(li)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)半放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),夏秋(qiu)兩(liang)(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為主(zhu)(zhu),食天然牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)兩(liang)(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)白天放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行(xing)適(shi)當(dang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要求;選(xuan)擇放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)應(ying)根(gen)據放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對(dui)象(xiang)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)水平綜合(he)思考。春(chun)節草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)出牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遲,歸(gui)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)早,中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈,使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)多吃(chi)(chi)些(xie)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)早恢復體力,為以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘創造條件。為防(fang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)“搶(qiang)青”而(er)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉,由(you)東(dong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)入春(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)應(ying)逐漸過(guo)(guo)渡(du),等羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)消化(hua)器(qi)官適(shi)應(ying)后(hou)(hou),再充(chong)分放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);應(ying)到高(gao)山(shan)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量延長放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)間,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)早出晚歸(gui),使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)吃(chi)(chi)飽,中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈,但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最(zui)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)擇高(gao)燥涼爽(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹蔭(yin)下(xia),讓(rang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)臥憩。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)晚出晚歸(gui),中(zhong)午(wu)繼續放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選(xuan)擇牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)豐盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)腰和(he)(he)(he)(he)山(shan)腳地(di)帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量利用(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目地(di),抓好(hao)秋(qiu)膘,利于越冬(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農區(qu)(qu)或(huo)半農半牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)到收過(guo)(guo)莊(zhuang)稼(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬(cha)(cha)地(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對(dui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大補(bu)(bu)(bu)益(yi)。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);應(ying)選(xuan)擇地(di)勢較(jiao)低和(he)(he)(he)(he)山(shan)巒環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽平攤地(di)區(qu)(qu)去放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)遠,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便遇(yu)到天氣驟變(bian)時(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)很快返場(chang)(chang)(chang),保(bao)證(zheng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務(wu)是保(bao)膘、保(bao)胎(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)安全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)很長,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,應(ying)節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。應(ying)先遠后(hou)(hou)近,先陰后(hou)(hou)陽,先高(gao)后(hou)(hou)低,先溝后(hou)(hou)平,玩出晚歸(gui),慢走漫(man)游。由(you)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉為補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)驟變(bian)改變(bian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)免(mian)引(yin)起便秘。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)進(jin)入冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)前(qian),最(zui)好(hao)進(jin)行(xing)整群(qun)(qun),除老弱羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)太差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)當(dang)淘汰外(wai),其余按(an)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)狀況組群(qun)(qun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選(xuan)擇:飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭配按(an)照(zhao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青粗(cu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為主(zhu)(zhu),適(shi)當(dang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則進(jin)行(xing)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)清潔衛生(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)毒無(wu)害。精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根(gen)據各養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖戶生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食種(zhong)類(lei)情況而(er)定,主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)、小麥等經粉(fen)碎后(hou)(hou)做為精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)直(zhi)接用(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)、小麥喂(wei)(wei)(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)始花(hua)(hua)期(qi)到盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)收割,禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)抽穗(sui)期(qi)到花(hua)(hua)開(kai)期(qi)收割,干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬(shai)制方(fang)法采用(yong)(yong)(yong)田間自(zi)然曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)法或(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)于木制架上(shang)(shang)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)法。為提高(gao)青干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)率,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)將草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)切成(cheng)(cheng)3厘米(mi)左右或(huo)打成(cheng)(cheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)粉(fen)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei)(wei)。 管理(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全年保(bao)證(zheng)供給較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),并給予適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配種(zhong)旺季(ji)(ji)(ji),混(hun)合(he)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜蓿干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)野生(sheng)(sheng)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡蘿卜0.5~1.5kg,食鹽(yan)15~20kg。分2~3次給草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),飲水3~4次,每(mei)日(ri)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)間約為6h。后(hou)(hou)備(bei)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與(yu)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分開(kai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),便于補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)及(ji)管理(li)。羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出生(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou),14d即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)訓(xun)練早吃(chi)(chi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),30d以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)內羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)天每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)150g,日(ri)喂(wei)(wei)(wei)2次。3~4月(yue)(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200g,日(ri)喂(wei)(wei)(wei)2~3次。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種(zhong)類(lei)應(ying)多樣化(hua),最(zui)好(hao)有(you)(you)(you)豆餅、玉(yu)米(mi)、麩皮(pi)等3種(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)混(hun)合(he),并可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)混(hun)入2%食鹽(yan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),另外(wai)補(bu)(bu)(bu)喂(wei)(wei)(wei)優質(zhi)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)多汁(zhi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong):一是放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei),是利用(yong)(yong)(yong)天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、人工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)或(huo)秋(qiu)茬(cha)(cha)地(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包括淘汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)、母(mu)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、兩(liang)(liang)年未懷孕不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)繁殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空懷母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)要指斷奶(nai)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非后(hou)(hou)備(bei)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)一期(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)安排在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬到8月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬,則第(di)一個(ge)月(yue)(yue)全放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)二(er)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)每(mei)日(ri)200kg,此后(hou)(hou)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)到400kg;第(di)二(er)期(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)安排在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬到10月(yue)(yue)底,則第(di)一個(ge)月(yue)(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200~300k。第(di)二(er)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)500g;二(er)是舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei),是育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎時(shi)(shi)期(qi),或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屠宰短期(qi)內進(jin)行(xing),所用(yong)(yong)(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)除優良(liang)豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)、禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)外(wai),還有(you)(you)(you)工業加(jia)(jia)(jia)工副產(chan)(chan)品(pin)如酒糟、油(you)餅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)含淀粉(fen)高(gao)農副產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)防(fang)治:嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)國家有(you)(you)(you)關規定進(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)蹄疫(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)注射(she),根(gen)據地(di)方(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)發生(sheng)(sheng)情況進(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳染(ran)性(xing)胸膜肺炎和(he)(he)(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)四聯苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi),所用(yong)(yong)(yong)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗全部來自(zi)省、市級(ji)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)監督(du)機構(gou)。嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)《獸醫管理(li)條例》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)獸藥和(he)(he)(he)(he)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)縣(xian)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)監督(du)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)監督(du)下(xia),由(you)各鎮畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫員負責疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)防(fang)治等各項具體工作。
4、茶卡羊(yang)(yang)屠(tu)宰、加工技術(shu) 茶卡羊(yang)(yang)的(de)屠(tu)宰為人工操作,用尖刀在羊(yang)(yang)只枕寰關節(jie)處(chu)穿刺,切(qie)斷脊椎神經(jing),再(zai)割(ge)斷頸動(dong)脈放血,然(ran)后(hou)剝皮,去頭(tou)、蹄(ti),取出內臟,羊(yang)(yang)腸(chang)去除(chu)內容物并(bing)洗凈后(hou)和(he)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)進行深(shen)加工或將羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)剁成適度大小的(de)坨坨,煮熟后(hou)即可(ke)食(shi)(shi)用,可(ke)不加任何(he)調味品(pin)(pin),撒(sa)少(shao)許鹽,也可(ke)撒(sa)上適量鹽、辣椒(jiao),花(hua)椒(jiao)等(deng),依(yi)個人口味而定。羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)深(shen)加工目前主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you) “青海省藏源肉(rou)(rou)(rou)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)公司”、“青海省高原肉(rou)(rou)(rou)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)公司”兩家企業,主(zhu)(zhu)要生(sheng)產(chan)“涮羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)珍”、“火(huo)鍋羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)餡(xian)”等(deng)“茶卡洋”牌系列產(chan)品(pin)(pin),并(bing)上市銷(xiao)售,市場前景看好。并(bing)制定有(you)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工技術(shu)標準5、生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu):烏蘭縣農牧局專(zhuan)業技術(shu)人員和(he)烏蘭縣那仁郭勒(le)養殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業合作社負責茶卡羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產(chan)各環節(jie)的(de)技術(shu)培訓與指導(dao)、信息(xi)服(fu)務、質(zhi)量監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)等(deng)方面的(de)工作。具體的(de)現場指導(dao)、服(fu)務、監(jian)督(du)及疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病防(fang)治工作由茶卡鎮(zhen)畜牧獸醫(yi)站組織實施,重點監(jian)督(du)飼(si)料、獸藥的(de)使用,按規定和(he)需要開展口蹄(ti)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)、羊(yang)(yang)痘(dou)、傳染性胸(xiong)膜肺炎的(de)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi),建立健全免疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(包(bao)括:疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗的(de)名稱(cheng)、生(sheng)產(chan)廠家、批號、劑量、免疫(yi)(yi)(yi)時間(jian)等(deng))、用藥、無害化處(chu)理等(deng)養殖(zhi)檔案記(ji)錄(lu),以備(bei)查(cha)閱。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關規定(ding)
1、技術要(yao)求、檢驗方法、貯藏和運輸:按照NY5147-2002《無公害(hai)食品羊肉》相(xiang)關要(yao)求執行。
2、標(biao)識和包裝:標(biao)識按照《農產品地理標(biao)志管理辦(ban)法》第十四條規定執行;包裝上規范使用(yong)農產品地理標(biao)志(烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣茶(cha)卡羊名稱和公(gong)共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型式)。