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一.產品介紹

黔北(bei)黑豬(zhu)分布于貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省的(de)(de)北(bei)部(bu)和(he)東北(bei)部(bu)，主(zhu)(zhu)產于遵義、綏陽、湄潭、桐梓、正(zheng)安、務川(chuan)、鳳崗、余(yu)慶、道真、習(xi)水、匯川(chuan)、紅花崗等(deng)縣區(qu)。產區(qu)居民以(yi)漢(han)族為主(zhu)(zhu)，由于生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活的(de)(de)需要，群眾除養(yang)豬(zhu)積肥外，還有殺年(nian)豬(zhu)-煉油(you)和(he)腌制臘肉的(de)(de)習(xi)慣，所以(yi)多(duo)選擇“油(you)多(duo)易(yi)肥”的(de)(de)豬(zhu)作種用，對外形的(de)(de)要求是(shi)“頭(tou)大(da)、嘴長、岔口深，腳高、體長架(jia)子(zi)蹬，大(da)耳下掛(gua)粗尾根(gen)，倒八(ba)卦(gua)頭(tou)日增(zeng)斤(jin)。境內(nei)以(yi)大(da)婁(lou)山(shan)(shan)脈為主(zhu)(zhu)體，是(shi)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)高原向四川(chuan)盆地(di)傾斜和(he)向西湘丘(qiu)陵過渡的(de)(de)地(di)帶，赤水河，芙蓉江(jiang)、烏(wu)江(jiang)流經(jing)其間。產區(qu)春暖較(jiao)(jiao)早，秋(qiu)寒較(jiao)(jiao)晚，夏(xia)溫(wen)較(jiao)(jiao)高，土壤肥沃，雨量(liang)充沛，農(nong)業較(jiao)(jiao)發達(da)，以(yi)水稻、小(xiao)麥、玉(yu)米、油(you)菜為王(wang)，并盛產蕃薯、馬鈴薯、豆(dou)類、花生(sheng)以(yi)及烤煙、茶葉等(deng)經(jing)濟作物(wu)。由于山(shan)(shan)場廣闊，野(ye)生(sheng)飼料和(he)農(nong)副(fu)產品豐富，為養(yang)豬(zhu)提供了物(wu)質條(tiao)件。

二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素

1、土壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao) 黔(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主產(chan)地(di)(di)遵(zun)義地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)以中山(shan)峽(xia)谷為主，低山(shan)丘陵(ling)(ling)次之，山(shan)巒起(qi)伏(fu)，形成(cheng)了(le)高山(shan)、溝(gou)谷、丘陵(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)盆地(di)(di)相間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)(za)地(di)(di)形。屬低緯度高海拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)地(di)(di)農業(ye)區(qu)。耕(geng)地(di)(di)總(zong)面積(ji)30762平方公里，占(zhan)貴(gui)州省(sheng)耕(geng)地(di)(di)總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17.46％，其(qi)中，山(shan)地(di)(di)占(zhan)61.9％，丘陵(ling)(ling)占(zhan)30.7％，盆地(di)(di)及河谷壩子僅占(zhan)7.4％。耕(geng)地(di)(di)總(zong)面積(ji)588.1萬畝(mu)(mu)，人均耕(geng)地(di)(di)0.82畝(mu)(mu)。該地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構復(fu)雜(za)(za)，土壤(rang)類型多(duo)樣(yang)，以黃(huang)壤(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、石(shi)灰土和(he)(he)水稻土為主，土質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃。 產(chan)區(qu)居民(min)以漢族(zu)(zu)為主，亦有(you)仡佬(lao)族(zu)(zu)、土家族(zu)(zu)、苗族(zu)(zu)等少數民(min)族(zu)(zu)，由于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活需(xu)要(yao)，群(qun)眾除養豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)積(ji)肥外(wai)(wai)，還有(you)殺年豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、煉油(you)和(he)(he)腌制臘肉(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)，所以多(duo)選擇“油(you)多(duo)易肥”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作種用。產(chan)區(qu)群(qun)眾選擇種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)積(ji)累了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，對外(wai)(wai)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求是“頭大、嘴長、岔口(kou)深，腳高、體長架子蹬，大耳下掛粗尾根(gen)，倒八卦(gua)頭日增斤”。 產(chan)區(qu)農業(ye)較發(fa)達，是貴(gui)州省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)糧(liang)食產(chan)區(qu)，主產(chan)稻谷、玉米、小麥、油(you)菜，也盛產(chan)紅薯、馬鈴(ling)薯、豆類、花生(sheng)(sheng)等農作物(wu)和(he)(he)各類蔬(shu)菜，再加上草(cao)場廣闊，野生(sheng)(sheng)牧草(cao)極(ji)為豐富(fu)。農產(chan)品及農副產(chan)品、蔬(shu)菜、野生(sheng)(sheng)牧草(cao)等為黔(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)和(he)(he)發(fa)展奠定了(le)堅實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎。黔(qian)北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)是貴(gui)州省(sheng)經(jing)濟、文化相對發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)，俗稱貴(gui)州省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)倉和(he)(he)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)倉，長期為貴(gui)陽(yang)市和(he)(he)遵(zun)義市場提供了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)及豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)加工(gong)制品，養育(yu)(yu)著該地(di)(di)區(qu)人民(min)，促(cu)進(jin)了(le)黔(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)種群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大。

2、氣候(hou)情況(kuang) 境內氣候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)，熱量(liang)資源較(jiao)(jiao)豐(feng)富，雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)充(chong)沛，四季分明，冬(dong)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒(han)，夏(xia)無(wu)酷(ku)暑，年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)15～17℃，年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)900～1400毫米，相對濕度(du)80%左(zuo)右。最(zui)多年(nian)(nian)份1313毫米，最(zui)少年(nian)(nian)份852.2毫米。無(wu)霜期260～300天左(zuo)右。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)15.6℃，最(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)（元月(yue)(yue)）平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)5℃，極端最(zui)低溫(wen)度(du)零下(xia)5.5℃，最(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)（七月(yue)(yue)）平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)15.6℃，極端最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)37.4℃，年(nian)(nian)日照數1266.7小時。低山河谷地區的雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)熱量(liang)條件(jian)更為(wei)充(chong)裕，如赤(chi)水(shui)河下(xia)段平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)在18℃左(zuo)右，夏(xia)季炎熱，時間(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)長，冬(dong)季溫(wen)和(he)，少見霜雪。東與湖南接壤，北與四川毗連，境內以大婁山脈為(wei)主體，是貴(gui)州高(gao)原向(xiang)四川盆地傾斜和(he)向(xiang)西湘丘陵過渡的地帶，赤(chi)水(shui)河，芙蓉(rong)江、烏江流經(jing)其間(jian)。產區春暖較(jiao)(jiao)早，秋寒(han)較(jiao)(jiao)晚，夏(xia)溫(wen)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，土壤肥沃，雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛，農(nong)業較(jiao)(jiao)發達，是貴(gui)州省的主要(yao)糧食產區。農(nong)作物(wu)一年(nian)(nian)兩熟(shu)，以水(shui)稻、小麥、玉米、油(you)菜為(wei)王，并(bing)盛(sheng)產蕃薯、馬鈴薯、豆(dou)類、花生以及(ji)烤煙(yan)、茶葉等經(jing)濟作物(wu)。由于山場廣闊，野生飼料和(he)農(nong)副產品豐(feng)富，為(wei)養(yang)豬提供了物(wu)質條件(jian)。

三.地域范圍

黔(qian)北黑豬(zhu)主(zhu)要產(chan)區位于貴(gui)州省北部(bu)遵義市的桐(tong)梓(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡(gang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務(wu)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)慶(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正(zheng)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。黔(qian)北黑豬(zhu)的地域保護范圍為(wei)：桐(tong)梓(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡(gang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務(wu)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)慶(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正(zheng)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)：東經105°36′—108°13′，北緯27°08′—29°12。

四(si).產(chan)品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征

1、產(chan)品典型特征特性(xing)描述 黔北黑(hei)豬全身被毛黑(hei)色。頭大(da)小(xiao)適中(zhong)，耳大(da)下垂(chui)，嘴長而(er)(er)直，額(e)部皺紋多(duo)呈(cheng)菱形。頸長短(duan)適中(zhong)，背腰微(wei)凹，較(jiao)長而(er)(er)稍窄，后軀較(jiao)豐滿，斜尻(kao)，尾長超(chao)過(guo)飛節，胸稍窄而(er)(er)較(jiao)深(shen)，腹大(da)下垂(chui)，但(dan)不著地。四肢健壯，后肢多(duo)臥(wo)系。

2、內在品(pin)質(zhi) 成年(nian)(nian)母豬體(ti)重161.88+28公斤(jin)，體(ti)長136.38+15厘(li)米(mi)，成年(nian)(nian)公豬體(ti)重150.83+10公斤(jin)，體(ti)長148.38+7厘(li)米(mi)。 胴體(ti)品(pin)質(zhi)：黔北黑豬屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)(lv)高，胴體(ti)品(pin)質(zhi)較好(hao)。屠(tu)宰(zai)率(lv)(lv)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)70.34％，膘厚平(ping)均(jun)(jun)3.54厘(li)米(mi)，瘦肉(rou)率(lv)(lv)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)41.90％。 蛋白(bai)質(zhi)（g/100g)10.2-11.5，谷氨(an)酸（g/100g)2.9-3.4，精氨(an)酸（g/100g)2.0-2.8，亮氨(an)酸（g/100g)1.4-2.0，丙氨(an)酸（g/100g)1.0-1.8，蘇氨(an)酸（g/100g)1.5-2.1。

3、黔北黑豬養(yang)殖(zhi)嚴格按昭NY5029-2008無公害食(shi)品豬肉的(de)規定(ding)養(yang)殖(zhi)。

五.特定生產方(fang)式

1、產地選擇(ze) 首先應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)牧(mu)(mu)草資源(yuan)豐富的(de)地方或者是利于種植優質牧(mu)(mu)草的(de)草山草坡，背風向陽(yang)(yang)，地勢干(gan)燥，冬(dong)暖夏涼的(de)環(huan)境是黔北黑豬(zhu)最適合(he)的(de)生存環(huan)境，所以豬(zhu)舍圈舍應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)地勢較(jiao)高，排水(shui)良好，通風順暢，向陽(yang)(yang)避風，位于居民區下風向。土質應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)透水(shui)性好的(de)沙(sha)質土壤。水(shui)源(yuan)四季供水(shui)充足，無污染。電力通訊交(jiao)通便利，但考慮到防疫(yi)的(de)需要(yao)，圈舍與主(zhu)要(yao)交(jiao)通干(gan)線的(de)距離應(ying)(ying)不少(shao)于1000米。

2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu) 在黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)的(de)鳳崗縣、道真縣、遵義(yi)縣是黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)保護區(qu)和中心產區(qu)，廣泛開展(zhan)(zhan)本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)、提純(chun)復(fu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)。 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)：采取“集中選(xuan)育(yu)，按群建系，統一種(zhong)(zhong)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供應，分場（戶(hu)）生(sheng)(sheng)產經營”的(de)方法。選(xuan)擇品(pin)系純(chun)正、整齊度(du)(du)高而健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)、免疫可(ke)靠的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進行推廣生(sheng)(sheng)產。 充分利用(yong)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源優(you)勢，建立純(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)基地，廣泛開展(zhan)(zhan)選(xuan)育(yu)選(xuan)配(pei)工作(zuo)(zuo)，指(zhi)導養殖戶(hu)實行黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)異地交(jiao)換、區(qu)域調整，嚴格選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)配(pei)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，對不(bu)留(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)的(de)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)種(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一律要求育(yu)肥(fei)作(zuo)(zuo)商品(pin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)(chu)售，避免近親繁殖產生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)良(liang)性(xing)狀，以此(ci)鞏(gong)固提高黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)優(you)良(liang)特性(xing)和生(sheng)(sheng)產性(xing)能(neng)，培育(yu)出(chu)(chu)符(fu)合本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)標準(zhun)的(de)等級黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 通過(guo)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)登記，增加基因多樣性(xing)，增強(qiang)選(xuan)擇強(qiang)度(du)(du)，實行科(ke)學選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)配(pei)，提高黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整體水平。 黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)產流程(cheng)：選(xuan)定純(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)→用(yong)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)→懷孕(yun)→產出(chu)(chu)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)→乳期斷(duan)奶育(yu)成（10-12個月育(yu)肥(fei)飼養）→100公斤以上出(chu)(chu)欄(lan)。

3、生產(chan)過程管理(li) 本技術規定了黔北(bei)黑(hei)豬飼養(yang)過程的(de)要求。

（1）人員(yuan)管理：種場(chang)的飼養員(yuan)應(ying)定期進(jin)行健(jian)康(kang)檢(jian)查，傳染病(bing)患者不得從事(shi)養殖(zhi)工作；場(chang)內獸醫人員(yuan)不準對(dui)外診療。一般養殖(zhi)場(chang)（戶(hu)）的養殖(zhi)從業(ye)人員(yuan)也應(ying)保(bao)持健(jian)康(kang)。

（2）飼養管理：

①仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)飼養(yang)(yang)管理 仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出生后(hou)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)喂初乳(ru)(ru)，固(gu)定乳(ru)(ru)頭，按照(zhao)大的(de)放在(zai)(zai)中間(jian)，小(xiao)的(de)放在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)邊，固(gu)定2次后(hou)，仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)就不(bu)會亂(luan)爭搶乳(ru)(ru)頭了，這樣仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長(chang)勢均勻。每(mei)頭母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)哺乳(ru)(ru)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)量(liang)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)超過12頭，若產仔(zi)(zi)數(shu)量(liang)較多時，應(ying)采取(qu)寄養(yang)(yang)的(de)辦法，寄養(yang)(yang)時給寄養(yang)(yang)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)身(shen)上抹來(lai)蘇水(shui)或母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尿，干擾寄養(yang)(yang)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)嗅覺，不(bu)讓母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)吃仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，保(bao)證寄養(yang)(yang)成功。 仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出生第7天(tian)(tian)開始誘(you)食，把仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)料撒在(zai)(zai)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)補(bu)料間(jian)內，避(bi)免母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舔(tian)食。仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)盡(jin)早吃開食，這樣有助于提(ti)高(gao)斷(duan)奶(nai)(nai)窩重，縮短(duan)哺乳(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)，使母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)盡(jin)快恢復(fu)體力，提(ti)早發情。黔(qian)北黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)斷(duan)奶(nai)(nai)一(yi)般(ban)比雜交仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日齡(ling)長(chang)，一(yi)般(ban)需要(yao)(yao)(yao) 35—40天(tian)(tian)，體重平均達15斤以上才能斷(duan)奶(nai)(nai)，否則成活(huo)率低。

②育成豬(zhu)的(de)(de)飼養管理 黔北黑(hei)豬(zhu)育肥時間為(wei)10-14個月。飼養時營養要(yao)全面，主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉米(mi)、紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)、紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)藤、南瓜、蘿卜、白菜(cai)、牛(niu)皮菜(cai)等(deng)農作物(wu)或野生草(cao)本植物(wu)為(wei)飼料(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)。育肥時，在80斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下時，精(jing)料(liao)(liao)比(bi)(bi)例占(zhan)(zhan)60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，青飼料(liao)(liao)比(bi)(bi)例占(zhan)(zhan)40%最(zui)佳，因(yin)為(wei)此(ci)時豬(zhu)的(de)(de)體格小，消化(hua)薄弱，抗病力低。80斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)逐漸(jian)加大青飼料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)例，縮小精(jing)料(liao)(liao)比(bi)(bi)例，以(yi)(yi)(yi)節約(yue)飼料(liao)(liao)，用(yong)地(di)方說(shuo)法是(shi)“吊架(jia)子”。180斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)又(you)要(yao)加大精(jing)料(liao)(liao)比(bi)(bi)例，此(ci)時要(yao)催肥，使豬(zhu)出欄(lan)時屠宰率高(gao)，瘦肉(rou)率在40%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。

③種(zhong)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的飼養管(guan)理 母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體軀要(yao)(yao)勻稱，乳頭(tou)6對以上，對稱整齊(qi)。過肥豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)發情，過瘦則受胎率低，產仔(zi)(zi)數少(shao)，仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成活(huo)率低。母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)飼喂到150—200斤才能方可(ke)配種(zhong)。母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每(mei)隔21天(tian)發情一次，配種(zhong)后，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)記錄，懷孕111—114天(tian)（三個(ge)月三個(ge)星期(qi)零三天(tian)）開始產仔(zi)(zi)，此(ci)時，要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)接(jie)生的準備。母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產仔(zi)(zi)時要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)防(fang)寒保(bao)暖(nuan)、防(fang)暑降溫工作，冬(dong)天(tian)保(bao)持(chi)圈舍干(gan)燥，農村散養戶(hu)可(ke)給圈舍鋪層稻(dao)草。

④種公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的飼養(yang)管(guan)理 種公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要壯實，12個月即可用(yong)于配種。1—2歲的種公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每星期采(cai)(cai)精2—5次，2歲以上可隔一天采(cai)(cai)一次。采(cai)(cai)精應在早、晚涼爽(shuang)時(shi)進行(xing)。采(cai)(cai)精后(hou)種公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要加強(qiang)營養(yang)，每次采(cai)(cai)精后(hou)生喂雞蛋1—2個。為了加強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的體力，應做適量(liang)運(yun)動，每天趕著公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)運(yun)動2小時(shi)以上。

（3）常(chang)規(gui)(gui)管理 根據黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)生長階段(duan)，按(an)時(shi)、按(an)量(liang)、按(an)標準飼喂，每(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)打(da)掃圈舍(she)2次，每(mei)(mei)(mei)周對圈舍(she)帶(dai)豬(zhu)(zhu)消毒2-3次。制(zhi)定(ding)免疫(yi)(yi)程序，按(an)期(qi)接種疫(yi)(yi)苗，確(que)保豬(zhu)(zhu)群健(jian)康。 獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)及休藥(yao)期(qi)：保持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)飼養管理，盡量(liang)減少疾病的(de)(de)(de)發生，減少藥(yao)物的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)，嚴(yan)格(ge)執行休藥(yao)期(qi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。采用(yong)(yong)飲水或拌料方式添加獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)符合(he)NY5030-2006要求。所(suo)購(gou)藥(yao)品來自有(you)《獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)生產(chan)(chan)許可證(zheng)》和(he)產(chan)(chan)品批準文號的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)企業，購(gou)買(mai)手續(xu)齊(qi)備存檔備查。為做到合(he)理用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)、正確(que)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)，嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)和(he)剔除高(gao)殘(can)留獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)，杜絕違(wei)禁(jin)藥(yao)品的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，對限(xian)量(liang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)品嚴(yan)禁(jin)超量(liang)和(he)濫(lan)用(yong)(yong)，未作規(gui)(gui)定(ding)限(xian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)也不得濫(lan)用(yong)(yong)。獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)必須嚴(yan)格(ge)執行休藥(yao)期(qi)制(zhi)度，每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)定(ding)期(qi)、不定(ding)期(qi)地對黔(qian)北(bei)育(yu)成(cheng)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)留藥(yao)情況(kuang)進行必要的(de)(de)(de)檢測，治療過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)黔(qian)北(bei)育(yu)成(cheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)應實行隔圈飼養，在(zai)休藥(yao)期(qi)過(guo)后(hou)方可出欄。 驅蟲(chong)：一般每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)春秋兩次藥(yao)物驅蟲(chong)。丙硫(liu)咪(mi)唑、阿維菌素都具有(you)高(gao)效(xiao)、低(di)毒、廣譜(pu)的(de)(de)(de)優點，對常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)胃腸(chang)道線(xian)蟲(chong)、肺線(xian)蟲(chong)、片型吸(xi)蟲(chong)均(jun)有(you)效(xiao)。可同時(shi)驅除混合(he)感染的(de)(de)(de)多種寄(ji)生蟲(chong)。

（4）飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理質量控(kong)制 嚴格(ge)按《無公害(hai)食(shi)品肉豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理準(zhun)則》控(kong)制和(he)操作全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理過程，縣局產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安全領導小(xiao)組(zu)每年至少對產(chan)(chan)(chan)地內的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理進行二次全面檢(jian)查，鎮鄉(xiang)畜牧站(zhan)和(he)農村(cun)獸醫人員對產(chan)(chan)(chan)地內黔北黑(hei)豬(zhu)的無公害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)進行常年巡查管(guan)理，保(bao)證各飼(si)養(yang)場和(he)農戶按標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)組(zu)織和(he)進行生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。

（5）投入品管理

①飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)：飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)應(ying)符合(he)NY5150的規定。不(bu)(bu)能(neng)在黔北(bei)黑豬體(ti)內埋植或(huo)者在飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中添加鎮靜劑(ji)、激素類(lei)等(deng)違(wei)禁(jin)藥(yao)(yao)品。黔北(bei)育(yu)肥黑豬使(shi)用(yong)含有抗生(sheng)(sheng)素的添加劑(ji)時(shi)，應(ying)按照《飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)添加劑(ji)管理條(tiao)例》執行休藥(yao)(yao)期。不(bu)(bu)同性別(bie)、年齡(ling)、體(ti)重和(he)不(bu)(bu)同生(sheng)(sheng)理狀(zhuang)況的黔北(bei)黑豬選用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同的飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養方式(shi)和(he)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養標準。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)種(zhong)類(lei)要(yao)多(duo)樣化，適(shi)口性要(yao)好。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)營養價值(zhi)要(yao)保持(chi)相對(dui)穩定，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)喂(wei)發霉變質的飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。日糧以優質青粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為主，適(shi)當搭配精料(liao)(liao)(liao)。選用(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)可(ke)根(gen)據當地條(tiao)件(jian)就(jiu)地取材，同時(shi)，也要(yao)考慮飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的價格，以降低飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養成本(ben)。

②飲(yin)(yin)水：經(jing)常(chang)保持有充足的(de)飲(yin)(yin)水，水質符合NY5092-2001的(de)要(yao)求；定期清洗(xi)消(xiao)毒飲(yin)(yin)水設備，避免細菌滋生(sheng)。放牧時(shi)應特別注意水源問題。

（6）出欄后(hou)的(de)處(chu)理規定 黔北黔豬(zhu)(zhu)育(yu)肥豬(zhu)(zhu)出售(shou)前應在各(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)檢(jian)疫員實(shi)施產地(di)(di)檢(jian)疫；達到休(xiu)藥期(qi)、檢(jian)疫合格才能上市，不合格的(de)實(shi)行留滯觀察定性后(hou)按規定處(chu)理；有明顯(xian)病狀的(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)及時隔(ge)離(li)或撲殺焚(fen)燒、深埋等(deng)無害化處(chu)理。以保證產地(di)(di)育(yu)肥豬(zhu)(zhu)獸藥殘(can)留低于規定的(de)動(dong)物性食品中(zhong)獸藥最高殘(can)留限量。

（7）生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)要求：根據農業部“畜禽標識(shi)和養殖(zhi)檔案管理辦法”規定，種(zhong)場(chang)及一般(ban)養殖(zhi)場(chang)（戶）都應當建立養殖(zhi)檔案，載明(ming)以下內容：品種(zhong)、數量、繁殖(zhi)記錄(lu)、標識(shi)情(qing)(qing)況、來源和進出場(chang)日期；飼料投入品和獸藥的(de)來源、名稱、使用(yong)(yong)對象、時間(jian)和用(yong)(yong)量等(deng)有關(guan)情(qing)(qing)況；檢疫、免(mian)疫、監(jian)測、消(xiao)毒(du)情(qing)(qing)況；豬(zhu)的(de)發病、診療、死亡和無害化處(chu)理情(qing)(qing)況。資料應盡可能長期保存，最少保留2年。

六.包(bao)裝標識(shi)相關規定

本規定地(di)域范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)的黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬生產(chan)經營者，在(zai)產(chan)品或包裝上(shang)使用農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志，須向(xiang)遵義市黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬養殖專(zhuan)業合作社利現(xian)代農業專(zhuan)業合作社提出申請，按照相關要(yao)求規范(fan)生產(chan)和使用標(biao)(biao)志，統一采用黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬產(chan)品名稱和農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識相結合的標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)方(fang)法。