一.產品介紹
新疆(jiang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)建設兵(bing)團十(shi)二師西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)位于(yu)烏(wu)魯木(mu)(mu)齊市(shi)南郊25公里處,地(di)處天山(shan)(shan)(shan)北麓、烏(wu)魯木(mu)(mu)齊河(he)上游(you)洪積扇斜(xie)坡(po)平原。1959年(nian)(nian)建場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)初期(qi),西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主要以種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)糧食作物(wu)為(wei)(wei)主,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)只滿(man)(man)足(zu)本場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)職工自己的需要。1980年(nian)(nian)改革開放以后,隨著(zhu)城鎮人口的不(bu)斷增加和(he)生(sheng)活水平的提(ti)高,烏(wu)魯木(mu)(mu)齊政府為(wei)(wei)滿(man)(man)足(zu)城鎮市(shi)民的吃(chi)菜(cai)需求(qiu),決定在烏(wu)魯木(mu)(mu)齊市(shi)郊發展(zhan)三大(da)(da)(da)副食品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di),西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)被確(que)定為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)之(zhi)一。由于(yu)地(di)處天山(shan)(shan)(shan)北麓烏(wu)魯木(mu)(mu)齊南郊,屬山(shan)(shan)(shan)區冷涼(liang)氣(qi)候,年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)147天,夏季涼(liang)爽,光照充足(zu),加之(zhi)土(tu)壤砂礫石(shi)含量(liang)較高,特別適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),因(yin)此,西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)又被確(que)定為(wei)(wei)自治區馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di),大(da)(da)(da)力(li)發展(zhan)菜(cai)用馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。為(wei)(wei)解(jie)決病(bing)害問題,西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)依托石(shi)河(he)子大(da)(da)(da)學的科研力(li)量(liang),大(da)(da)(da)力(li)發展(zhan)脫(tuo)(tuo)毒(du)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)技術,確(que)保(bao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上全部使用脫(tuo)(tuo)毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。30年(nian)(nian)來(lai),農(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)依靠獨特的自然氣(qi)候和(he)科技領先等優(you)勢,全力(li)發展(zhan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye),現種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積1500 hm2,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)6萬t左右。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)品從薯(shu)(shu)(shu)形到色澤和(he)口感(gan),已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)(zhong)特色菜(cai)用馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),為(wei)(wei)廣大(da)(da)(da)市(shi)民所接受(shou)和(he)熟知,多年(nian)(nian)來(lai)已(yi)為(wei)(wei)新疆(jiang)各地(di)提(ti)供優(you)質馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)90萬t。為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)競爭力(li),該場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)注冊了(le)“碧泉”牌馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)商(shang)標,并(bing)已(yi)通過國(guo)(guo)家商(shang)標認證;“碧泉”牌馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)已(yi)獲國(guo)(guo)家A級(ji)綠(lv)色認證。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:西(xi)山農牧場馬鈴(ling)薯生(sheng)(sheng)產地(di)域地(di)勢較平(ping)坦,周圍(wei)無工業“三廢”污染(ran),地(di)凈田潔。產區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)處低山丘陵和(he)洪積(ji)(ji)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)扇平(ping)原上,海拔955-1460m,南北(bei)高差(cha)423m,坡降1.91%,幅度在1.71%-2%之(zhi)間,地(di)勢是南高北(bei)低,由西(xi)南向(xiang)東逐(zhu)漸傾斜。南部地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)勢開闊(kuo)平(ping)坦,東西(xi)方向(xiang)呈波浪狀起伏,形(xing)成槽梁相間分布。北(bei)部地(di)形(xing)比較復雜,有高差(cha)幾十(shi)米的(de)洪溝(gou),形(xing)成丘陵與(yu)平(ping)原地(di)帶并(bing)沿槽子地(di)蜿蜒(yan)向(xiang)北(bei),南北(bei)長25km,東西(xi)寬1.9-5.53km。該區(qu)(qu)(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)分棕(zong)鈣土(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)、沼澤土(tu)和(he)鹽土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)棕(zong)鈣土(tu)占92.6%,砂(sha)礫(li)石含量較高,全氮含量中(zhong)等,全磷(lin)含量少(shao),鉀素含量豐富,適宜馬鈴(ling)薯生(sheng)(sheng)長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):西山農牧場(chang)馬鈴薯產區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主要來自烏魯木(mu)齊(qi)河(he)(he),年引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流量(liang)5453.7萬(wan)m3-7151.7萬(wan)m3。用于灌溉的除從青年渠得(de)到(dao)分配的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)外,還由太平渠首從烏魯木(mu)齊(qi)河(he)(he)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)主要是烏魯木(mu)齊(qi)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)床滲(shen)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其次是灌溉滲(shen)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補給。由于受地質(zhi)構造的影響,地區之間很不平衡,地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋藏(zang)較深(shen),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)豐富、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)較好的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位在產區東部,一般在250-300m。現已打井30口(kou)。各種水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工程設(she)施基本配套(tao),主要輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠道防滲(shen)化(hua)程度(du)達到(dao)90%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。土(tu)壤凍(dong)層厚(hou)度(du)160㎝左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),凍(dong)土(tu)期長(chang)達6個月(yue)之久(jiu)。
(3)氣候(hou)(hou)情況:該區屬中溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)半干(gan)旱氣候(hou)(hou),寒暑變(bian)化劇(ju)烈,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),冬(dong)暖(nuan)夏涼,光照充(chong)足,熱量(liang)少,蒸(zheng)發大(da),降水(shui)少,春季升溫(wen)(wen)慢,秋季降溫(wen)(wen)快(kuai),又因(yin)地處(chu)達(da)坂城(cheng)風(feng)口下(xia)沿25km風(feng)區,冬(dong)季風(feng)大(da)不積雪,春季風(feng)多,跑商(shang)快(kuai)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)177.4㎜,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2221㎜,作物(wu)生育期平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)138.2㎜,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)相對(dui)濕度為62%,是最適(shi)宜馬鈴薯生長的(de)氣候(hou)(hou)條件。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照時數2762.7h,≥10℃年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)2693℃,無霜期147d,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際變(bian)幅在130-176d之間,能滿足農(nong)作物(wu)生長需要。 該區氣候(hou)(hou)雖然(ran)適(shi)合于一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟(shu)的(de)作物(wu)生長,但自然(ran)災害(hai)多而(er)頻(pin)繁,主(zhu)要自然(ran)災害(hai)有干(gan)旱、風(feng)災、洪災、和霜凍,對(dui)農(nong)業(ye)生產造成嚴重損失。
三.地域范圍
西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)(nong)牧場(chang)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)產(chan)區位于(yu)新(xin)疆省烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)市沙區,地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)天山(shan)(shan)北麓、烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)河(he)上游(you)的洪積扇斜坡平(ping)原,東(dong)經87°20′37〞-87°27′13″,北緯43°31′30″-43°47′30″。東(dong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)青年(nian)(nian)渠老河(he)道(dao)為(wei)(wei)界,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)鋼公路為(wei)(wei)界和(he)烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)縣薩(sa)爾達板鄉接壤,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)老沙渠為(wei)(wei)界與(yu)烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)縣永豐鄉為(wei)(wei)鄰,北靠牛毛湖煤礦,南(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)河(he)為(wei)(wei)界與(yu)板房溝鄉隔(ge)河(he)相望。南(nan)(nan)北長25km,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬1.9-8km。有216國道(dao)、101省道(dao)貫(guan)通(tong),交通(tong)方便距烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)25km。產(chan)區海拔955-1460m,深居歐(ou)亞大陸腹地(di)(di)(di),屬山(shan)(shan)區涼冷氣候。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)(nong)牧場(chang)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)地(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)(nong)牧場(chang)十一個(ge)(ge)連隊和(he)一○四團五(wu)個(ge)(ge)連隊。土豆種植面積1500公頃,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)土豆6萬(wan)噸左右
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
本部分(fen)內容主(zhu)要表述反映登記產品(pin)特有的(de)品(pin)質特性特征和產品(pin)質量安全(quan)方面遵循的(de)規定,主(zhu)要包(bao)括:
(1)外在感官(guan)特征:薯(shu)形橢(tuo)圓形,表皮(pi)光滑(hua),白皮(pi)白肉,芽眼淺(qian),塊形整齊、均勻,大中(zhong)薯(shu)率高(gao)(gao),產量(liang)高(gao)(gao),品質好。
(2)內在品質指標:該區馬鈴薯淀粉含(han)量為(wei)12%-14%。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):西山農(nong)牧場(chang)馬鈴薯在生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中嚴(yan)格(ge)按照NY/T1049-2006綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 薯芋(yu)類蔬(shu)菜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)標準(zhun)(zhun)的要(yao)求(qiu)進行管理。生(sheng)產(chan)環境(jing)質量(liang)達到NY/T391-2000產(chan)地環境(jing)條件標準(zhun)(zhun);投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行NY/T393 綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則、NY/T394-2000 綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)肥料使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則。
五(wu).特定生產方式(shi)
(1)產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規(gui)定(ding):西山(shan)農牧場(chang)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)產(chan)地(di)地(di)處天山(shan)北麓烏魯木齊南郊(jiao),屬山(shan)區涼冷氣候(hou),年無霜期147d,夏季涼爽,光(guang)照充足,加之(zhi)土壤(rang)砂礫石含量較高(gao),特(te)別適(shi)應種植馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)全部(bu)達到綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)標準。 (2)品(pin)種選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定(ding)要求:根(gen)據該(gai)地(di)域生態條件、長(chang)期試種和綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)對品(pin)種的要求,選(xuan)擇(ze)出優質、高(gao)產(chan)、抗病、抗逆性強、熟期適(shi)宜的優良品(pin)種,其(qi)中(zhong)紫花白和費烏瑞它為主栽品(pin)種。
(3)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li):西山農牧場馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)嚴格(ge)按照栽培(pei)(pei)技術規程(cheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植,脫(tuo)毒(du)(du)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)運(yun)用達到(dao)90%以(yi)上,充分(fen)發揮脫(tuo)毒(du)(du)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)優(you)良特性(xing)與增產(chan)潛力。實行(xing)(xing)(xing)“五統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”生(sheng)產(chan),即(ji):統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)操作規程(cheng)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)投入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)類數(shu)量、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)田(tian)間管(guan)理(li)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)標準質量。特別在品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、輪作換茬、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、合(he)理(li)密植、病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)治等各(ge)項(xiang)田(tian)管(guan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上,按照現(xian)代農業要求(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學跟蹤(zong)管(guan)理(li)。 種(zhong)(zhong)植前(qian)準備:選擇適(shi)宜的(de)(de)茬口地,進行(xing)(xing)(xing)秋灌(guan)(guan)秋翻(fan)(fan)或秋翻(fan)(fan)冬(dong)灌(guan)(guan),結(jie)(jie)合(he)翻(fan)(fan)地將全部有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)。選用具有(you)本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing),薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)(kuai)完整、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形整齊、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皮幼嫩的(de)(de)健薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)毒(du)(du)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)(kuai)要切(qie)成立(li)塊(kuai)(kuai),重量在30-50g,每塊(kuai)(kuai)帶1-2個芽(ya)眼,,多帶薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)肉,避免(mian)切(qie)成薄片、小(xiao)塊(kuai)(kuai)。 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)期(qi):當10cm地溫穩定通過7-10℃時(shi),即(ji)可(ke)(ke)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式:采用馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),深度(du) 10-12cm,覆膜馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)播(bo)(bo)深10cm。 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)密度(du):早(zao)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong):行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)60cm或25-30+55-60cm寬窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing),畝(mu)保苗(miao)(miao)數(shu)5000-6000株(zhu);中(zhong)晚(wan)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong):株(zhu)距(ju)20-25cm,行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)70cm,畝(mu)保苗(miao)(miao)數(shu)3500-4000株(zhu)。 中(zhong)耕培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu):出苗(miao)(miao)至蕾花(hua)期(qi)中(zhong)耕1-2次,中(zhong)耕深度(du)6-12cm。初(chu)花(hua)期(qi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),要求(qiu)達到(dao)壟高25-30cm、壟寬25-30cm。培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)以(yi)機(ji)械培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為主,人工培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為輔(fu)。 合(he)理(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):結(jie)(jie)合(he)播(bo)(bo)前(qian)整地,每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)腐(fu)熟(shu)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2000kg、油(you)渣30kg。種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)每畝(mu)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷酸(suan)二(er)銨20kg、硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀5-10 kg、商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg作種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):現(xian)蕾期(qi)或初(chu)花(hua)期(qi)視苗(miao)(miao)情長勢(shi),結(jie)(jie)合(he)中(zhong)耕培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素10-15kg、硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀5-10kg、商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20-30kg。開花(hua)以(yi)后一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)再施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),若后期(qi)出現(xian)脫(tuo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)早(zao)衰現(xian)象,可(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)合(he)防(fang)病(bing)(bing)葉面噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷酸(suan)二(er)氫鉀和微量元素。 合(he)理(li)灌(guan)(guan)溉:一(yi)(yi)般全生(sheng)育期(qi)需灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)8-10次,初(chu)花(hua)期(qi)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)后立(li)即(ji)澆塊(kuai)(kuai)莖膨(peng)大水(shui),之(zhi)后每隔7-10d澆一(yi)(yi)水(shui),塊(kuai)(kuai)莖采挖前(qian)10-20d停水(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)應符(fu)合(he)NY/T391的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。 病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)治:防(fang)治環(huan)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)方(fang)法,選用脫(tuo)毒(du)(du)無(wu)病(bing)(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);兩把刀切(qie)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),若切(qie)刀被(環(huan)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing))污染,則(ze)必須消毒(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)用0.1%的(de)(de)高錳酸(suan)鉀溶液浸泡(pao)5-10分(fen)鐘,防(fang)止刀切(qie)傳病(bing)(bing)。對(dui)個別有(you)金針蟲、地老(lao)虎為害(hai)的(de)(de)地塊(kuai)(kuai),可(ke)(ke)采用深翻(fan)(fan)地,殺(sha)死越(yue)冬(dong)成、幼蟲;每666.7㎡用50%的(de)(de)辛硫(liu)磷乳油(you)100-150ml和3kg細(xi)沙或細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)拌(ban)成毒(du)(du)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)。
(4)生產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求:設立(li)專門的(de)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)員負(fu)責農時(shi)操作(zuo)(zuo)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu);農藥(yao)和(he)肥料使(shi)用記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔(dang)案應完整、真實,并按作(zuo)(zuo)物分別記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)使(shi)用的(de)農藥(yao)和(he)肥料名(ming)稱,包(bao)括通(tong)用名(ming)和(he)商品名(ming)、登(deng)記(ji)證號、劑型、防(fang)治對象(xiang)、時(shi)間(jian)、施用量(liang)、次數(shu)、安全間(jian)隔期;及時(shi)做好各類農時(shi)操作(zuo)(zuo)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、產(chan)量(liang)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)和(he)產(chan)品銷售記(ji)錄(lu)(lu);記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)妥善保(bao)存(cun)兩年,以利可(ke)追溯性檢查。
(5)采收要求:根(gen)據市場行情陸(lu)續收獲(huo)上市,收獲(huo)可采用人(ren)(ren)工挖或用機械(xie)犁(li),大批量收獲(huo)應在(zai)生(sheng)理成熟后,在(zai)收獲(huo)前(qian)2-3d,把薯秧全部割掉并運出田外,然(ran)后用機械(xie)犁(li),人(ren)(ren)工撿的方法收獲(huo),為(wei)了收獲(huo)充分干(gan)凈,重復(fu)犁(li)1-2次。收獲(huo)后,塊(kuai)莖避(bi)免(mian)暴曬(shai)、雨(yu)淋和長時間暴露在(zai)陽(yang)光(guang)下而變綠。
六.包(bao)裝標(biao)識相關規定
(1)分級(ji):分為(wei)一(yi)級(ji)、二級(ji)2個等級(ji)。
(2)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang):西山農牧場馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)為10㎏紙箱(xiang)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和40㎏袋裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材料符(fu)合國家食品包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)衛生要求(qiu),并應符(fu)合環境保(bao)護的要求(qiu)。包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材料堅(jian)固、清(qing)潔、干燥、無(wu)任何昆蟲(chong)傳播、真菌污染及不良氣味。
(3)標(biao)識(shi):標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人應在其產(chan)品或其包裝(zhuang)上統一使(shi)(shi)用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(“西山農(nong)(nong)牧場馬(ma)鈴薯”名(ming)稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)識(shi)圖案(an)組合標(biao)注型(xing)式(shi)及橢圓形“碧泉”牌綠色商標(biao)等圖案(an)的(de)即時貼)。
(4)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)中應防止日曬、雨淋,運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工具必須(xu)經過清潔消毒(du),不應與(yu)農(nong)藥、化肥及其他化學(xue)制品(pin)等一起運(yun)輸(shu)(shu),嚴禁與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)異味的物品(pin)混(hun)裝混(hun)運(yun)。應符合NY/T1056的要求。
(5)貯(zhu)藏(zang):選(xuan)擇重量在100g以上,無機械損傷,無蟲眼、 病、爛的塊莖在地窖(jiao)中貯(zhu)藏(zang),貯(zhu)藏(zang)溫(wen)度1-3℃、濕度85-90%。貯(zhu)藏(zang)前期采(cai)用晚上通(tong)風(feng),白(bai)天(tian)閉窖(jiao)的措施(shi),降低窖(jiao)溫(wen);后(hou)期外界溫(wen)度高于(yu)窖(jiao)溫(wen)時(shi)(shi),目測薯皮出現(xian)濕熱現(xian)象時(shi)(shi)或窖(jiao)溫(wen)高于(yu)4℃時(shi)(shi),及時(shi)(shi)通(tong)風(feng)排濕散熱。