鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上時就應(ying)及時對其(qi)進(jin)行充(chong)電。并且按如(ru)下三階(jie)段(duan)(duan)進(jin)行：第一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電，第二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為恒(heng)壓充(chong)電，第三：階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為滑流(liu)電。否則，會嚴重影響莆電池的使用(yong)壽命門前廣泛(fan)用(yong)于(yu)鉛酸電池充(chong)電器的UC3842集成電(dian)路可直接驅(qu)動MOS開關(guan)管，在穩定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)同時，具有(you)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流控制能力（稱其為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流控制型(xing)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)驅動器）。無疑具有(you)獨特的(de)優勢：只要(yao)用極少的(de)外圍元(yuan)件即可實現恒壓輸出(chu)和控制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)目的(de)。使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器能夠按照鉛酸(suan)莆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能要(yao)求，達到(dao)接步驟地實現智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)目的(de)。

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鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)器參數(shu)解(jie)讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠(chang)家的要(yao)求(qiu)也不一(yi)樣(yang)。最(zui)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電壓(ya)值相(xiang)對(dui)誤(wu)差范圍是(shi)多少？我們不能(neng)脫離實(shi)(shi)際的工作對(dui)象，盲(mang)目制定出超常規的精度要(yao)求(qiu)。我們接到某電動(dong)(dong)車(che)售(shou)后(hou)服務(wu)部通知：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器比規定電壓(ya)高(gao)0.1V，電池因此熱失(shi)控(kong)而充(chong)(chong)(chong)脹了(le)；也接到通知說(shuo)：電壓(ya)比規定定低(di)0.1V，電池欠(qian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，提前報廢(fei)。一(yi)個千分(fen)之幾的誤(wu)差造成如此嚴重后(hou)果，真是(shi)失(shi)之毫厘，謬(miu)之千里之外，鉛(qian)酸蓄電池果真有這么神(shen)秘嗎？為(wei)了(le)解開困擾(rao)電動(dong)(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電中的這個謎團(tuan)，做如下實(shi)(shi)驗。

用一個水(shui)槽盛滿水(shui)，電(dian)(dian)池放在水(shui)中，在電(dian)(dian)池上方有一個收集氣(qi)體(ti)用的倒扣的漏(lou)斗，漏(lou)斗頂端(duan)裝有可(ke)以計量(liang)氣(qi)體(ti)容(rong)量(liang)的注射(she)針(zhen)筒(tong)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用可(ke)調穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源，用兩(liang)只(zhi)四(si)位半數(shu)字(zi)萬用表測量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

試驗時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)是(shi)在冬季(ji)，水溫5℃。實驗條(tiao)件是(shi)統(tong)一用(yong)(yong)2A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分別用(yong)(yong)43V、44V、45V輪循環依次(ci)進行，浮充(chong)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一律400mA，記錄(lu)(lu)下每次(ci)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下降各點數(shu)據、開(kai)始析氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，按時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)記錄(lu)(lu)析氣量。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)完后，用(yong)(yong)萬分之幾精度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量臺記錄(lu)(lu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量。充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)在計(ji)算(suan)紙上讀出時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲線與坐(zuo)標之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)面積(ji)(ji)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量就是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)對時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)定積(ji)(ji)分）。

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備注：該電(dian)池組30℃時，放電(dian)容(rong)量為10Ah。

得(de)到試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數據后(hou)，最(zui)感(gan)到驚異的(de)(de)是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)幾乎與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)無關。很(hen)多(duo)人認(ren)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)不滿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)提前鹽(yan)化(hua)報廢，特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)氣溫較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)時候。而(er)這(zhe)次試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)正好是(shi)在(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)，水溫只有5℃，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值是(shi)44V，上(shang)下偏差1V，相(xiang)對誤差是(shi)2.3%。在(zai)用43V和(he)45V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況下，充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和(he)放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)差無幾，與大(da)家(jia)公認(ren)的(de)(de)看法大(da)相(xiang)徑庭，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)用的(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)，輪番做(zuo)同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)，實驗(yan)(yan)數據重(zhong)復同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)規律，可排除偶然因素干(gan)擾，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數據是(shi)準確可信的(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理(li)上(shang)看，只要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)活性物(wu)質轉換(huan)完成。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開(kai)始由恒(heng)流區轉變(bian)到恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)區，這(zhe)種轉變(bian)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)、活性物(wu)質反應(ying)了多(duo)少(shao)(shao)決定的(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)，僅是(shi)能(neng)進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反應(ying)的(de)(de)條件(jian)，只要高(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)會(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)少(shao)(shao)物(wu)質能(neng)參與反應(ying)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)決定。從這(zhe)個思路理(li)解，就(jiu)不難得(de)出，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)低(di)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)沒(mei)有多(duo)大(da)影響。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在42.5V～43.5V時開始(shi)析(xi)氣(qi)，而析(xi)氣(qi)的速度與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關。到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時，總析(xi)氣(qi)量與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關，43V與(yu)45V總析(xi)氣(qi)量相(xiang)差10位（注(zhu)：以單格允許極限失水(shui)10克，18格相(xiang)當240公(gong)升氣(qi)體(ti)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池45V時失水(shui)并不(bu)大）。 在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降區時，只要降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到42.5V時，析(xi)氣(qi)立(li)即停止，這(zhe)時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)稍小一點(dian)，還會依著原(yuan)來的規(gui)律下降。

這(zhe)(zhe)里對(dui)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)討論一(yi)下。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)長期處(chu)于(yu)(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，如后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源上用(yong)的(de)等，對(dui)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)要(yao)求是嚴格的(de)。據國處(chu)文獻，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)-0.2%溫度系數，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏差太大(da)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)鹽化。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)屬(shu)循環使(shi)用(yong)，不是處(chu)于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)種狀(zhuang)態，不應該用(yong)套用(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態使(shi)用(yong)的(de)條(tiao)件，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設(she)定浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)目的(de)僅(jin)是免于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期大(da)量(liang)析(xi)氣(qi)失水，只要(yao)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降到析(xi)氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以(yi)下，但也(ye)不能低于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而停止向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面說過，在浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)走(zou)勢(shi)基本還是依著原曲線(xian)下降，一(yi)般還補(bu)足5%的(de)容(rong)量(liang)。所(suo)以(yi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應在的(de)范圍(wei)是低于(yu)(yu)析(xi)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)開路端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（約40V）。

浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池活性(xing)物質反應接近尾(wei)聲，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流自動下降到(dao)某一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)時，切(qie)換浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)記(ji)號(hao)，不(bu)(bu)少人(ren)(ren)以(yi)為浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)滿是(shi)(shi)概念(nian)不(bu)(bu)清，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，都(dou)會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)有(you)用(yong)(yong)戶看到(dao)指示燈紅(hong)轉綠后(hou)提前去用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這種情況(kuang)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)多的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)夜間(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)早晨綠燈已(yi)亮了(le)多時。有(you)的(de)(de)廠(chang)家使用(yong)(yong)說明(ming)書上提醒用(yong)(yong)戶，在轉綠燈后(hou)繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小(xiao)時，是(shi)(shi)很(hen)(hen)好(hao)很(hen)(hen)正確的(de)(de)。所以(yi)沒有(you)必要(yao)刻意(yi)去追(zhui)求浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)高低，一(yi)(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池末期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為50mA，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)以(yi)后(hou)，酸比增高，那時可達500 mA以(yi)上。從析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)速率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)關系上來(lai)看（上圖），早點(dian)(dian)脫離(li)析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)區為好(hao)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面可以(yi)減少析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)量(liang)，另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池用(yong)(yong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)段時間(jian)，末期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增高，但(dan)還(huan)能(neng)低于我們設(she)定的(de)(de)轉換點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)在最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，大量(liang)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)，引發(fa)熱(re)控(kong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脹(zhang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。有(you)人(ren)(ren)固(gu)執地強調，浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換點(dian)(dian)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池會(hui)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前面已(yi)討(tao)論過(guo)，切(qie)換到(dao)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，還(huan)會(hui)繼(ji)續對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流適當高一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)有(you)利(li)于避免過(guo)分失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)和熱(re)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)。

至于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)設(she)定(ding)，先看一(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)制造廠家對10Ah（12Ah）吸附式(shi)小(xiao)型密(mi)封電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)技術要求(qiu)，通常規定(ding)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率不要大(da)(da)于(yu)0.3C，相當(dang)于(yu)4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)2A左右，遠離極限充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)范圍(wei)內大(da)(da)一(yi)點、小(xiao)一(yi)點，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)長一(yi)點、短一(yi)點，沒有很(hen)高的(de)要求(qiu)，有10%的(de)誤差就行(xing)了，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)取樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻精度(du)是(shi)5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)精度(du)不會高于(yu)此。

總而(er)言之，不(bu)管哪家生產的鉛酸閥控吸附(fu)式小(xiao)密(mi)封電(dian)(dian)池，其基本結構是完全一樣的，僅極(ji)板、框架(jia)、滲入的微量元素、漿料(liao)配方(fang)、硫(liu)酸濃度等有此微小(xiao)差異，而(er)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學方(fang)面(mian)都是一樣的，也就是說它們單體(ti)的端電(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度（動力型）、開始析氣電(dian)(dian)壓點等，不(bu)會有顯著的差異。一個按照前面(mian)所(suo)討(tao)論的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，可適應所(suo)有品牌的電(dian)(dian)池，不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)匹配問題(ti)。

鉛酸蓄電池充電器認(ren)識誤(wu)區(qu)

1、最高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)量關系不大(da)。

2、浮充電壓與充入電量(liang)沒(mei)關系，只要高于電池最大開路端電壓，低于開始析氣點電壓就行了。

3、浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換(huan)電流(liu)，僅是切(qie)換(huan)最高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電壓(ya)(ya)到浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)電壓(ya)(ya)的設定點(dian)，不(bu)宜過小或過大，與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電量(liang)也沒關(guan)系。

4、充電電流只(zhi)要不超過(guo)0.3C(對10Ah相應為(wei)4A)都是(shi)允(yun)許的，不必要嚴格要求。

所以(yi)，對于36V閥控式吸附式小密封電池組充(chong)電參數推(tui)薦如下(xia)：

最高電壓：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉換電流：300mA～500Ma

浮充電壓：41V～42V

充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)中(zhong)一(yi)些認識(shi)誤(wu)區進行的(de)試驗和分析(xi)，通過以上的(de)試驗和分析(xi)能使(shi)廣(guang)大消費者知道鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)中(zhong)應注意(yi)的(de)一(yi)些問題，以更好地正確使(shi)用充電(dian)器(qi)。