一、什么是雞尾酒式唱法
雞尾酒唱(chang)法,指的(de)是(shi)(shi)真(zhen)假(jia)音(yin)(yin)重疊的(de)混聲唱(chang)法,是(shi)(shi)華(hua)語(yu)樂(le)壇(tan)歌手林(lin)志炫(xuan)發明的(de)流(liu)行唱(chang)法。林(lin)志炫(xuan)是(shi)(shi)華(hua)語(yu)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)公認(ren)的(de)超一流(liu)實力(li)唱(chang)將(jiang),他(ta)的(de)聲音(yin)(yin)高亢優美,被譽為“天籟男聲”。流(liu)暢的(de)真(zhen)假(jia)音(yin)(yin)轉(zhuan)換讓人嘖(ze)嘖(ze)稱奇(qi),林(lin)志炫(xuan)將(jiang)其稱為“雞尾酒唱(chang)法”。
二、唱法特點
雞尾(wei)酒唱法最主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)特(te)點,就是將(jiang)真聲(sheng)和(he)(he)假聲(sheng)的(de)(de)兩種(zhong)唱法混(hun)合著靈(ling)活運用,從而(er)(er)獲(huo)得(de)聲(sheng)音(yin)通(tong)暢,圓潤甜美(mei),美(mei)妙動聽(ting)的(de)(de)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)唱效果(guo)。這種(zhong)唱法可以獲(huo)得(de)有氣息支持的(de)(de),聲(sheng)區(qu)轉(zhuan)換自(zi)然統一的(de)(de),音(yin)域寬廣的(de)(de)聲(sheng)音(yin),從而(er)(er)使(shi)得(de)音(yin)色(se)明亮和(he)(he)立(li)體,歌(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)富有穿透力。而(er)(er)獲(huo)得(de)混(hun)聲(sheng)的(de)(de)關鍵和(he)(he)難(nan)點在(zai)于,歌(ge)(ge)(ge)者(zhe)不(bu)僅要(yao)正確地控制氣息,巧妙地調節好各個共(gong)鳴(ming)腔體,使(shi)得(de)真聲(sheng)、假聲(sheng)和(he)(he)混(hun)聲(sheng)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)音(yin)和(he)(he)諧(xie)統一,還必須(xu)兼顧好唱腔和(he)(he)咬字,同時把握(wo)好多個維度,立(li)體地表(biao)達歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)的(de)(de)情感(gan),才能使(shi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)富有彈性和(he)(he)層(ceng)次,引起聽(ting)眾與歌(ge)(ge)(ge)者(zhe)聽(ting)覺和(he)(he)情感(gan)上的(de)(de)共(gong)鳴(ming)。
三、原理解析
林志炫在歌唱的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)音(yin)(yin)部分,只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)真聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)假聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)來處(chu)(chu)理,都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)出現不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)完美的(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)。除了極少數天(tian)生真音(yin)(yin)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)人,可(ke)以很(hen)自然地(di)在高(gao)(gao)音(yin)(yin)區用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)真音(yin)(yin)進(jin)行表達,對于(yu)大(da)部分人而(er)言,如果(guo)始終只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)真聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅音(yin)(yin)高(gao)(gao)難達到、音(yin)(yin)色不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠悅耳,而(er)且由于(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai)一(yi)直處(chu)(chu)于(yu)拉緊的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態唱高(gao)(gao)音(yin)(yin),很(hen)容易造成脫(tuo)離(li)氣息(xi)的(de)(de)喊(han)叫,帶(dai)給(gei)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai)較重的(de)(de)負擔。另一(yi)方(fang)面,如果(guo)只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)假聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)處(chu)(chu)理,由于(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)閉合,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)力(li)(li),所以多數人很(hen)難兼顧音(yin)(yin)色和咬字,而(er)且久(jiu)而(er)久(jiu)之,聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai)功能(neng)(neng)還會(hui)減弱而(er)失去(qu)彈(dan)力(li)(li)。再(zai)加上(shang)氣息(xi)控制能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)差,得不(bu)(bu)(bu)到呼吸的(de)(de)支持,所以絕大(da)部分人的(de)(de)假音(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅音(yin)(yin)色暗淡、力(li)(li)度單薄。
一種科學的處理方法(fa)是,將真(zhen)假聲混(hun)合著應用,即混(hun)聲唱法(fa)。假聲要以真(zhen)聲為基礎,真(zhen)聲要以假聲為基礎,高音(yin)掛上(shang)胸腔(qiang),低音(yin)掛上(shang)頭腔(qiang);高音(yin)有(you)濃(nong)厚的真(zhen)聲色彩,低音(yin)有(you)假聲成(cheng)分。
聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)樂學的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種看法(fa)認為(wei),混(hun)(hun)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)唱(chang)(chang)法(fa)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)頭(tou)腔(qiang)(qiang)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)和胸(xiong)腔(qiang)(qiang)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)唱(chang)(chang)法(fa),是(shi)對聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai)發(fa)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)時機能(neng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)按(an)規律(lv)的(de)(de)具(ju)體實踐。真聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming),主要是(shi)來自鼻腔(qiang)(qiang),再(zai)高(gao)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)到頭(tou)腔(qiang)(qiang),氣息出來,除了帶(dai)動聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai)震顫(zhan)之外還(huan)要產(chan)生鼻腔(qiang)(qiang)和頭(tou)腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)。假(jia)(jia)(jia)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)靠收(shou)縮聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶(dai),使其局(ju)部(bu)振(zhen)動,所以頻率很高(gao)。這(zhe)種假(jia)(jia)(jia)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)人們平時說的(de)(de)“小嗓子(zi)”,大部(bu)分人都會。從理(li)論上來說,任(ren)何一(yi)(yi)個音(yin)都可(ke)以處(chu)理(li)成混(hun)(hun)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效果,譬如發(fa)低音(yin)時避免(mian)全用(yong)(yong)真聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(胸(xiong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)(qu)),發(fa)高(gao)音(yin)時避免(mian)全用(yong)(yong)假(jia)(jia)(jia)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(頭(tou)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)(qu))。這(zhe)樣兩個聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)(qu)比例(li)恰(qia)當,靈活應(ying)用(yong)(yong),就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)把(ba)真假(jia)(jia)(jia)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)比例(li)調整到一(yi)(yi)種平衡的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)之下,做到頭(tou)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)(qu)里(li)(li)有胸(xiong)腔(qiang)(qiang)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming),胸(xiong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)(qu)里(li)(li)有頭(tou)腔(qiang)(qiang)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming),從而發(fa)揮兩個共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)腔(qiang)(qiang)體混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)共(gong)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)。
假如(ru)在(zai)混聲(sheng)的(de)時候不(bu)僅(jin)做到比例恰(qia)當(dang),還(huan)能夠將真(zhen)聲(sheng)、假聲(sheng)、混聲(sheng)三(san)種(zhong)唱(chang)法自然地進行(xing)過渡,實現無縫(feng)轉換,聲(sheng)音(yin)就會更加統(tong)一,獲得更加流(liu)暢均勻,明亮甜美的(de)聲(sheng)音(yin)。雞尾酒唱(chang)法就是混聲(sheng)唱(chang)法的(de)這種(zhong)進階版。