二(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)古建(jian)筑(zhu)群坐(zuo)落(luo)在今都(dou)(dou)江堰(yan)西門外(wai)的玉(yu)壘山麓,是(shi)世(shi)界文化(hua)遺產都(dou)(dou)江堰(yan)的重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成部分。該廟(miao)是(shi)為(wei)紀念都(dou)(dou)江堰(yan)的開鑿(zao)者、秦蜀郡太守李(li)冰(bing)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)子二(er)(er)郎而(er)修建(jian)的。二(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)初建(jian)于(yu)南北朝,現存建(jian)筑(zhu)系(xi)清末民(min)初所建(jian),山門“二(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)”3個(ge)金字(zi)(zi)是(shi)愛國(guo)將領馮玉(yu)祥將軍的手(shou)筆。廟(miao)內有李(li)冰(bing)和二(er)(er)郎的塑像,石壁上嵌有李(li)冰(bing)以及(ji)(ji)后人關于(yu)治水(shui)的格言,被稱為(wei)治水(shui)三字(zi)(zi)經。后殿右側有畫(hua)家張大千、徐悲鴻等人的碑(bei)刻。
二(er)王(wang)廟(miao)原(yuan)為(wei)望(wang)帝(di)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),齊明帝(di)時(shi),益州剌史劉(liu)季連將望(wang)帝(di)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)遷往(wang)郫(pi)縣(xian)。齊明帝(di)建(jian)武元年(494),為(wei)紀念(nian)中國都江(jiang)(jiang)堰的開(kai)鑿(zao)者、秦蜀郡太守李冰及(ji)其子(zi)二(er)郎修建(jian)都江(jiang)(jiang)堰的崇(chong)偉功德,將原(yuan)望(wang)帝(di)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)加以(yi)改(gai)建(jian),更名為(wei)崇(chong)德廟(miao)。宋以(yi)后,李冰父子(zi)相繼被敕封為(wei)王(wang),因此又改(gai)稱為(wei)二(er)王(wang)廟(miao)。臨岷江(jiang)(jiang),后依翠嶺,南望(wang)青城,西連岷山,遠近風光十(shi)分綺麗(li),故有“玉壘(lei)仙都”的美(mei)譽。
廟門(men)前壁(bi)上(shang)有(you)清代末(mo)年繪制(zhi)的(de)《都(dou)江(jiang)堰(yan)灌溉區域圖》,是(shi)極為珍貴的(de)歷(li)史(shi)資料(liao)。廟內觀(guan)瀾(lan)亭(ting)下(xia),一(yi)排(pai)丹墻(qiang)石(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)鐫刻著兩則(ze)治(zhi)水(shui)《三(san)(san)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)》。一(yi)則(ze)為清同治(zhi)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(1874)灌縣(xian)知縣(xian)胡圻(qi)依據歷(li)代都(dou)江(jiang)堰(yan)治(zhi)水(shui)經(jing)驗編(bian)(bian)成的(de)《三(san)(san)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)》,文曰(yue):“六字(zi)(zi)傳,千秋鑒。挖河心(xin),堆堤岸(an)。分(fen)四(si)六,平潦(liao)(liao)旱。水(shui)畫符,鐵(tie)樁見。籠編(bian)(bian)密,石(shi)裝健。砌(qi)角嘴,安羊(yang)(yang)圈。立湃闕(que),留(liu)漏(lou)罐。遵(zun)舊(jiu)(jiu)制(zhi),復(fu)古埝。”另一(yi)則(ze)是(shi)清光緒三(san)(san)十(shi)二(er)年(1906),成都(dou)府(fu)知文煥(huan)對原《三(san)(san)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)》作(zuo)(zuo)修改,又重刻于二(er)王(wang)廟石(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)。內容是(shi):“深掏灘(tan),低(di)作(zuo)(zuo)埝。六字(zi)(zi)旨,千秋鑒。挖河沙,堆堤岸(an)。砌(qi)魚嘴,安羊(yang)(yang)圈。立湃闕(que),留(liu)漏(lou)罐。籠編(bian)(bian)密,石(shi)裝健。分(fen)四(si)六,平潦(liao)(liao)旱。水(shui)畫符,鐵(tie)樁見。歲(sui)勤修,預防(fang)患(huan)。遵(zun)舊(jiu)(jiu)制(zhi),毋擅變。”后(hou)人總結的(de)治(zhi)水(shui)《八字(zi)(zi)經(jing)》:“乘(cheng)勢利導,因(yin)時(shi)制(zhi)宜”、“具(ju)灣截角,逢正抽心(xin)”被認為是(shi)飽含哲理的(de)治(zhi)水(shui)真諦(di),至今廣為傳頌。
二(er)(er)王(wang)廟(miao)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)小殿堂10余座,規模宏大(da)(da),布局嚴謹,倚山(shan)臨江,錯落有(you)(you)致,素有(you)(you)“玉壘仙都”的(de)美(mei)譽。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)建筑飛檐(yan)翹(qiao)角(jiao)(jiao),雕梁畫(hua)棟(dong),主次分明,造型(xing)精美(mei),有(you)(you)著很高的(de)建筑和(he)藝術價值(zhi)。《西(xi)游記》、《紅樓夢》等電視(shi)片都曾在(zai)此地取(qu)景(jing)拍(pai)攝。與都江堰水利工程(cheng)一道(dao),二(er)(er)王(wang)廟(miao)被聯合(he)國教科文(wen)組織列為(wei)“世界(jie)文(wen)化遺產”。現存建筑為(wei)清代重修。廟(miao)宇依山(shan)取(qu)勢(shi),層層而(er)上,宏偉秀麗,四(si)周古木濃蔭(yin),環境幽美(mei)。大(da)(da)殿及(ji)后殿內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)李冰及(ji)二(er)(er)郎塑(su)像。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)石(shi)壁間刻有(you)(you)李冰治水的(de)口訣(jue):“深掏攤,低作堰”“遇灣截(jie)角(jiao)(jiao),逢正抽(chou)心”等。
初(chu)建(jian)于東漢,時(shi)為紀(ji)念(nian)蜀王(wang)杜(du)宇的“望帝祠”,南朝(chao)齊明(ming)(ming)帝建(jian)武年(nian)間(jian)(494—498),益州刺(ci)吏劉季(ji)連遷“望帝祠”于郫縣,改祀李冰父子于此,稱(cheng)名(ming)“崇德廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”,后(hou)亦有“江瀆(du)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”,“李公(gong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”、“王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”、“秦太守李公(gong)祠”、“真常道院”、“川(chuan)主廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”、“顯英王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”、“二(er)王(wang)宮”之(zhi)稱(cheng),清乾隆(long)時(shi)之(zhi)《灌縣志(zhi)》中稱(cheng)“二(er)郎廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”,后(hou)遂稱(cheng)之(zhi)曰(yue)“二(er)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”。唐、宋(song)、元、明(ming)(ming)、清、民(min)國年(nian)間(jian)均有修(xiu)葺。
現存(cun)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)多為民國十四年(1925)遭火災(zai)焚毀后住持李(li)云巖募資重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian):從樂樓(正(zheng)山(shan)門)起,廟內建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)分主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong),配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十六重(zhong)(zhong);主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內奉(feng)(feng)三(san)眼二郎神(shen),配(pei)(pei)祀木雕楊二郎;老王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供奉(feng)(feng)李(li)冰夫婦(fu);老君殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)因(yin)祀老子(zi)(zi),故名,左右配(pei)(pei)建(jian)青龍、白虎兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);三(san)官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)祀天、地(di)、水(shui)三(san)官(guan)大(da)帝;靈官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上下(xia)層,上祀道教護法(fa)神(shen)王(wang)靈官(guan),下(xia)祀太白金星;另有城隍殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、土地(di)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、娘娘殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、祈子(zi)(zi)宮、丁(ding)公祠、圣母(mu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、魁星閣、龍神(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。該廟占地(di)面積(ji)10,200平方(fang)米,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)6,050余(yu)平方(fang)米,規模宏(hong)大(da),布(bu)(bu)局嚴謹(jin),整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)(bu)局不受中(zhong)軸線的束縛,而(er)在縱橫方(fang)向上依山(shan)就勢,疊(die)落(luo)而(er)筑(zhu)(zhu),層層樓臺,起伏(fu)有序,曲折幽深,梯回(hui)壁轉(zhuan),而(er)又主(zhu)次分明,負山(shan)面水(shui),極(ji)為幽靜。
二(er)(er)王(wang)廟(miao)前后殿(dian)(dian)分(fen)別(bie)塑(su)李(li)冰及其子二(er)(er)郎像。前殿(dian)(dian)李(li)冰像身著袍(pao)服(fu),正襟危(wei)坐,手拿著半裹的(de)絹圖,凝神沉(chen)思治水方案(an);后殿(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)郎像草履(lv)便(bian)服(fu),手執(zhi)鐵(tie)鍤,英姿(zi)勃(bo)勃(bo),充滿青春豪邁激情。二(er)(er)王(wang)廟(miao)內匾額、對(dui)聯、詩文、石碑甚鑫(xin),有(you)清果親王(wang)手書“功(gong)垂不朽”、光緒(xu)帝(di)御筆“功(gong)昭蜀道”,以及“恢(hui)拓禹功(gong)名父子,創(chuang)開天府古神仙”等,都(dou)是對(dui)李(li)冰父子治水功(gong)績(ji)的(de)贊頌。李(li)冰殿(dian)(dian)后陳列商代古木、明代鐵(tie)花瓶、鐵(tie)蠟臺,以及近(jin)代畫(hua)家徐(xu)悲鴻、張大千(qian)、關山月的(de)繪畫(hua)碑刻,都(dou)有(you)很高的(de)考古和(he)藝(yi)術價值。