形態特征
描述: 白花(hua)前胡(Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn),為多年生直(zhi)立草本,高(gao)60—90厘(li)米(mi)或(huo)(huo)稍過(guo)之;根粗大,圓(yuan)錐狀,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3—5厘(li)米(mi),有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)枝,棕褐色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)黃褐色(se)(se);莖(jing)(jing)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)狀,甚(shen)粗壯,淺綠色(se)(se),有(you)(you)(you)縱線紋,基(ji)(ji)部有(you)(you)(you)多數棕褐色(se)(se)葉(xie)鞘纖維。基(ji)(ji)生葉(xie)和莖(jing)(jing)下部葉(xie)紙(zhi)質,輪廓(kuo)為三(san)(san)角闊(kuo)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)近圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5—9厘(li)米(mi),二或(huo)(huo)三(san)(san)回三(san)(san)出羽(yu)狀分(fen)裂,一回裂片(pian)(pian)闊(kuo)形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),二回裂片(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),最后裂片(pian)(pian)菱(ling)狀倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3—4厘(li)米(mi),寬(kuan)約3厘(li)米(mi),基(ji)(ji)部楔(xie)尖,不規則羽(yu)狀分(fen)裂,邊緣有(you)(you)(you)圓(yuan)鋸(ju)齒(chi);葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6—20厘(li)米(mi),基(ji)(ji)部有(you)(you)(you)闊(kuo)鞘;莖(jing)(jing)上部葉(xie)二回羽(yu)狀分(fen)裂,裂片(pian)(pian)較小(xiao)。花(hua)秋季開放,白色(se)(se),甚(shen)小(xiao),排成頂(ding)生和側(ce)生的復傘(san)形(xing)(xing)花(hua)序,無(wu)總苞片(pian)(pian);傘(san)輻12—18條,不等(deng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),約1—4厘(li)米(mi);花(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1—2厘(li)米(mi);花(hua)瓣5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.3—1.5毫米(mi),頂(ding)端漸尖而(er)內(nei)折,有(you)(you)(you)明顯的中肋。雙懸果(guo)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4—5毫米(mi),背棱(leng)和中棱(leng)線狀,側(ce)棱(leng)有(you)(you)(you)狹(xia)翅,每棱(leng)槽有(you)(you)(you)油(you)管(guan)3—5條
分布范圍
經(jing)農(nong)業部農(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安全中心審查和(he)專家評(ping)審,安徽省寧(ning)國(guo)市“寧(ning)前胡(hu)”符(fu)合(he)《農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)管理(li)(li)辦(ban)法》規定(ding)的登(deng)記保(bao)護(hu)條件,農(nong)業部準予登(deng)記,依法實施保(bao)護(hu)。“寧(ning)前胡(hu)”農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)為(wei):寧(ning)國(guo)市云(yun)梯(ti)鄉、仙霞鎮(zhen)、中溪(xi)鎮(zhen)、寧(ning)墩鎮(zhen)、南(nan)極鄉、萬家鄉、梅林鎮(zhen)、霞西鎮(zhen)、竹峰辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)、甲路鎮(zhen)、胡(hu)樂鎮(zhen)、方塘(tang)鄉和(he)青龍鄉等13個鄉鎮(zhen)(辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu))現轄區域(yu)。地(di)(di)理(li)(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經(jing)118°~119°24′,北緯30°17′~30°37′。
生長方式
寧前(qian)(qian)胡 可以采取種(zhong)子(zi)撒(sa)(sa)播、點播、根莖(jing)移栽、仿(fang)(fang)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)繁(fan)育4種(zhong)方(fang)法進行栽培(pei)(pei)。其中以種(zhong)子(zi)撒(sa)(sa)播、仿(fang)(fang)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)繁(fan)育為前(qian)(qian)胡最(zui)佳栽培(pei)(pei)模(mo)式,種(zhong)子(zi)發芽率達70%~80%,一年生(sheng)(sheng)前(qian)(qian)胡畝產(chan)鮮(xian)重(zhong)300~600kg。
主要價值
寧(ning)國市(shi)境(jing)內所產主要(yao)為白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡,素以個大、皮黑、條長、內黃、香味(wei)濃等(deng)優點而著稱(cheng),清代就享(xiang)有“寧(ning)前(qian)(qian)胡”之稱(cheng),是(shi)寧(ning)國市(shi)地道大宗(zong)藥(yao)(yao)材之一。“寧(ning)前(qian)(qian)胡”性微寒,味(wei)苦、辛,有疏風清熱、止咳(ke)祛痰(tan)之功效。“寧(ning)前(qian)(qian)胡仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)繁育及規范化種(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)術研究(jiu)”從仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植實際(ji)出發(fa),以保持(chi)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)性特點、高產、優質(zhi)為目(mu)標,所繁育的白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產品符(fu)合(he)2005年版《中國藥(yao)(yao)典(dian)》規定的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求,在種(zhong)(zhong)子繁殖(zhi)、選擇基(ji)地、田間管(guan)理、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評價等(deng)方面取得重大進(jin)展和創新,有效地促(cu)進(jin)了地道藥(yao)(yao)材資(zi)源的開發(fa)與利(li)用。