一.產品介紹
新疆生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)建設兵(bing)團十(shi)二師西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)位于烏(wu)(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)市南(nan)(nan)郊(jiao)25公里(li)處(chu),地(di)處(chu)天(tian)山(shan)(shan)北麓、烏(wu)(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)河上游洪(hong)積扇斜坡(po)平(ping)原。1959年(nian)建場(chang)(chang)初期,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)主要以種植(zhi)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作物為(wei)主,馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)只滿足(zu)本場(chang)(chang)職工自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的需(xu)要。1980年(nian)改革開放(fang)以后,隨著城鎮人口的不斷增(zeng)加和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水平(ping)的提(ti)高,烏(wu)(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)政府為(wei)滿足(zu)城鎮市民的吃(chi)菜需(xu)求,決(jue)定在烏(wu)(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)市郊(jiao)發展(zhan)三大副食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di),西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)被(bei)(bei)確(que)定為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)之一(yi)。由于地(di)處(chu)天(tian)山(shan)(shan)北麓烏(wu)(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)郊(jiao),屬山(shan)(shan)區(qu)冷涼氣(qi)候,年(nian)無(wu)霜(shuang)期147天(tian),夏季涼爽,光照充(chong)足(zu),加之土壤砂(sha)礫石含量較高,特(te)(te)別適宜種植(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu),因此,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)又被(bei)(bei)確(que)定為(wei)自(zi)(zi)治區(qu)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di),大力(li)發展(zhan)菜用馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)。為(wei)解決(jue)病害問(wen)題,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)依(yi)(yi)托石河子大學的科(ke)研力(li)量,大力(li)發展(zhan)脫毒制種技術,確(que)保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上全(quan)部使用脫毒種薯(shu)(shu)。30年(nian)來,農(nong)場(chang)(chang)依(yi)(yi)靠獨特(te)(te)的自(zi)(zi)然氣(qi)候和科(ke)技領(ling)先等優(you)勢,全(quan)力(li)發展(zhan)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye),現種植(zhi)面(mian)積1500 hm2,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)6萬(wan)t左右。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)品從薯(shu)(shu)形到色(se)(se)澤和口感,已成為(wei)一(yi)種特(te)(te)色(se)(se)菜用馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu),為(wei)廣大市民所接受(shou)和熟知,多年(nian)來已為(wei)新疆各地(di)提(ti)供(gong)優(you)質馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)90萬(wan)t。為(wei)提(ti)高市場(chang)(chang)競爭力(li),該場(chang)(chang)注(zhu)冊了(le)“碧(bi)泉”牌(pai)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)商標,并已通過國(guo)(guo)家商標認證;“碧(bi)泉”牌(pai)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)已獲國(guo)(guo)家A級綠色(se)(se)認證。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:西(xi)山農牧場馬鈴薯(shu)生產(chan)地(di)域地(di)勢較(jiao)平坦,周圍無工業“三廢”污染,地(di)凈田潔。產(chan)區地(di)處低山丘陵(ling)和洪(hong)積沖積扇平原上(shang),海拔955-1460m,南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)高(gao)差423m,坡降1.91%,幅度在1.71%-2%之間,地(di)勢是南(nan)(nan)(nan)高(gao)北(bei)低,由(you)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)向東逐漸傾斜。南(nan)(nan)(nan)部地(di)區地(di)勢開(kai)闊平坦,東西(xi)方(fang)向呈波浪狀(zhuang)起伏,形(xing)(xing)成槽(cao)梁相(xiang)間分布。北(bei)部地(di)形(xing)(xing)比較(jiao)復雜(za),有高(gao)差幾十米的洪(hong)溝,形(xing)(xing)成丘陵(ling)與平原地(di)帶并(bing)沿槽(cao)子地(di)蜿蜒向北(bei),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)長25km,東西(xi)寬1.9-5.53km。該區土(tu)(tu)壤分棕(zong)(zong)鈣土(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)、沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)和鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)壤中棕(zong)(zong)鈣土(tu)(tu)占(zhan)92.6%,砂礫(li)石含量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao),全氮含量(liang)中等,全磷(lin)含量(liang)少,鉀素含量(liang)豐富,適宜(yi)馬鈴薯(shu)生長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:西山農牧(mu)場馬鈴薯(shu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)主要來自烏魯木(mu)齊河,年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)5453.7萬m3-7151.7萬m3。用于(yu)(yu)灌溉的除(chu)從青年(nian)渠得到分配(pei)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)外(wai),還由(you)太平(ping)渠首從烏魯木(mu)齊河引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源主要是(shi)烏魯木(mu)齊河河床滲漏水(shui)(shui)(shui),其次是(shi)灌溉滲漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)和降水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給。由(you)于(yu)(yu)受地(di)質構造的影響(xiang),地(di)區(qu)(qu)之間很不平(ping)衡,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋藏較(jiao)深(shen),水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)豐富、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質較(jiao)好的水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)在產(chan)區(qu)(qu)東(dong)部,一(yi)般在250-300m。現已打(da)井30口(kou)。各種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工程(cheng)設施基本配(pei)套,主要輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠道防滲化程(cheng)度(du)達到90%左(zuo)右(you)。土(tu)壤凍(dong)層厚度(du)160㎝左(zuo)右(you),凍(dong)土(tu)期長達6個月之久。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)屬中溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性半干旱(han)氣(qi)候(hou),寒暑(shu)變(bian)化劇烈,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大,冬暖夏涼,光照充(chong)足(zu),熱量(liang)少,蒸發(fa)(fa)大,降水少,春(chun)季升溫(wen)(wen)慢,秋季降溫(wen)(wen)快,又因地處達坂城風口下沿(yan)25km風區(qu)(qu),冬季風大不積雪(xue),春(chun)季風多,跑商快。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降水量(liang)177.4㎜,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)2221㎜,作物生育期(qi)平(ping)(ping)均降水量(liang)138.2㎜,年(nian)均相(xiang)對濕度為(wei)62%,是最(zui)適宜馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯生長(chang)的氣(qi)候(hou)條件。全年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日照時數2762.7h,≥10℃年(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)2693℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)147d,年(nian)際變(bian)幅在130-176d之(zhi)間(jian),能滿足(zu)農作物生長(chang)需要。 該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)氣(qi)候(hou)雖然(ran)適合(he)于一年(nian)一熟的作物生長(chang),但自(zi)然(ran)災害多而頻繁,主(zhu)要自(zi)然(ran)災害有干旱(han)、風災、洪災、和霜凍,對農業生產造成嚴重損失。
三.地域范圍
西(xi)山農牧場馬鈴薯(shu)產區位于新(xin)疆(jiang)省烏魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)市沙(sha)區,地處(chu)天(tian)山北麓、烏魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)河上游的洪積扇斜坡平原(yuan),東(dong)經87°20′37〞-87°27′13″,北緯43°31′30″-43°47′30″。東(dong)以青年渠老河道為(wei)界,西(xi)以八(ba)鋼公路為(wei)界和烏魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)縣薩爾達板鄉接壤,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)以老沙(sha)渠為(wei)界與(yu)烏魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)縣永豐鄉為(wei)鄰,北靠(kao)牛毛(mao)湖煤礦,南(nan)(nan)以烏魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)河為(wei)界與(yu)板房(fang)溝鄉隔河相望(wang)。南(nan)(nan)北長25km,東(dong)西(xi)寬1.9-8km。有(you)216國道、101省道貫通(tong),交通(tong)方(fang)便距烏魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)25km。產區海拔(ba)955-1460m,深居歐(ou)亞(ya)大(da)陸腹地,屬山區涼冷氣候。西(xi)山農牧場馬鈴薯(shu)地域保護范(fan)圍為(wei)西(xi)山農牧場十一(yi)個連(lian)隊和一(yi)○四團五個連(lian)隊。土豆(dou)種植面積1500公頃,年產土豆(dou)6萬噸(dun)左右(you)
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
本部分內容主要表述反映(ying)登(deng)記產品(pin)特(te)有(you)的品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征和產品(pin)質量安全方面遵循的規(gui)定,主要包括:
(1)外在感官(guan)特征:薯形橢圓形,表皮光滑,白皮白肉,芽眼淺,塊形整齊(qi)、均勻,大(da)中薯率高(gao),產(chan)量高(gao),品質好。
(2)內在品質指標:該區馬鈴薯(shu)淀粉含量(liang)為(wei)12%-14%。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求:西山農牧場馬鈴薯在生產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)嚴格按(an)照NY/T1049-2006綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin) 薯芋類蔬菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)準的要(yao)求進(jin)行管理。生產(chan)(chan)環境質量達到(dao)NY/T391-2000產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件標(biao)(biao)準;投入品(pin)嚴格執行NY/T393 綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)農藥(yao)使用(yong)準則(ze)、NY/T394-2000 綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)肥料使用(yong)準則(ze)。
五(wu).特定(ding)生(sheng)產方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特殊內容規(gui)定(ding):西山農牧(mu)場馬鈴薯產(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處天山北麓烏魯木齊南郊,屬山區涼冷(leng)氣候,年無霜期(qi)147d,夏季涼爽,光(guang)照充足,加之土壤(rang)砂礫石含(han)量較高,特別適(shi)應種(zhong)植馬鈴薯。該產(chan)品全部(bu)達到(dao)綠色食品標準(zhun)。 (2)品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特定(ding)要求:根據(ju)該地(di)(di)域生態(tai)條件(jian)、長期(qi)試種(zhong)和(he)綠色食品對(dui)品種(zhong)的要求,選(xuan)擇(ze)出優質、高產(chan)、抗病、抗逆(ni)性(xing)強、熟(shu)期(qi)適(shi)宜的優良品種(zhong),其中紫(zi)花白和(he)費(fei)烏瑞它為主栽品種(zhong)。
(3)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程管理(li):西山(shan)農牧場馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)栽培(pei)技術規程種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),脫毒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)運用(yong)達到90%以上,充分發揮脫毒薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)優良(liang)特性與增產(chan)(chan)潛(qian)力。實行“五統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),即(ji):統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)操作規程、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)投入品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類數(shu)量(liang)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)間管理(li)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)質量(liang)。特別在(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪作換(huan)茬、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)、合(he)理(li)密植(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治等各(ge)項田(tian)(tian)管措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)上,按照(zhao)現(xian)代(dai)農業要(yao)求(qiu)進行科(ke)學跟蹤(zong)管理(li)。 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)準(zhun)備:選擇適宜的(de)(de)茬口地,進行秋(qiu)灌(guan)秋(qiu)翻或(huo)秋(qiu)翻冬灌(guan),結(jie)(jie)合(he)翻地將全部有(you)(you)機肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)入土(tu)壤中(zhong)。選用(yong)具(ju)有(you)(you)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性,薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)完整、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)形整齊、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)皮幼嫩的(de)(de)健薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫毒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)進行播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)要(yao)切成(cheng)立塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),重(zhong)量(liang)在(zai)30-50g,每(mei)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)帶(dai)1-2個(ge)芽眼,,多帶(dai)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)肉(rou),避免切成(cheng)薄片、小塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi):當10cm地溫穩定(ding)通過7-10℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)可(ke)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi):采用(yong)馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),深(shen)(shen)度 10-12cm,覆膜馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)深(shen)(shen)10cm。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度:早熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):行距(ju)(ju)60cm或(huo)25-30+55-60cm寬(kuan)窄(zhai)行,畝(mu)保苗數(shu)5000-6000株(zhu);中(zhong)晚熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)20-25cm,行距(ju)(ju)70cm,畝(mu)保苗數(shu)3500-4000株(zhu)。 中(zhong)耕培(pei)土(tu):出苗至蕾(lei)花期(qi)(qi)中(zhong)耕1-2次,中(zhong)耕深(shen)(shen)度6-12cm。初(chu)花期(qi)(qi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)進行培(pei)土(tu),要(yao)求(qiu)達到壟高(gao)25-30cm、壟寬(kuan)25-30cm。培(pei)土(tu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以機械(xie)培(pei)土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,人(ren)工培(pei)土(tu)為(wei)(wei)輔。 合(he)理(li)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei):基(ji)肥(fei):結(jie)(jie)合(he)播(bo)(bo)(bo)前(qian)整地,每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)入腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)農家肥(fei)2000kg、油渣30kg。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei):播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)畝(mu)溝施(shi)(shi)磷(lin)酸二銨20kg、硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)5-10 kg、商(shang)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)20kg作種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)。追(zhui)肥(fei):現(xian)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)或(huo)初(chu)花期(qi)(qi)視苗情長勢(shi),結(jie)(jie)合(he)中(zhong)耕培(pei)土(tu),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)尿素10-15kg、硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)5-10kg、商(shang)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)20-30kg。開花以后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不再施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),若(ruo)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)出現(xian)脫肥(fei)早衰現(xian)象,可(ke)結(jie)(jie)合(he)防(fang)病(bing)葉面噴施(shi)(shi)磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)和微量(liang)元(yuan)素。 合(he)理(li)灌(guan)溉:一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)全生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)需灌(guan)水8-10次,初(chu)花期(qi)(qi)追(zhui)肥(fei)培(pei)土(tu)后(hou)立即(ji)澆(jiao)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)莖膨大(da)水,之(zhi)后(hou)每(mei)隔7-10d澆(jiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)水,塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)莖采挖前(qian)10-20d停水。灌(guan)溉水應符合(he)NY/T391的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。 病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治:防(fang)治環(huan)腐(fu)(fu)病(bing)方(fang)法,選用(yong)脫毒無病(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu);兩把刀切種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),若(ruo)切刀被(環(huan)腐(fu)(fu)病(bing))污(wu)染,則必須消(xiao)毒,可(ke)用(yong)0.1%的(de)(de)高(gao)錳(meng)酸鉀(jia)(jia)溶液浸泡5-10分鐘,防(fang)止(zhi)刀切傳(chuan)病(bing)。對個(ge)別有(you)(you)金針蟲(chong)(chong)、地老虎(hu)為(wei)(wei)害的(de)(de)地塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),可(ke)采用(yong)深(shen)(shen)翻地,殺(sha)死越冬成(cheng)、幼蟲(chong)(chong);每(mei)666.7㎡用(yong)50%的(de)(de)辛硫磷(lin)乳油100-150ml和3kg細沙或(huo)細土(tu)拌成(cheng)毒土(tu),播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)入土(tu)壤中(zhong)。
(4)生產記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)要求:設立專門的記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)員(yuan)負責(ze)農(nong)(nong)時(shi)(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu);農(nong)(nong)藥和(he)肥料(liao)使用記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)檔案應完整、真實,并(bing)按作(zuo)物分別記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)使用的農(nong)(nong)藥和(he)肥料(liao)名稱,包括通用名和(he)商品名、登記(ji)證號、劑型、防治(zhi)對象、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施用量、次(ci)數(shu)、安全間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期;及時(shi)(shi)做好各類農(nong)(nong)時(shi)(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)、產量記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)產品銷售記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu);記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)妥善(shan)保存兩年,以利可(ke)追溯性檢查。
(5)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)要求:根據市(shi)場(chang)行(xing)情陸續收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)上市(shi),收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)可(ke)采(cai)用人工挖(wa)或用機械犁,大批(pi)量收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)應在生理成(cheng)熟后(hou),在收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)前2-3d,把(ba)薯秧全部割掉并運(yun)出田外,然后(hou)用機械犁,人工撿(jian)的方法收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo),為了收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)充分干凈,重復犁1-2次。收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后(hou),塊莖避(bi)免(mian)暴(bao)曬、雨淋和長時間暴(bao)露在陽(yang)光下而變綠。
六.包裝標(biao)識相(xiang)關規定(ding)
(1)分(fen)級(ji):分(fen)為(wei)一級(ji)、二級(ji)2個(ge)等級(ji)。
(2)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang):西山農(nong)牧場馬鈴薯包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)為10㎏紙箱(xiang)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)40㎏袋裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料符合(he)國家食品包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)衛生要求,并應符合(he)環境(jing)保(bao)護的要求。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料堅固、清潔、干燥(zao)、無任(ren)何昆蟲傳播(bo)、真菌(jun)污染及不良(liang)氣(qi)味。
(3)標(biao)識:標(biao)志(zhi)使用人(ren)應在其產品或其包(bao)裝(zhuang)上統(tong)一使用農產品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(“西山(shan)農牧場(chang)馬鈴薯”名稱和公共(gong)標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型式及橢圓形(xing)“碧泉(quan)”牌(pai)綠(lv)色商(shang)標(biao)等圖案的即時(shi)貼)。
(4)運(yun)(yun)輸:運(yun)(yun)輸中應防止日曬、雨淋(lin),運(yun)(yun)輸工(gong)具必須(xu)經過清潔消毒(du),不應與農藥、化(hua)(hua)肥及(ji)其他化(hua)(hua)學制品等(deng)一起運(yun)(yun)輸,嚴禁與有毒(du)、有異(yi)味的物品混(hun)裝混(hun)運(yun)(yun)。應符合NY/T1056的要求(qiu)。
(5)貯(zhu)藏(zang):選擇重(zhong)量在(zai)100g以上(shang),無(wu)機(ji)械損傷(shang),無(wu)蟲眼、 病、爛的(de)(de)塊莖在(zai)地窖(jiao)中貯(zhu)藏(zang),貯(zhu)藏(zang)溫(wen)度(du)1-3℃、濕度(du)85-90%。貯(zhu)藏(zang)前期采(cai)用(yong)晚上(shang)通風,白天閉(bi)窖(jiao)的(de)(de)措施,降低窖(jiao)溫(wen);后期外界(jie)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)(gao)于窖(jiao)溫(wen)時(shi),目測(ce)薯皮出現濕熱現象時(shi)或窖(jiao)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)于4℃時(shi),及時(shi)通風排濕散熱。