產地及環境
海拔一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)2500~3200米,山峰在(zai)3000米以上。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)高寒,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)5.5℃,最(zui)低(1月(yue)(yue))氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)-7.1℃,最(zui)高(7月(yue)(yue))氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)15.9℃,無霜期為(wei)(wei)90~120天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量為(wei)(wei)635毫米,7~9月(yue)(yue)份為(wei)(wei)雨季,占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量的(de)65%以上,蒸發量為(wei)(wei)1246毫米,相對濕度,夏、秋季為(wei)(wei)73~74%,冬、春季為(wei)(wei)65~68%。洮(tao)河干流(liu)在(zai)岷縣境內自西(xi)向東、向北流(liu)過。南(nan)有達拉嶺,北有木寒嶺和岷山三個草(cao)山草(cao)坡地帶,植被覆(fu)蓋度好(hao),是放牧的(de)好(hao)草(cao)場。牧草(cao)以禾本科為(wei)(wei)主,還有柳絲灌木及部(bu)分森林草(cao)場。農作物有春小麥、蠶豆、青(qing)稞、燕麥和馬鈴薯等。經濟(ji)作物主產(chan)油料和當歸(gui)。
地理分布
岷(min)縣黑裘皮羊主要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)岷(min)縣境內洮(tao)河兩岸、宕昌(chang)縣、臨潭縣、臨洮(tao)縣及(ji)渭源縣部分(fen)地區。
品種特征
岷縣黑裘皮羊體質(zhi)細致,結構緊湊(cou)。頭清秀,鼻(bi)梁(liang)隆起,公羊有角,向(xiang)后向(xiang)外呈螺(luo)旋狀彎曲,母羊多數無(wu)角,少數有小角。頸長適中。背平直。尾(wei)小呈錐(zhui)形。體軀、四肢、頭、尾(wei)和蹄全(quan)呈黑色。
品種性能
岷縣(xian)黑裘皮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)成年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)平(ping)均(jun)體高、體長(chang)、胸圍(wei)和體重(zhong)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei):56.2±0.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),58.7±0.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),76.1±0.9厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),31.1±0.8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),成年(nian)(nian)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei):54.3±0.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),55.7±0.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),77.9±1.0厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),27.5±0.3公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。岷縣(xian)黑裘皮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)主要以生(sheng)產黑色二(er)(er)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)皮聞(wen)名(ming)。此外,還產二(er)(er)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)皮。羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)初生(sheng)后毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)被長(chang)2厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),呈(cheng)環(huan)狀或半(ban)環(huan)狀彎(wan)曲(qu),生(sheng)長(chang)到(dao)兩個(ge)(ge)月(yue)左(zuo)右(you),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)自(zi)然長(chang)度(du)不短于(yu)7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),這(zhe)時所宰剝(bo)的(de)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)皮稱二(er)(er)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)皮。典(dian)型(xing)二(er)(er)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)皮的(de)特(te)點(dian)是:毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)長(chang)不短于(yu)7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)股(gu)明(ming)(ming)顯呈(cheng)花(hua)穗,尖端為(wei)(wei)環(huan)形(xing)或半(ban)環(huan)形(xing),有(you)3~5個(ge)(ge)彎(wan)曲(qu)。好的(de)二(er)(er)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)皮的(de)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)纖維從根(gen)到(dao)尖全黑,光(guang)澤悅目,皮板(ban)(ban)較(jiao)(jiao)薄。皮板(ban)(ban)面(mian)積平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)1350平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。二(er)(er)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)皮是當年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang),剪(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)一次春(chun)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),到(dao)第(di)二(er)(er)次剪(jian)(jian)(jian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)期(當年(nian)(nian)秋季)宰殺(sha)后所剝(bo)取的(de)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)皮。其(qi)特(te)點(dian)是:毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)股(gu)明(ming)(ming)顯,從尖到(dao)根(gen)有(you)3~4個(ge)(ge)彎(wan)曲(qu),光(guang)澤好,皮板(ban)(ban)面(mian)積大,保暖(nuan)、耐穿。其(qi)缺點(dian)是:絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)較(jiao)(jiao)多,毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)股(gu)間(jian)易粘(zhan)結,皮板(ban)(ban)較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)。岷縣(xian)黑裘皮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每年(nian)(nian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)兩次,4月(yue)中(zhong)旬剪(jian)(jian)(jian)春(chun)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),9月(yue)份剪(jian)(jian)(jian)秋毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)量為(wei)(wei)0.75公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)用于(yu)制(zhi)氈。
養殖管理
岷(min)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)黑(hei)裘皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)性較強,黑(hei)裘皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖管理方式可以實(shi)行(xing)(xing)半放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)半舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)模式喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang),農戶需要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好如下(xia)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)管理:調整羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun),實(shi)行(xing)(xing)冬春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)節舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si),必須在入(ru)冬前對(dui)(dui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整,除(chu)盡量出(chu)售完肉羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)外,要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決淘汰不孕母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)及弱、病、殘(can)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)及老羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。根據自己的(de)(de)(de)具體條件,如飼(si)(si)(si)草(cao)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)備(bei)(bei)量、暖(nuan)棚和圜舍(she)面積(ji)等確定飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)規(gui)模。貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)備(bei)(bei)足夠(gou)草(cao)料(liao),飼(si)(si)(si)草(cao)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)備(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)冬春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎,養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖戶應(ying)把(ba)(ba)飼(si)(si)(si)草(cao)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)放(fang)到(dao)首要(yao)(yao)(yao)位(wei)置。生(sheng)產中一般采(cai)取以下(xia)措施(shi)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)備(bei)(bei)飼(si)(si)(si)草(cao)料(liao)。曬制青(qing)干(gan)草(cao)。青(qing)干(gan)草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)價值高于農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)秸稈(gan),有(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場夏季(ji)(ji)應(ying)采(cai)集野草(cao)及灌(guan)木枝(zhi)葉(xie)曬制成青(qing)干(gan)草(cao)。收(shou)集農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)秸稈(gan)。玉(yu)米秸、稻草(cao)、麥秸、花生(sheng)秧、甘薯藤、豆稈(gan)豆莢等,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)粗飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao),可加工(gong)處理后(hou)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)備(bei)(bei)飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)。還有(you)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)種植優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)。在有(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)地區可種植優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高產牧(mu)(mu)草(cao),hn-mc紫花苜蓿(xu)畝產在1萬千克左右,刈(yi)割(ge)青(qing)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)或曬干(gan),因其蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等營養(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量豐富,還有(you)hn-mc黑(hei)麥草(cao)等,粗纖維(wei)(wei)含(han)量比較高,這些都是(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)岷(min)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)黑(hei)裘皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de),對(dui)(dui)冬春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)補飼(si)(si)(si)能起(qi)到(dao)一定的(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)調控作(zuo)用。在防管理方面,要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好岷(min)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)黑(hei)裘皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)驅蟲防疫、分群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理 在入(ru)冬前要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)驅蟲和防疫,并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、懷孕母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、后(hou)備(bei)(bei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)分群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)與管理。岷(min)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)黑(hei)裘皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)搭(da)(da)建(jian)暖(nuan)棚和維(wei)(wei)修圈舍(she),在入(ru)冬前要(yao)(yao)(yao)搭(da)(da)建(jian)和維(wei)(wei)修舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)暖(nuan)棚和圈舍(she),并(bing)(bing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)徹(che)底(di)清掃后(hou)消(xiao)毒(du);對(dui)(dui)運動場也要(yao)(yao)(yao)整理消(xiao)毒(du),在出(chu)入(ru)門口設置消(xiao)毒(du)池。岷(min)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)黑(hei)裘皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖需要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)持適(shi)(shi)度的(de)(de)(de)運動 養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)戶在冬春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)后(hou),還需使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)保(bao)持適(shi)(shi)度的(de)(de)(de)運動,可增強羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一般是(shi)(shi)(shi)在無(wu)雨(yu)雪天(tian),每天(tian)把(ba)(ba)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)趕到(dao)可放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)地后(hou)適(shi)(shi)當放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)3-5小時,讓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)能采(cai)食(shi)到(dao)一定量的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)綠(lv)灌(guan)木枝(zhi)葉(xie)和野生(sheng)雜草(cao),又增強了羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可減輕羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)春(chun)(chun)乏(fa)。