鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上時就應及時對其進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)。并且按如下三階(jie)段進(jin)行：第一階(jie)段為(wei)(wei)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，第二階(jie)段為(wei)(wei)恒壓充(chong)電(dian)，第三：階(jie)段為(wei)(wei)滑流(liu)(liu)電(dian)。否則(ze)，會嚴(yan)重影響莆電(dian)池的使(shi)用壽(shou)命門前廣泛用于鉛酸電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)器的UC3842集成電路(lu)可(ke)直接驅(qu)動(dong)MOS開關管，在穩定輸出電(dian)壓的(de)(de)同時，具有負載電(dian)流控(kong)制能力(li)（稱其為(wei)電(dian)流控(kong)制型開關電(dian)源驅動器(qi)）。無疑具有獨特的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)：只要(yao)用極少的(de)(de)外圍元件即可實(shi)現(xian)恒壓輸出和控(kong)制充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。使充電(dian)器(qi)能夠按照鉛(qian)酸莆電(dian)池性能要(yao)求(qiu)，達到(dao)接步驟地實(shi)現(xian)智能充電(dian)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

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鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)器參數(shu)解讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生(sheng)產廠(chang)家的(de)要求也(ye)不(bu)一樣。最高充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值相對(dui)誤差(cha)范(fan)圍是多少(shao)？我們不(bu)能脫離實際的(de)工作(zuo)對(dui)象，盲目制(zhi)定出超常規的(de)精度要求。我們接(jie)到某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)售(shou)后服務(wu)部(bu)通(tong)知：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器比規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高0.1V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因此熱失(shi)控(kong)而充脹了(le)；也(ye)接(jie)到通(tong)知說(shuo)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比規定定低0.1V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠充，提前報廢。一個(ge)千分之幾的(de)誤差(cha)造成如(ru)此嚴重后果，真是失(shi)之毫厘(li)，謬之千里之外，鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)果真有這么(me)神秘嗎？為了(le)解(jie)開困擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中的(de)這個(ge)謎(mi)團，做如(ru)下(xia)實驗。

用一(yi)(yi)個(ge)水(shui)槽盛滿水(shui)，電(dian)池(chi)放在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)，在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)上方有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)收集氣(qi)體用的倒扣的漏斗，漏斗頂端裝有可以(yi)計量(liang)氣(qi)體容量(liang)的注射針筒。充電(dian)用可調穩壓電(dian)源，用兩只四位半數字萬用表測量(liang)充電(dian)電(dian)流和(he)充電(dian)電(dian)壓。

試(shi)驗時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)在冬季，水(shui)溫(wen)5℃。實驗條(tiao)件是(shi)(shi)統一用2A電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓分別用43V、44V、45V輪循(xun)環依次(ci)進行，浮充(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)(dian)流一律(lv)400mA，記錄下每次(ci)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，包括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)末期隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流下降各點數(shu)據、開始析氣電(dian)(dian)壓，按(an)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)記錄析氣量(liang)。電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)完后，用萬分之幾精度的(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)臺記錄放電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)。充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)在計算紙上讀(du)出時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流曲線與坐標之間(jian)(jian)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)（電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)就是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流對時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)定積(ji)分）。

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備注(zhu)：該電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)30℃時，放電(dian)容量為10Ah。

得到(dao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數據后(hou)，最感到(dao)驚(jing)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)少幾(ji)(ji)乎與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)無(wu)(wu)關。很多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)人認為充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿(man)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會提前鹽化報廢，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在冬季(ji)氣溫(wen)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候。而(er)這次試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)正好(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在冬季(ji)，水溫(wen)只(zhi)有5℃，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值是(shi)(shi)(shi)44V，上(shang)下偏(pian)差1V，相對誤差是(shi)(shi)(shi)2.3%。在用(yong)43V和(he)(he)45V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)放(fang)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)相差無(wu)(wu)幾(ji)(ji)，與大(da)家公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)大(da)相徑庭，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)，輪番做同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)，實驗(yan)(yan)數據重復同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)，可(ke)排(pai)除偶然因素干擾，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數據是(shi)(shi)(shi)準確可(ke)信(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理上(shang)看(kan)，只(zhi)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，都會給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一直到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物(wu)質轉(zhuan)換(huan)完成。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始由恒流區(qu)轉(zhuan)變到(dao)恒壓(ya)(ya)區(qu)，這種轉(zhuan)變是(shi)(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)自身(shen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)少、活(huo)性物(wu)質反應(ying)了(le)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)少決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)，僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，只(zhi)要高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就(jiu)會給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)少物(wu)質能(neng)參與反應(ying)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)自身(shen)決定。從這個思(si)路(lu)理解，就(jiu)不(bu)難得出，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)低(di)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)沒有多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)大(da)影響。

電(dian)(dian)池在42.5V～43.5V時(shi)(shi)(shi)開始析氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，而析氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的速度與(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓有關。到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，總析氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量與(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)壓有關，43V與(yu)(yu)45V總析氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量相(xiang)差(cha)10位(wei)（注：以(yi)單格(ge)(ge)允許極限失水(shui)10克，18格(ge)(ge)相(xiang)當240公升氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，該電(dian)(dian)池45V時(shi)(shi)(shi)失水(shui)并不大）。 在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)區時(shi)(shi)(shi)，只(zhi)要降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)壓到42.5V時(shi)(shi)(shi)，析氣(qi)(qi)(qi)立即停止，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)稍小一點，還(huan)會依著原(yuan)來的規律下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。

這(zhe)里對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)討論一下(xia)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)長(chang)期(qi)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充狀態下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，如后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源上用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)，對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)要求是(shi)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)。據國處文獻(xian)，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有-0.2%溫度系數，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)差太大會(hui)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鹽化。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)屬循環使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，不是(shi)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)種狀態，不應該用(yong)(yong)套用(yong)(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充狀態使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)條件，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設定(ding)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)僅是(shi)免于(yu)(yu)(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期(qi)大量析(xi)氣(qi)失(shi)水(shui)，只要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)到(dao)析(xi)氣(qi)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以下(xia)，但也不能低于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而停止向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面(mian)說過，在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)走勢(shi)基本還(huan)是(shi)依著原曲(qu)線下(xia)降(jiang)，一般還(huan)補足(zu)5%的(de)(de)(de)容量。所以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)范圍是(shi)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)析(xi)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后的(de)(de)(de)開路端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（約40V）。

浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，只不(bu)過(guo)(guo)是選擇在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)活性(xing)物質反應(ying)接近(jin)尾聲，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)自動下降到(dao)(dao)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)時(shi)，切換(huan)(huan)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)記號，不(bu)少人以(yi)為(wei)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會充(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿是概念不(bu)清，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓只要(yao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，都(dou)會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只不(bu)過(guo)(guo)有用戶看到(dao)(dao)指示燈紅轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)綠(lv)后(hou)提(ti)前去用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，這種(zhong)情況是不(bu)多(duo)的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般都(dou)是夜間充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)(dao)早晨綠(lv)燈已亮了多(duo)時(shi)。有的(de)(de)廠家(jia)使用說明書上提(ti)醒(xing)用戶，在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)綠(lv)燈后(hou)繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小時(shi)，是很好(hao)很正確的(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)沒有必要(yao)刻意去追求浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)約為(wei)50mA，失(shi)(shi)水以(yi)后(hou)，酸(suan)比(bi)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，那時(shi)可達500 mA以(yi)上。從析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)速率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)關系(xi)上來看（上圖），早點(dian)(dian)脫離析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)區為(wei)好(hao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)可以(yi)減少析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)量，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間，末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但(dan)還能低于(yu)我們設定的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，否則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直在(zai)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，大量失(shi)(shi)水，引發(fa)熱(re)控(kong)，充(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。有人固執地(di)強(qiang)調，浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會欠(qian)充(chong)(chong)，前面(mian)(mian)已討論(lun)過(guo)(guo)，切換(huan)(huan)到(dao)(dao)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后(hou)，不(bu)是停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，還會繼(ji)續(xu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)適當高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)有利于(yu)避免過(guo)(guo)分失(shi)(shi)水和熱(re)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)。

至于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小(xiao)設(she)定，先(xian)看一(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)池制造廠家對10Ah（12Ah）吸附式小(xiao)型密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)技術要求(qiu)，通常規定充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率不(bu)(bu)要大于(yu)0.3C，相當于(yu)4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，而充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在2A左右(you)，遠離極限(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在一(yi)定范圍(wei)內大一(yi)點(dian)、小(xiao)一(yi)點(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)長(chang)一(yi)點(dian)、短一(yi)點(dian)，沒(mei)有很高的(de)要求(qiu)，有10%的(de)誤差就行(xing)了，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流取樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)精(jing)度是5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)精(jing)度不(bu)(bu)會(hui)高于(yu)此(ci)。

總而言之，不(bu)管(guan)哪家生(sheng)產的鉛酸閥(fa)控吸附式小(xiao)密封電(dian)池，其基(ji)本結構是完(wan)全(quan)一樣的，僅極板、框(kuang)架、滲入的微量元(yuan)素(su)、漿料配方、硫酸濃(nong)度等有(you)此微小(xiao)差異，而在(zai)電(dian)化(hua)學方面(mian)都是一樣的，也就(jiu)是說它們單體的端電(dian)壓、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓、充(chong)放電(dian)電(dian)流密度（動力型）、開始析氣電(dian)壓點等，不(bu)會(hui)有(you)顯著的差異。一個按照前面(mian)所討(tao)論(lun)的充(chong)電(dian)器，可(ke)適應所有(you)品(pin)牌的電(dian)池，不(bu)存在(zai)匹配問題。

鉛酸蓄電池充電器認識誤區

1、最高(gao)充電電壓與充入(ru)電量關(guan)系不大。

2、浮充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)與充(chong)入電(dian)量沒關系，只(zhi)要高于(yu)電(dian)池最大開路端電(dian)壓(ya)，低(di)于(yu)開始(shi)析氣點(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)就行了。

3、浮充轉換電流，僅是切換最高充電電壓到浮充電壓的設定點，不宜過小或過大，與充電量也(ye)沒關系。

4、充電(dian)電(dian)流只要(yao)(yao)不超過0.3C(對(dui)10Ah相應為4A)都是允許的，不必要(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)求。

所以(yi)，對于36V閥控式吸附式小密封電池組充電參數推(tui)薦如下：

最高(gao)電壓：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉(zhuan)換電流(liu)：300mA～500Ma

浮充電壓：41V～42V

充電電流(liu)：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸(suan)蓄電池充電中一些認(ren)識誤區進(jin)行的(de)(de)試驗和(he)分(fen)析，通(tong)過以上的(de)(de)試驗和(he)分(fen)析能使廣大消費(fei)者知道鉛酸(suan)蓄電池充電中應注意的(de)(de)一些問題，以更好地正(zheng)確使用充電器。