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簡介

峨眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是中國風(feng)景秀(xiu)麗、寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廟主(zhu)供普賢菩(pu)薩的(de)四大(da)佛教名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之一（其(qi)余為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、安徽九華(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、浙江普陀山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）。位于四川省峨眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市西南。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廟古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)包括報國寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、伏虎寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、清(qing)(qing)音閣(ge)、洪椿(chun)坪、華(hua)嚴銅(tong)塔、圣(sheng)積(ji)晚鐘、無梁磚殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。主(zhu)要有(you)報國、萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)、伏虎三(san)大(da)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓入山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門戶的(de)報國寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，始建(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間（1573-1620年(nian)(nian)），有(you)清(qing)(qing)康熙御題(ti)匾額(e)，寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)內(nei)有(you)彌勒(le)、大(da)雄、七(qi)佛等殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和藏經樓(lou)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)1.06萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)宏偉(wei)，內(nei)有(you)明初彩釉(you)瓷佛，高(gao)達(da)2.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。獅子峰下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)初名普賢寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。創建(jian)(jian)于東(dong)晉隆安年(nian)(nian)間（397-401年(nian)(nian)），原殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)七(qi)重(zhong)，現存二重(zhong)，系1953年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。內(nei)有(you)無梁磚殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，建(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間（1573-1620年(nian)(nian)），通高(gao)16米(mi)(mi)(mi)，為穹隆頂(ding)方(fang)形無梁殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，內(nei)有(you)北(bei)宋(song)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)興國五(wu)年(nian)(nian)（980年(nian)(nian)）鑄造的(de)普賢菩(pu)薩騎六牙白(bai)象銅(tong)鑄像，通高(gao)7.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)，重(zhong)62噸。伏虎嶺(ling)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)伏虎寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，始建(jian)(jian)于唐代（618-907年(nian)(nian)），建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)1.3萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)宇(yu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂林立(li)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)巍峨。牛心(xin)嶺(ling)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)清(qing)(qing)音閣(ge)有(you)樓(lou)、閣(ge)、亭、臺(tai)等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群體(ti)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)2000平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，黑、白(bai)龍江在此相(xiang)會，風(feng)景極佳。天池峰下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)洪椿(chun)坪古稱千佛庵，三(san)重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)3320平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)內(nei)有(you)清(qing)(qing)代七(qi)方(fang)千佛蓮燈具，雕工(gong)高(gao)超。 [1]

峨眉(mei)山圣壽萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)寺銅(tong)鐵佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)國宋(song)(song)(song)、明(ming)佛(fo)教鑄像(xiang)(xiang)。在四川省(sheng)峨眉(mei)山市峨眉(mei)山半山萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)寺內(nei)。寺創(chuang)建(jian)于東(dong)(dong)晉，名普賢寺，唐易(yi)名白水寺，宋(song)(song)(song)更名白水普賢寺。明(ming)神宗(zong)朱翊鈞賜(si)名圣壽萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)寺。1947年(nian)秋，除明(ming)代磚(zhuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)外幾毀壞(huai)殆盡(jin)。現有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)兩重，系(xi)1953年(nian)重建(jian)。萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)寺的銅(tong)鐵佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)，以磚(zhuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)宋(song)(song)(song)代普賢銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)最為著名，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)其他小(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)共331尊，皆玲瓏精麗。此外，巍峨殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、大雄殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的銅(tong)鐵鑄像(xiang)(xiang)，亦屬珍貴(gui)。1961年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國國務院公(gong)布為全(quan)國重點文物保護單位。圣壽萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)寺（即(ji)峨眉(mei)山萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)寺無(wu)粱磚(zhuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)）建(jian)于明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷年(nian)間（1573～1620），為穹窿頂方(fang)形(xing)無(wu)梁殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，東(dong)(dong)向。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)有(you)銅(tong)鐵佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)共306件(jian)。其中(zhong)(zhong)普賢騎象巨型(xing)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)1件(jian)，“圓覺”鐵像(xiang)(xiang)24件(jian)，小(xiao)鐵佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)280件(jian)，小(xiao)銅(tong)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)1件(jian)。均集中(zhong)(zhong)存放(fang)于殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)。

普賢銅像

普賢銅(tong)像位于(yu)殿(dian)中，坐(zuo)(zuo)西向東。通(tong)高7.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，重約62噸（內(nei)侍奉旨監造(zao)）。佛(fo)(fo)像通(tong)體(ti)敷金(jin)，高3.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，雙(shuang)膝坐(zuo)(zuo)于(yu)六牙象(xiang)背(bei)負之(zhi)貼金(jin)蓮花座上(shang)。蓮高1.39米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，徑2.22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。佛(fo)(fo)像頭帶雙(shuang)層金(jin)冠，冠高1.07米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，徑0.83米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。邊緣(yuan)四(si)周鑄(zhu)有(you)金(jin)佛(fo)(fo)像；連眼(yan)微合，唇(chun)角稍斂，給人以(yi)莊嚴(yan)、肅穆(mu)、慈(ci)祥之(zhi)感；袒胸飾瓔(ying)硌(luo)，身披袈裟；右手執金(jin)如意(yi)，左手置胸前(qian)，手心(xin)向上(shang)。　六牙象(xiang)四(si)蹄遒勁有(you)力，卷鼻舒尾，似將(jiang)遠行，很(hen)(hen)富動感；背(bei)飾雕鞍(an)。象(xiang)高3.13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長（鼻端至尾椎）5.23米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，背(bei)寬2.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，胸圍(wei)(wei)6.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，頸圍(wei)(wei)4.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，鼻端離地面0.08米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；腿(tui)長1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；耳縱(zong)長1.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；牙6個，左右各(ge)3，皆長0.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；四(si)蹄各(ge)踏蓮花蹬，蹬徑1.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高0.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。佛(fo)(fo)像體(ti)空、壁厚，平(ping)均厚約0.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。整個像體(ti)，系(xi)分塊焊接而成(cheng)(cheng)。為北宋(song)(song)太(tai)平(ping)興國(guo)五年(nian)（公元(yuan)980年(nian)），宋(song)(song)太(tai)宗趙光命內(nei)侍張仁贊，攜金(jin)于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)鑄(zhu)造(zao)，運至此(ci)地組裝。曾(ceng)經歷(li)明(ming)(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷(li)二十(shi)七年(nian)（公元(yuan)1599年(nian)）和明(ming)(ming)(ming)末3次火(huo)災，以(yi)及民國(guo)35年(nian)（公元(yuan)1946年(nian)）1次火(huo)災峨眉山相(xiang)傳為普賢道(dao)(dao)場(chang)，而宋(song)(song)代(dai)普賢銅(tong)像又(you)保存于(yu)萬(wan)年(nian)寺(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)磚殿(dian)內(nei)，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)此(ci)處正是普賢道(dao)(dao)場(chang)的(de)中心(xin)所在。殿(dian)內(nei)上(shang)部橫龕6道(dao)(dao)，列置小(xiao)銅(tong)佛(fo)(fo)像307尊(zun)(zun)；四(si)壁下部小(xiao)龕24個，各(ge)置小(xiao)鐵佛(fo)(fo)像1尊(zun)(zun)，鑄(zhu)造(zao)也很(hen)(hen)精(jing)美。大雄殿(dian)內(nei)有(you)大型銅(tong)佛(fo)(fo)像3尊(zun)(zun)，系(xi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)甲午年(nian)（即嘉靖(jing)十(shi)三年(nian)，1534）鑄(zhu)造(zao)。巍峨殿(dian)內(nei)的(de)佛(fo)(fo)、道(dao)(dao)銅(tong)鐵像為明(ming)(ming)(ming)、清遺物(wu)。