歷史沿革
明(ming)洪武初(chu)(約(yue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1377年(nian)(nian))國師寶曇奉旨來山(shan)重(zhong)修(xiu)寺(si)(si)院(yuan),時見板屋一(yi)(yi)椽,因(yin)山(shan)高風(feng)大(da)(da),云南總兵祁(qi)三(san)升(sheng)捐資,遂(sui)將之(zhi)覆為(wei)鐵(tie)瓦(wa),俗稱鐵(tie)瓦(wa)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(今703電視(shi)臺處(chu)),按察趙良壁增修(xiu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)被火(huo)(huo)焚。明(ming)代萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)辛丑29年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)),妙(miao)峰(feng)(山(shan)西(xi)五(wu)臺山(shan)僧)、惟密禪師來峨禮行普(pu)賢(xian),發愿(yuan)鑄(zhu)三(san)大(da)(da)士滲金(jin)像以銅(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)覆之(zhi)名山(shan),即募西(xi)蜀(shu)藩王(wang)潞安(an)沈王(wang)朱模(mo)攜得黃金(jin)數千兩,送(song)往湖北荊(jing)州監制,鑄(zhu)于(yu)明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)壬寅(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1602年(nian)(nian)),歷(li)經數載,先后(hou)(hou)(hou)鑄(zhu)造銅(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)處(chu):一(yi)(yi)在峨眉山(shan),二(er)在五(wu)臺山(shan),三(san)在普(pu)陀山(shan)。明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)乙卯(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1615年(nian)(nian))秋天運至(zhi)峨眉組裝(zhuang),在大(da)(da)峨山(shan)鐵(tie)瓦(wa)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)最高處(chu),做成(cheng)了普(pu)賢(xian)愿(yuan)王(wang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)通高二(er)丈五(wu)尺,寬(kuan)一(yi)(yi)丈四尺四,深一(yi)(yi)丈三(san)尺五(wu)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)部為(wei)重(zhong)檐雕甍(meng),環以繡欞瑣窗,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中祀大(da)(da)士銅(tong)(tong)(tong)像,傍(bang)繞萬(wan)(wan)佛,門(men)枋空處(chu)雕畫,云棧劍閣之(zhi)險,頂(ding)部通體敷金(jin),巍峨浩漾,迢耀天地,故稱“金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)”或曰“金(jin)頂(ding)”,明(ming)神(shen)宗朱翊(yi)鈞御題橫(heng)額稱“永(yong)明(ming)華藏(zang)寺(si)(si)”。清光緒(xu)16年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1890年(nian)(nian))該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)毀于(yu)一(yi)(yi)炬(ju),光緒(xu)18年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1892年(nian)(nian))寺(si)(si)僧心啟、月照(zhao)和(he)尚新建約(yue)180平方米的(de)(de)(de)磚木構造的(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)碑、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)門(men)等法器置其中,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)脊之(zhi)上(shang)置以滲金(jin)寶頂(ding),仍(reng)不(bu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)“金(jin)頂(ding)”之(zhi)莊嚴。民(min)國12年(nian)(nian)和(he)20年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1923、1931年(nian)(nian))又兩次失(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)重(zhong)建。1953年(nian)(nian)人民(min)政府拔專(zhuan)款對華藏(zang)寺(si)(si)進(jin)行維修(xiu),“文革”(1970年(nian)(nian))中被“703電視(shi)臺”占用,作(zuo)為(wei)微(wei)波發射機房,1972年(nian)(nian)4月8日(ri)上(shang)午(wu)9時30分,因(yin)該臺工(gong)作(zuo)人員在發電中操作(zuo)不(bu)慎,引起火(huo)(huo)災(zai),迅速燎原,大(da)(da)火(huo)(huo)肆虐二(er)日(ri),使龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)華藏(zang)寺(si)(si)木結構寺(si)(si)院(yuan)蕩(dang)然無存(cun),大(da)(da)量珍貴佛教(jiao)文物(wu)(wu)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)殆(dai)盡,成(cheng)片冷杉及草甸被毀。清光緒(xu)16年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1890年(nian)(nian))至(zhi)1972年(nian)(nian),華藏(zang)寺(si)(si)歷(li)經幾次大(da)(da)火(huo)(huo),目前僅(jin)幸存(cun)明(ming)代“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)碑”、“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)門(men)”和(he)清代“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)象”,是峨眉山(shan)難(nan)得的(de)(de)(de)佛教(jiao)珍貴文物(wu)(wu)。
2002年(nian),為(wei)了響(xiang)應四川省人民政府提(ti)出,把峨眉山建設成“中(zhong)國第(di)一山”的(de)(de)號召(zhao),重新規劃制定了“恢復華藏(zang)寺(si)改造工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”的(de)(de)方(fang)案。本著宏揚峨眉山佛(fo)教,挖掘歷(li)史文化遺(yi)存,振興旅游的(de)(de)原則,做好科(ke)學規劃,創建以(yi)人為(wei)本的(de)(de)和諧社會。搬遷“703電視臺(tai)”,拆除(chu)原華藏(zang)寺(si)前部,整治環(huan)境,由(you)峨眉山佛(fo)教協會具體承(cheng)擔,擬(ni)建高約48米(含(han)法臺(tai)須彌座)的(de)(de)“十方(fang)普賢(xian)”銅(tong)像,以(yi)恢復華藏(zang)寺(si)(金頂(ding))昔日之(zhi)莊嚴。建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)已于2004年(nian)八月動工(gong)(gong),2005年(nian)底竣(jun)工(gong)(gong),配套設施數年(nian)完成。
景點
三重殿堂
銅殿及(ji)華(hua)藏寺皆毀(hui)于火。新(xin)建的金(jin)頂華(hua)藏寺依山勢而建,中(zhong)軸線上由低到高分布著(zhu)三重殿堂。
第一(yi)殿是(shi)彌勒(le)殿。殿門上懸掛著趙樸初先生題寫(xie)的“華藏寺”金匾(bian)。寺內供奉銅鑄彌勒(le)佛像,背后是(shi)韋(wei)馱銅像。殿內還(huan)有(you)三足銅鼎和明萬(wan)歷年間銅碑等(deng)文物。
第二殿是(shi)大雄寶殿。殿中供奉著銅(tong)質金(jin)身的三(san)身佛,坐高(gao)3米(mi)。殿內還有銅(tong)磐(pan)、銅(tong)鐘等(deng)法器(qi)以及(ji)銅(tong)鑄像、銅(tong)普賢像等(deng)佛教文(wen)物(wu)。
第三殿(dian)是(shi)普賢(xian)(xian)殿(dian),即金殿(dian)、金頂(ding),是(shi)峨眉山最高的殿(dian)堂。殿(dian)門(men)的匾額有“金頂(ding)”、“行(xing)愿(yuan)無盡(jin)”、“普賢(xian)(xian)愿(yuan)海”、“華(hua)藏莊嚴(yan)”等(deng)(deng),為趙(zhao)樸初、本(ben)換、明(ming)腸等(deng)(deng)題寫(xie)。殿(dian)內供奉普賢(xian)(xian)騎象銅像(xiang),普賢(xian)(xian)端坐(zuo)在蓮花(hua)臺(tai)上(shang),手(shou)執如意,蓮臺(tai)置象背上(shang),白象腳踏(ta)四朵蓮花(hua)。整個造像(xiang)通體銅鑄(zhu),通高4.5米。殿(dian)內還有銅鼎等(deng)(deng)物(wu)。
旅游攻略
1.早(zao)上(shang)7點(dian)(首(shou)班車(che))從新(xin)南門車(che)站(zhan)出發,終(zhong)點(dian)站(zhan)是峨眉山客運(yun)站(zhan),轉公交(jiao)車(che),大約(yue)10點(dian)可以(yi)直達報國寺車(che)站(zhan),再開10分鐘不(bu)到就是終(zhong)點(dian)站(zhan)伏虎寺了;
2.伏虎(hu)寺、五顯崗(gang)、萬年寺、雷洞坪都有檢票口,在入口會(hui)有攝像頭拍照的;
3.報國寺、五顯崗、萬年寺、雷洞坪都有車(che)站,可(ke)以乘車(che)到達;
4.報國寺(si)車站離開報國寺(si)步行約10分(fen)鐘;
5.五顯崗車站離開清音(yin)閣步(bu)行約30分鐘(zhong);
6.萬(wan)年寺車站,有索道直達(da)萬(wan)年寺;也可以(yi)徒步登山,大(da)約1個(ge)小時不到;
7.雷洞坪到接引殿步行大概15-20分鐘;
8.接引殿處有金頂索(suo)道下(xia)站;
9.金頂索道(dao)上站出(chu)口就是金頂;
10.要到(dao)生態猴區,最好到(dao)五顯崗,步行約1個多小時可(ke)以到(dao)達,基本都是平(ping)路(lu);
11.徒步(bu)登(deng)山,第一天建議住在仙峰寺(si);第二天可以住太子坪或者金頂;
12.離(li)開峨眉山的汽車,不管是到成都還是樂山的,末(mo)班車都是晚上(shang)18:00。