歷史沿革
明(ming)洪武(wu)初(chu)(約公(gong)元(yuan)1377年(nian)(nian)(nian))國(guo)師(shi)寶曇奉旨來(lai)山(shan)重(zhong)修寺(si)院,時見板屋(wu)一椽,因山(shan)高風大(da)(da),云南總兵祁三(san)升捐資,遂(sui)將之覆為(wei)鐵瓦,俗(su)稱(cheng)鐵瓦殿(今(jin)703電視臺(tai)處(chu)),按察趙(zhao)良壁增修,后(hou)被火(huo)焚。明(ming)代(dai)萬歷(li)辛(xin)丑29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)),妙峰(feng)(山(shan)西五臺(tai)山(shan)僧)、惟密(mi)禪師(shi)來(lai)峨(e)(e)(e)禮行(xing)普(pu)賢,發愿鑄(zhu)三(san)大(da)(da)士滲金(jin)像以(yi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿覆之名山(shan),即募西蜀藩(fan)王(wang)潞(lu)安沈王(wang)朱(zhu)模攜(xie)得黃金(jin)數千(qian)兩,送(song)往湖北荊州監制,鑄(zhu)于(yu)明(ming)萬歷(li)壬(ren)寅(公(gong)元(yuan)1602年(nian)(nian)(nian)),歷(li)經數載,先后(hou)鑄(zhu)造(zao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿三(san)處(chu):一在(zai)峨(e)(e)(e)眉山(shan),二在(zai)五臺(tai)山(shan),三(san)在(zai)普(pu)陀山(shan)。明(ming)萬歷(li)乙卯(公(gong)元(yuan)1615年(nian)(nian)(nian))秋天運至峨(e)(e)(e)眉組裝(zhuang),在(zai)大(da)(da)峨(e)(e)(e)山(shan)鐵瓦殿后(hou)的(de)最高處(chu),做成(cheng)了普(pu)賢愿王(wang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿通高二丈(zhang)五尺(chi),寬一丈(zhang)四尺(chi)四,深一丈(zhang)三(san)尺(chi)五。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿上(shang)(shang)部為(wei)重(zhong)檐雕(diao)甍,環以(yi)繡欞(ling)瑣窗,殿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)祀大(da)(da)士銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像,傍繞萬佛(fo)(fo),門枋空處(chu)雕(diao)畫,云棧劍閣之險(xian),頂(ding)部通體(ti)敷金(jin),巍(wei)峨(e)(e)(e)浩漾,迢耀天地,故稱(cheng)“金(jin)殿”或曰“金(jin)頂(ding)”,明(ming)神宗朱(zhu)翊鈞御題橫額稱(cheng)“永(yong)明(ming)華(hua)藏寺(si)”。清(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)16年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1890年(nian)(nian)(nian))該(gai)殿毀于(yu)一炬,光緒(xu)18年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1892年(nian)(nian)(nian))寺(si)僧心啟(qi)、月(yue)照和尚新(xin)建(jian)約180平方米的(de)磚木構造(zao)的(de)殿堂(tang),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)碑、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)門等(deng)法器置其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),殿脊(ji)之上(shang)(shang)置以(yi)滲金(jin)寶頂(ding),仍不(bu)失“金(jin)頂(ding)”之莊嚴(yan)。民國(guo)12年(nian)(nian)(nian)和20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1923、1931年(nian)(nian)(nian))又兩次失火(huo)后(hou)重(zhong)建(jian)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)民政府拔專款對華(hua)藏寺(si)進行(xing)維修,“文革”(1970年(nian)(nian)(nian))中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被“703電視臺(tai)”占用,作為(wei)微波發射(she)機房,1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)8日(ri)上(shang)(shang)午9時30分,因該(gai)臺(tai)工(gong)作人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)發電中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)操作不(bu)慎,引(yin)起(qi)火(huo)災,迅速燎原(yuan),大(da)(da)火(huo)肆虐(nve)二日(ri),使龐大(da)(da)的(de)華(hua)藏寺(si)木結構寺(si)院蕩然無存(cun),大(da)(da)量珍貴佛(fo)(fo)教文物(wu)損失殆(dai)盡,成(cheng)片冷杉(shan)及(ji)草甸被毀。清(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)16年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1890年(nian)(nian)(nian))至1972年(nian)(nian)(nian),華(hua)藏寺(si)歷(li)經幾(ji)次大(da)(da)火(huo),目前僅幸存(cun)明(ming)代(dai)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)碑”、“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)門”和清(qing)(qing)代(dai)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)象”,是峨(e)(e)(e)眉山(shan)難得的(de)佛(fo)(fo)教珍貴文物(wu)。
2002年(nian)(nian)(nian),為了響應四川省(sheng)人民政府(fu)提出(chu),把(ba)峨眉(mei)山建設成“中(zhong)國第(di)一山”的(de)(de)號召,重新規劃(hua)制定了“恢(hui)復華(hua)藏(zang)寺改造工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”的(de)(de)方案。本著宏揚峨眉(mei)山佛教(jiao),挖掘(jue)歷史(shi)文(wen)化遺存,振興旅游的(de)(de)原則,做好科(ke)學規劃(hua),創建以人為本的(de)(de)和諧社會。搬遷“703電視臺”,拆除(chu)原華(hua)藏(zang)寺前部,整治(zhi)環境(jing),由峨眉(mei)山佛教(jiao)協會具體承擔,擬建高(gao)約48米(mi)(含法臺須彌(mi)座)的(de)(de)“十方普賢”銅像,以恢(hui)復華(hua)藏(zang)寺(金頂)昔(xi)日之莊嚴。建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)已于2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)八月動工(gong)(gong),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)底竣工(gong)(gong),配(pei)套(tao)設施數年(nian)(nian)(nian)完成。
景點
三重殿堂
銅殿及華藏寺(si)皆毀于(yu)火(huo)。新(xin)建的金(jin)頂華藏寺(si)依(yi)山勢而建,中(zhong)軸線上由低到高分布著三重(zhong)殿堂(tang)。
第(di)一(yi)殿(dian)是彌(mi)勒(le)殿(dian)。殿(dian)門上懸掛(gua)著(zhu)趙樸初(chu)先生題(ti)寫的“華藏寺”金(jin)匾。寺內供奉銅鑄彌(mi)勒(le)佛像(xiang)(xiang),背后是韋馱銅像(xiang)(xiang)。殿(dian)內還有三足銅鼎和明(ming)萬歷年間銅碑等(deng)文(wen)物(wu)。
第二殿(dian)(dian)是大雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)。殿(dian)(dian)中供奉著銅質(zhi)金身(shen)的三身(shen)佛,坐高3米。殿(dian)(dian)內還有銅磐、銅鐘等法器(qi)以及銅鑄像(xiang)、銅普賢像(xiang)等佛教文(wen)物。
第三(san)殿是(shi)普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)(xian)殿,即金殿、金頂,是(shi)峨眉(mei)山最高的(de)殿堂。殿門的(de)匾額有(you)“金頂”、“行愿(yuan)無(wu)盡”、“普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)(xian)愿(yuan)海”、“華藏莊嚴”等,為趙樸(pu)初、本換、明腸(chang)等題寫(xie)。殿內(nei)供(gong)奉普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)(xian)騎象銅像(xiang),普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)(xian)端坐在(zai)蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang),手(shou)執如意,蓮(lian)(lian)臺(tai)置(zhi)象背(bei)上(shang)(shang),白(bai)象腳踏四朵蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)。整個造像(xiang)通體銅鑄,通高4.5米。殿內(nei)還(huan)有(you)銅鼎等物(wu)。
旅游攻略
1.早(zao)上7點(dian)(首班車)從新南門車站(zhan)出發(fa),終點(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)峨眉(mei)山客運站(zhan),轉公交車,大約10點(dian)可以直達報(bao)國寺車站(zhan),再開10分鐘不到就是(shi)終點(dian)站(zhan)伏(fu)虎寺了(le);
2.伏虎寺(si)、五(wu)顯(xian)崗、萬年寺(si)、雷洞(dong)坪都(dou)有檢票口,在入口會有攝像(xiang)頭拍照的;
3.報國寺(si)、五顯(xian)崗(gang)、萬(wan)年寺(si)、雷洞坪都有車站,可以乘(cheng)車到達;
4.報(bao)(bao)國寺車站離(li)開(kai)報(bao)(bao)國寺步行(xing)約10分鐘(zhong);
5.五顯崗車站離開清音閣(ge)步行約30分鐘;
6.萬(wan)年(nian)寺車站,有索道直達萬(wan)年(nian)寺;也可以徒步(bu)登山,大約1個小(xiao)時不到;
7.雷洞坪到接(jie)引殿步行大概15-20分(fen)鐘;
8.接引(yin)殿處有金頂索道下站;
9.金(jin)頂索道上站出口(kou)就(jiu)是金(jin)頂;
10.要到生態猴區,最好(hao)到五(wu)顯崗,步(bu)行約1個(ge)多(duo)小時可以到達(da),基本(ben)都是平路;
11.徒(tu)步登山(shan),第(di)一天(tian)建議住(zhu)在仙峰寺;第(di)二天(tian)可以住(zhu)太子坪或者金頂;
12.離(li)開峨眉山的汽車(che),不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)到(dao)成都還是(shi)樂(le)山的,末(mo)班車(che)都是(shi)晚上18:00。