鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上時就應及(ji)時對其進行(xing)充電。并且按如(ru)下(xia)三階(jie)段進行(xing)：第一階(jie)段為恒流(liu)充電，第二(er)階(jie)段為恒壓充電，第三：階(jie)段為滑流(liu)電。否則，會嚴重影響莆電池(chi)的(de)使用壽命(ming)門前廣泛用于(yu)鉛酸電池(chi)充電器(qi)的(de)UC3842集成(cheng)電路可直(zhi)接驅(qu)動MOS開關管，在穩(wen)定(ding)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，具有(you)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)制能(neng)力（稱其(qi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)制型開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源驅動器）。無疑具有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢：只要(yao)用極少的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圍元(yuan)件即可(ke)實(shi)現恒壓(ya)輸出和控(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠按照鉛酸莆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性能(neng)要(yao)求，達到接步(bu)驟地(di)實(shi)現智能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。

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鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)器參數解讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠家的(de)要求(qiu)也不一樣。最高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值相對(dui)誤差范圍是多少？我(wo)們(men)不能脫離實(shi)際(ji)的(de)工作(zuo)對(dui)象，盲目制定(ding)出超常規的(de)精度(du)要求(qiu)。我(wo)們(men)接到某電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車售(shou)后(hou)服務(wu)部(bu)通知：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器比規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高0.1V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因此熱失控而充(chong)(chong)脹了(le)；也接到通知說(shuo)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比規定(ding)定(ding)低0.1V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠充(chong)(chong)，提前報(bao)廢(fei)。一個千分之幾(ji)的(de)誤差造成(cheng)如此嚴重后(hou)果，真是失之毫厘，謬(miu)之千里之外，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池果真有這么(me)神(shen)秘嗎(ma)？為了(le)解開困擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)的(de)這個謎(mi)團(tuan)，做如下(xia)實(shi)驗。

用一個水槽盛滿水，電(dian)池放在水中，在電(dian)池上方有(you)(you)一個收集(ji)氣(qi)體用的(de)倒扣的(de)漏斗，漏斗頂端(duan)裝有(you)(you)可以(yi)計量氣(qi)體容(rong)量的(de)注射(she)針(zhen)筒。充電(dian)用可調(diao)穩壓電(dian)源，用兩只四位半數字萬(wan)用表測量充電(dian)電(dian)流和充電(dian)電(dian)壓。

試驗(yan)時間(jian)(jian)是在冬(dong)季，水溫5℃。實(shi)驗(yan)條件是統一(yi)用(yong)2A電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最(zui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分別用(yong)43V、44V、45V輪循環(huan)依次進行(xing)，浮充(chong)轉換電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)律400mA，記錄下(xia)每次的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括充(chong)電(dian)(dian)末期隨時間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)降(jiang)各點(dian)數據、開始(shi)析氣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，按時間(jian)(jian)記錄析氣量。電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)完后，用(yong)萬分之(zhi)幾精度的(de)電(dian)(dian)量臺記錄放電(dian)(dian)容量。充(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)量是在計(ji)算紙(zhi)上讀出(chu)時間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)曲(qu)線(xian)與(yu)坐標(biao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)面積（電(dian)(dian)容量就(jiu)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)對(dui)時間(jian)(jian)的(de)定積分）。

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備注：該電池組30℃時，放電容量為10Ah。

得(de)到(dao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)據后，最感到(dao)驚異的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)幾乎與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)無關。很多(duo)人(ren)認(ren)為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池會(hui)充(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池會(hui)提(ti)前鹽化報廢，特(te)別是(shi)在冬(dong)季(ji)氣溫(wen)(wen)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)時候。而這(zhe)次試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)正(zheng)好是(shi)在冬(dong)季(ji)，水溫(wen)(wen)只(zhi)有(you)5℃，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)中心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值是(shi)44V，上下(xia)(xia)偏差(cha)1V，相(xiang)對(dui)誤差(cha)是(shi)2.3%。在用(yong)43V和45V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和放出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量相(xiang)差(cha)無幾，與(yu)大(da)(da)家(jia)公認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法大(da)(da)相(xiang)徑庭(ting)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)，輪番(fan)做同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)(shi)，實驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)據重(zhong)復同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)規律，可排(pai)除偶然因素干擾，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)據是(shi)準確可信的(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理上看(kan)，只(zhi)要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一直到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質轉換(huan)完(wan)成。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始由恒流區轉變到(dao)恒壓(ya)(ya)區，這(zhe)種轉變是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池自(zi)(zi)身充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量多(duo)少(shao)(shao)、活(huo)性物質反(fan)應了(le)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)決定的(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)，僅(jin)是(shi)能進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，只(zhi)要高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)少(shao)(shao)物質能參與(yu)反(fan)應由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池自(zi)(zi)身決定。從(cong)這(zhe)個思(si)路理解，就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)難得(de)出(chu)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)低(di)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量沒有(you)多(duo)大(da)(da)影響(xiang)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在42.5V～43.5V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)始析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)，而析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)速(su)度與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)關(guan)。到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，總析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)關(guan)，43V與(yu)45V總析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)相差(cha)10位（注(zhu)：以單格允(yun)許極限失水10克，18格相當(dang)240公升氣(qi)(qi)體，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)45V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)失水并(bing)不大）。 在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下(xia)降(jiang)區(qu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，只要降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到42.5V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)立即停止，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流稍(shao)小(xiao)一點，還(huan)會依著原(yuan)來的(de)規律下(xia)降(jiang)。

這里(li)對浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)討(tao)論一下。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)長期處于(yu)(yu)(yu)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下的鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組，如后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源上(shang)用(yong)的等(deng)，對浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)要求(qiu)是(shi)嚴格的。據(ju)國處文獻，浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有-0.2%溫度系(xi)數(shu)，浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏(pian)差(cha)太(tai)大(da)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池鹽化。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池屬循環使用(yong)，不(bu)是(shi)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)這種狀(zhuang)態(tai)，不(bu)應該用(yong)套(tao)用(yong)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)使用(yong)的條(tiao)件，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設定浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的目的僅是(shi)免于(yu)(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期大(da)量析氣(qi)失水，只要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到析氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)以下，但(dan)也不(bu)能低于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而停止向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面說過，在浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的走勢基本還是(shi)依著(zhu)原(yuan)曲線下降(jiang)，一般(ban)還補足5%的容量。所以浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應在的范(fan)圍是(shi)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)析氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后的開路(lu)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（約40V）。

浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，只(zhi)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)活性物質反應接近尾聲，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)自動(dong)下(xia)降到某一(yi)點(dian)(dian)時，切換(huan)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)號，不(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)人以為(wei)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)高了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)滿是(shi)(shi)概念不(bu)(bu)清(qing)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓只(zhi)要(yao)高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，都會(hui)(hui)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只(zhi)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)有(you)用(yong)(yong)戶看(kan)到指(zhi)示燈紅(hong)轉綠(lv)(lv)后(hou)提(ti)前去(qu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，這(zhe)種情況是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)多的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)夜間充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到早晨綠(lv)(lv)燈已亮了(le)(le)多時。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)廠家(jia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明書(shu)上(shang)(shang)提(ti)醒(xing)用(yong)(yong)戶，在轉綠(lv)(lv)燈后(hou)繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小時，是(shi)(shi)很(hen)好很(hen)正確的(de)(de)(de)。所以沒有(you)必要(yao)刻意去(qu)追求浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換(huan)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)高低，一(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約為(wei)50mA，失(shi)(shi)水以后(hou)，酸比(bi)增高，那(nei)時可達(da)500 mA以上(shang)(shang)。從析氣速(su)率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)關系上(shang)(shang)來(lai)看(kan)（上(shang)(shang)圖），早點(dian)(dian)脫離(li)析氣區為(wei)好，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)可以減少(shao)(shao)析氣量(liang)，另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)一(yi)段時間，末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增高，但(dan)還(huan)能低于(yu)我們設定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直在最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)，大量(liang)失(shi)(shi)水，引發熱控，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。有(you)人固執地強調，浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換(huan)點(dian)(dian)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)欠(qian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前面(mian)已討(tao)論過(guo)，切換(huan)到浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后(hou)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)(le)，還(huan)會(hui)(hui)繼(ji)續對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)適當高一(yi)點(dian)(dian)有(you)利于(yu)避免(mian)過(guo)分(fen)失(shi)(shi)水和熱失(shi)(shi)控。

至(zhi)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)設定(ding)，先看一(yi)下電(dian)(dian)池制造廠家對(dui)10Ah（12Ah）吸附式(shi)小(xiao)型密封電(dian)(dian)池對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)技術要(yao)求，通常規定(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)不要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)0.3C，相當(dang)于(yu)4A電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)2A左右，遠離極(ji)限充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)范圍內(nei)大(da)(da)(da)一(yi)點、小(xiao)一(yi)點，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間長(chang)一(yi)點、短一(yi)點，沒有(you)很高的(de)(de)要(yao)求，有(you)10%的(de)(de)誤差就行了，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)取樣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)精(jing)度(du)是5%，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)不會高于(yu)此。

總而(er)言之，不管哪家生產的(de)鉛酸閥控吸附(fu)式小(xiao)密封電(dian)(dian)池，其基本結構(gou)是(shi)完全一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)，僅極(ji)板、框架、滲入的(de)微量元素、漿料配方、硫(liu)酸濃度等(deng)有此微小(xiao)差異，而(er)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)方面都是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)，也就(jiu)是(shi)說它(ta)們(men)單體的(de)端電(dian)(dian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓、充放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流密度（動(dong)力型）、開始析氣電(dian)(dian)壓點等(deng)，不會有顯(xian)著的(de)差異。一(yi)(yi)個按照前面所(suo)討論的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可(ke)適應(ying)所(suo)有品牌的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，不存在(zai)匹配問(wen)題。

鉛酸蓄電池充(chong)電器認識誤(wu)區

1、最高充電(dian)電(dian)壓與充入電(dian)量關系不大。

2、浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與充(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)量沒關系，只要(yao)高于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大開路端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，低于(yu)(yu)開始析氣點電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就行了。

3、浮充轉換電(dian)流(liu)，僅是切換最高充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)到浮充電(dian)壓(ya)的設定點，不宜過小或過大，與充電(dian)量也沒關(guan)系。

4、充電電流(liu)只要(yao)不超過0.3C(對(dui)10Ah相應為(wei)4A)都是允許的，不必要(yao)嚴格(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)。

所以，對于36V閥控式吸附式小密封電池(chi)組充電參(can)數(shu)推(tui)薦如下：

最高電壓(ya)：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉換(huan)電流(liu)：300mA～500Ma

浮(fu)充電壓：41V～42V

充電電流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)些認識誤區進行的試驗(yan)(yan)和分析，通(tong)過以上的試驗(yan)(yan)和分析能使廣大消費者(zhe)知道鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)中(zhong)應注意的一(yi)(yi)些問題，以更好地(di)正確使用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器。