手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護板(ban)，顧名思(si)義(yi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護板(ban)主要(yao)是針對可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)（一般指鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池）起保(bao)護作用的(de)(de)集成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)。 鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池（可充(chong)型）之所以需要(yao)保(bao)護，是由它(ta)本身特性決定(ding)的(de)(de)。由于(yu)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池本身的(de)(de)材料決定(ding)了它(ta)不能(neng)被過充(chong)、過放、過流(liu)、短路(lu)及超高溫充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)，因此鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)組(zu)件(jian)總會跟(gen)著一塊帶(dai)采樣電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)保(bao)護板(ban)和一片電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)險器出(chu)現。

定義

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)保(bao)護功能通常由(you)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)板(ban)和PTC或(huo)(huo)TCO等電(dian)(dian)流(liu)器件(jian)協同完成(cheng)，保(bao)護板(ban)是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)組成(cheng)，在(zai)-40℃至+85℃的(de)環(huan)境下(xia)時刻準確的(de)監視電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和充放回路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即時控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)通斷(duan)；PTC或(huo)(huo)TCO在(zai)高(gao)溫環(huan)境下(xia)防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發生惡劣(lie)的(de)損壞(huai)。

保護板(ban)通(tong)(tong)常包括控制IC、MOS開關(guan)、JEPSUN捷比信精密電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)及輔助器件NTC、ID存儲(chu)器,PCB等。其中控制IC，在一切正常的(de)情(qing)況下控制MOS開關(guan)導通(tong)(tong)，使電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)與(yu)外電(dian)(dian)路溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，而當(dang)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)壓或回路電(dian)(dian)流超過規定值時，它立刻(ke)（數十毫(hao)秒）控制MOS開關(guan)關(guan)斷(duan)，保護電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)安全。

NTC是(shi)Negative temperature coefficient的(de)縮寫，意即(ji)負溫(wen)度(du)系數，在環境溫(wen)度(du)升高(gao)時(shi)，其(qi)阻值(zhi)降低(di)，使用電設備或充(chong)電設備及時(shi)反(fan)應、控制內部(bu)中(zhong)斷而停(ting)止充(chong)放電。

ID存儲器(qi)常為單線接口存儲器(qi)，ID是Identification 的縮寫即身份識別(bie)的意思(si)，存儲電(dian)池(chi)種類、生產(chan)日期等信息。可起到產(chan)品的可追(zhui)溯和應(ying)用的限(xian)制。

PTC是英文Positive Temperature Coefficient的縮寫，意思(si)是正溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數。專業里面通(tong)常(chang)把正溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數器(qi)件簡稱(cheng)為(wei)PTC，電池產品里PTC可以防止電池高溫(wen)(wen)放電和不安全(quan)的大電流(liu)的發生，根據電池的電壓、電流(liu)密(mi)度特性和應(ying)用環境(jing)，對PTC有專門(men)的要(yao)求。

PTC是電池組件(jian)產(chan)品(pin)里一(yi)個非(fei)常(chang)重要的(de)部件(jian)，對電池的(de)安全擔負著重要使命，它本身(shen)的(de)性(xing)能和(he)品(pin)質也是電池組性(xing)能和(he)品(pin)質的(de)一(yi)個重要因數。

保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)對(dui)(dui)單(dan)(dan)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保護(hu)(hu)時(shi)，保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)計會相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)簡單(dan)(dan)，技術(shu)性(xing)較高(gao)(gao)的地方在于，比如對(dui)(dui)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)計需要(yao)注意的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓平臺(tai)問題，動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在使(shi)用中往往被要(yao)求很大(da)的平臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)計保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)時(shi)盡量(liang)使(shi)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，這樣(yang)對(dui)(dui)控制IC，精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等元件的要(yao)求就會很高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般國產(chan)IC能滿(man)足大(da)多數產(chan)品要(yao)求，特殊可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用進口產(chan)品，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流采(cai)樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻則(ze)(ze)需要(yao)使(shi)用JEPSUN捷比信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足高(gao)(gao)精密度，低溫度系數，無感等要(yao)求。對(dui)(dui)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)計，則(ze)(ze)有更(geng)高(gao)(gao)的技術(shu)要(yao)求，按(an)照不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的需要(yao)，設(she)(she)計復(fu)雜程度各不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同的產(chan)品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過(guo)(guo)充保(bao)護(hu)　2、過(guo)(guo)放保(bao)護(hu)　3、過(guo)(guo)流、短路保(bao)護(hu)

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用原配的直(zhi)沖在手機上直(zhi)接充電(dian)，會把電(dian)池保護板的保護電(dian)路自(zi)動沖開。

2、把電池的正負極(ji)瞬間(jian)短路，看到電極(ji)片上有(you)火花就(jiu)行了，多試幾(ji)次，然后(hou)再用直(zhi)充(chong)充(chong)電。

3、找個(ge)5V的直流電，用(yong)正負(fu)極輕觸電池的正負(fu)極，多試幾(ji)次，再用(yong)原充電器(qi)充。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰電(dian)池保護板根據(ju)使用IC,電(dian)壓等不同(tong)(tong)而電(dian)路及參數有所不同(tong)(tong),常(chang)用的保護IC有8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等，其中精(jing)工的8261系列(lie)精(jing)度更(geng)好，當然(ran)價錢也更(geng)貴。后面(mian)幾種都(dou)是臺(tai)灣出的，國內次(ci)級市場基本(ben)都(dou)用DW01+和CS213了，下面(mian)以(yi)DW01+ 配(pei)MOS管8205A（8pin）進(jin)行講解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)2.5V至4.3V之間時，DW01 的第(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao)、第(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)均(jun)輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(等于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)，第(di)(di)二腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0V。此(ci)時DW01 的第(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao) 、第(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將分別(bie)加到8205A的第(di)(di)5、4腳(jiao)(jiao)，8205A內的兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關因(yin)其G極(ji)接到來自DW01 的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，故均(jun)處于(yu)導通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，即兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關均(jun)處于(yu)開(kai)狀(zhuang)態。此(ci)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的負極(ji)與保(bao)護板的P-端相當于(yu)直接連(lian)通(tong)，保(bao)護板有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)通過(guo)外接的(de)負(fu)載進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)慢慢降低，同時(shi)DW01 內部將(jiang)通過(guo)R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)降到(dao)(dao)約2.3V時(shi)DW01 將(jiang)認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已處(chu)于過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，便(bian)立即斷(duan)(duan)開第(di)1腳(jiao)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)第(di)1腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變為(wei)0V，8205A內的(de)開關管(guan)因(yin)第(di)5腳(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而關閉。此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)B-與(yu)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)P-之間(jian)處(chu)于斷(duan)(duan)開狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路被(bei)切斷(duan)(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)將(jiang)停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)處(chu)于過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)并一直保持。等到(dao)(dao)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)P 與(yu)P-間(jian)接上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)，DW01 經(jing)B-檢(jian)測到(dao)(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)便(bian)立即停(ting)止過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，重新(xin)在第(di)1腳(jiao)輸(shu)出高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)8205A內的(de)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)管(guan)導通，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)B-與(yu)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)P-又重新(xin)接上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)越來(lai)越高(gao)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升高(gao)到(dao)4.4V時(shi)(shi)(shi)，DW01 將(jiang)(jiang)認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已處(chu)于(yu)(yu)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，便立(li)即(ji)斷(duan)開(kai)第(di)(di)(di)3腳(jiao)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)第(di)(di)(di)3腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)為0V，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)因第(di)(di)(di)4腳(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)板的(de)(de)P-之(zhi)間處(chu)于(yu)(yu)斷(duan)開(kai)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路被(bei)切斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)護(hu)板處(chu)于(yu)(yu)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態并一直保(bao)持。等到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)板的(de)(de)P 與(yu)P-間接上放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載后，因此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)雖然過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi),但其內(nei)部的(de)(de)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)正方向(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路的(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)相同,故(gu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路可以進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)被(bei)放(fang)(fang)到(dao)低于(yu)(yu)4.3V時(shi)(shi)(shi)，DW01 停止過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態重新在第(di)(di)(di)3腳(jiao)輸出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管(guan)(guan)導通，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)板P-又重新接上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)又能(neng)進行正常的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在保(bao)護板對外放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中，8205A內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關(guan)并不完(wan)全等效于兩個機械開(kai)關(guan)，而(er)是(shi)等效于兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并稱(cheng)為8205A的(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)， 每個開(kai)關(guan)的(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)約為30mU 03a9共約為60mU 03a9，加在G極(ji)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)直(zhi)接控(kong)制每個開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)導通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)于1V時(shi)，開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)小(xiao)(幾十毫歐)，相(xiang)當于開(kai)關(guan)閉合，當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)于0.7V以下時(shi)，開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)大(da)(幾MΩ)，相(xiang)當于開(kai)關(guan)斷開(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)UA就是(shi)8205A的(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增大(da)則(ze)UA必(bi)然(ran)增大(da),因UA0.006L×IUA又稱(cheng)為8205A的(de)管(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降，UA可(ke)以簡接表明放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)。上(shang)升到0.2V時(shi)便認為負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)到達了極(ji)限值，于是(shi)停止第(di)1腳(jiao)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第(di)1腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)為0V、8205A內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管(guan)(guan)關(guan)閉，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)，將關(guan)斷放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管(guan)(guan)。換言之DW01 允許輸(shu)出的(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)3.3A，實(shi)現了過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路保護(hu)(hu)是過(guo)電(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)的一種極限形式，其控制(zhi)過(guo)程及原(yuan)理與過(guo)電(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)一樣，短路只是在相當(dang)于在P P-間(jian)加上一個阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)小的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(約為0Ω)使保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)的負載電(dian)流瞬時達到(dao)10A以上，保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)立即進(jin)行過(guo)電(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)。

發展前景

由于近幾年的(de)(de)動力鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)飛速發展，無論是(shi)生產工藝(yi)還(huan)是(shi)材料(liao)技術(shu)改進上，或(huo)價格(ge)的(de)(de)優勢，都有(you)相當大的(de)(de)突破，因(yin)此它也為多并(bing)多串打下堅實的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。替代(dai)鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)時代(dai)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)近。無論電(dian)動自行車還(huan)是(shi)后備電(dian)源，它的(de)(de)市(shi)場占有(you)率(lv)自然也開始(shi)瘋(feng)狂(kuang)擴大，這是(shi)不(bu)可否(fou)認的(de)(de)事實。那(nei)么(me)，為了電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)安全與(yu)壽命，鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)保護自然也少不(bu)了，此時保護板(ban)在電(dian)池(chi)包內也是(shi)一個非常核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)部件之一。

理論(lun)上來(lai)講，動(dong)力多(duo)(duo)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護(hu)(hu)板已經(jing)(jing)沒有(you)(you)太多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術含量了，比如電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)軟(ruan)件處理，有(you)(you)太多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。其主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)保護(hu)(hu)部分如何(he)做到(dao)(dao)(dao)穩定，可靠，更安(an)(an)全，更實用(yong)(yong)，當(dang)然價格(ge)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)其中之一(yi)。想(xiang)要真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)把(ba)它做好，那是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)件非常(chang)復雜(za)細心而又漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪回工(gong)作(zuo)。如果要按經(jing)(jing)驗與(yu)技(ji)術值的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比比值的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，技(ji)術只占(zhan)20% 。經(jing)(jing)驗要占(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)80% 。做好動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護(hu)(hu)板沒有(you)(you)個(ge)三五(wu)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)然做好與(yu)能做是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩回事(shi)。為什么會(hui)有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)結論(lun)呢?這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)。說實話(hua)，保護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)并不復雜(za)，只要在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)行(xing)業工(gong)作(zuo)了一(yi)兩年，設計(ji)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)抄襲人家一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么難(nan)事(shi)。比如：多(duo)(duo)串(chuan)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)他主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，高內阻工(gong)作(zuo)(微電(dian)(dian)(dian)流)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包工(gong)作(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)量等(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)都(dou)牽(qian)扯到(dao)(dao)(dao)多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)專業綜合經(jing)(jing)驗。大到(dao)(dao)(dao)要對整個(ge)PACK的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解，小(xiao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容或晶(jing)體管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選型,或是(shi)(shi)(shi)布板時的(de)(de)(de)(de)注意細節。總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)句話(hua)，保護(hu)(hu)板主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)穩定，可靠，安(an)(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)安(an)(an)全使用(yong)(yong)或使用(yong)(yong)得更久，其它添(tian)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)特有(you)(you)技(ji)術與(yu)功能，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)浮云。

主要作用

1.電壓(ya)保護：過充，過放，這要根據電池的材(cai)料不同而有所改變，這點看似簡(jian)單，但要細(xi)節上來看，還是(shi)有經驗學問的。

過充保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，在(zai)我們以(yi)(yi)往的(de)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都會(hui)高(gao)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)50~150mV。但是動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)一(yi)樣，如果你要(yao)(yao)想(xiang)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命，你的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，甚至還要(yao)(yao)比此電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)還低些。比如錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)選(xuan)擇4.18V~4.2V。因為它是多(duo)串數的(de)，整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命容(rong)(rong)量主要(yao)(yao)是以(yi)(yi)容(rong)(rong)量最低的(de)那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)準，小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)總是在(zai)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工作，所以(yi)(yi)衰(shuai)減加快(kuai)。而大(da)容(rong)(rong)量每次都是輕充輕放，自然衰(shuai)減要(yao)(yao)慢得多(duo)了。為了讓小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)是輕充輕放，所以(yi)(yi)過充保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點不(bu)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇太高(gao)。這個(ge)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)延時可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)影響(xiang)從(cong)而保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有關，如錳(meng)鋰(li)電(dian)池一般選擇(ze)在2.8V~3.0V。盡量要比它單顆(ke)電(dian)池過(guo)放的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)稍高點。因(yin)為(wei)，在國內生產的(de)(de)電(dian)池，電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)低于3.3V后，各顆(ke)電(dian)池的(de)(de)放電(dian)特性完全不一，因(yin)此是(shi)(shi)提前保護電(dian)池，這樣對電(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命是(shi)(shi)一個很(hen)好的(de)(de)保護。

總的一(yi)點就是盡量讓每一(yi)顆電(dian)(dian)池都工(gong)作在輕充輕放下工(gong)作，一(yi)定是對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池的壽命是一(yi)個幫助。

過放(fang)保(bao)護延滯時間(jian)，它要根據負載的(de)(de)不同(tong)而有(you)所改變(bian)，比如電動工具類的(de)(de)，他的(de)(de)啟動電流(liu)一般都在10C以(yi)上(shang)，因(yin)此會在短(duan)時間(jian)內(nei)把電池的(de)(de)電壓拉到過放(fang)電壓點從而保(bao)護。此時無法讓電池工作。這是值得注意的(de)(de)地方。

2.電流保(bao)護：它主要體現在工作電流與過電流使開關(guan)MOS斷開從而保(bao)護電池組或負載(zai)。

MOS管(guan)的損壞主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)度急(ji)劇升高(gao)，它的發(fa)熱也(ye)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)流的大(da)小(xiao)及 本身(shen)的內阻來決(jue)定的，當然小(xiao)電(dian)流，對MOS沒什么影響，但是(shi)(shi)大(da)電(dian)流呢，這個就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)好(hao)好(hao)做些處理了， 在通過額定電(dian)流時，小(xiao)電(dian)流10A以下，我們可以直(zhi)接(jie)用電(dian)壓來驅動(dong)MOS管(guan)。大(da)電(dian)流，一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)加驅動(dong)，給MOS足(zu)夠大(da)的驅動(dong)電(dian)流。以下在MOS管(guan)驅動(dong)有講到

工作電流，在設計(ji)的時(shi)候(hou)，MOS管上不能存在超(chao)過0.3W的功率(lv)。計(ji)算工式：I2*R/N。R為(wei)MOS的內阻，N為(wei)MOS的數量。如果功率(lv)超(chao)過，MOS會(hui)產生25度以(yi)上的溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)，又因它們都是(shi)密封的,就算有(you)散熱(re)片，長(chang)時(shi)間工作時(shi)，溫(wen)(wen)度還(huan)是(shi)會(hui)上去，因為(wei)他沒(mei)地(di)方可散熱(re)。當然MOS管是(shi)沒(mei)任何問(wen)題，問(wen)題是(shi)他產生熱(re)量會(hui)影響到電池，畢竟保(bao)護板(ban)是(shi)與(yu)電池放在一起的。

過流(liu)保護(最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))，此項(xiang)是保護板必不(bu)可少(shao)的(de)，非常關(guan)鍵的(de)一個保護參數(shu)。保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)與MOS的(de)功率(lv)息息相關(guan)，因此在(zai)設計時，要盡量(liang)給出(chu)MOS能(neng)力的(de)余(yu)量(liang)。在(zai)布板的(de)時候，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測點一定要選好位置，不(bu)能(neng)只接通(tong)就行，這需要經驗值(zhi)。一般建(jian)議接在(zai)檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)中間端(duan)。還要注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測端(duan)的(de)干擾問題(ti)，因為它的(de)信號很容(rong)易受到干擾。

過流保護延時，它(ta)也是要根不同的(de)產品做相應的(de)調整。在此不多說了。

3.短路(lu)保護：嚴格來講，他(ta)是一個(ge)電壓(ya)比(bi)較型的(de)(de)保護，也就是講是用電壓(ya)的(de)(de)比(bi)較直接關斷或驅(qu)動的(de)(de)，不要經(jing)過多余的(de)(de)處理。

短(duan)路延時(shi)的設置也很關鍵，因為在(zai)我(wo)們(men)的產品(pin)中，輸入濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)都(dou)是很大的，在(zai)接(jie)觸時(shi)第一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時(shi)就相當于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路來給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4.溫度保(bao)護：一(yi)般在智能電(dian)池上都(dou)會用到，也是(shi)不可少(shao)的。但(dan)往(wang)往(wang)它(ta)的完美總會帶來(lai)(lai)另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面的不足。我們(men)主要是(shi)檢測電(dian)池的溫度來(lai)(lai)斷開總開關來(lai)(lai)保(bao)護電(dian)池本身或(huo)負載。如果是(shi)在一(yi)個恒定(ding)的環(huan)境條件下(xia)，當(dang)然(ran)不會有什么問題。由于(yu)電(dian)池的工(gong)作環(huan)境是(shi)我們(men)不可控的，太多(duo)太復雜(za)的變化，因此(ci)不好選擇。如在北(bei)方(fang)的冬(dong)天(tian)，我們(men)定(ding)在多(duo)少(shao)合(he)適?又如夏天(tian)的南方(fang)地區(qu)，又定(ding)多(duo)少(shao)合(he)適?顯然(ran)范圍太寬不可控的因素太多(duo)，仁(ren)者見仁(ren)，智者見智的去選擇了。

5.MOS保護(hu)：主要是MOS的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)流與溫(wen)度。當然(ran)就是牽扯(che)到MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)型了。MOS的(de)(de)(de)耐壓(ya)當然(ran)要超(chao)過電(dian)池組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，這(zhe)是必須(xu)的(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)流講的(de)(de)(de)是在通過額定電(dian)流時MOS管(guan)體上的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)升了一般不(bu)超(chao)過25度的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)升，個人經驗值，只供參(can)考。

MOS的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)，也許會有(you)的(de)人(ren)會講(jiang)，我有(you)用低內阻大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)MOS管(guan)(guan)，但為何還有(you)蠻高的(de)溫度(du)?這(zhe)是MOS管(guan)(guan)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)部分沒(mei)有(you)做好，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)MOS要有(you)足夠大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，具體多(duo)大(da)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，要根據(ju)功(gong)率MOS管(guan)(guan)的(de)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)來定(ding)。因此，一(yi)般的(de)過流(liu)(liu)與短(duan)(duan)路驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)都不能(neng)用芯(xin)片直接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)，一(yi)定(ding)要外加(jia)。在(zai)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(超(chao)過50A)工作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)定(ding)要做到(dao)(dao)多(duo)級多(duo)路驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)，才(cai)能(neng)保(bao)證MOS的(de)同一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間同一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)正(zheng)常打(da)開與關閉。因為MOS管(guan)(guan)有(you)一(yi)個輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)， MOS管(guan)(guan)功(gong)率,電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大(da)，輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)也就越大(da)，如果沒(mei)有(you)足夠的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，不會在(zai)短(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間做出完整的(de)控制。尤其(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)過50A時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)設計上(shang)更要細化，一(yi)定(ding)要做到(dao)(dao)多(duo)級多(duo)路驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)控制。這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)保(bao)證MOS的(de)正(zheng)常過流(liu)(liu)與短(duan)(duan)路保(bao)護。

MOS電(dian)流平衡，主要(yao)講的是(shi)多顆MOS并起來用時，要(yao)讓每(mei)一顆MOS管(guan)通過(guo)的電(dian)流，打(da)開與關閉時間都是(shi)一致的。這(zhe)就要(yao)在畫板方面(mian)入手了，它(ta)們的輸入輸出(chu)一定要(yao)對(dui)稱，一定要(yao)保證每(mei)一個管(guan)子通過(guo)的電(dian)流是(shi)一致這(zhe)才是(shi)目的。

6.自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)量(liang), 這個(ge)參數是(shi)越(yue)小越(yue)好，最理想(xiang)的(de)(de)狀態是(shi)為(wei)零，但不(bu)可(ke)能做(zuo)到這一點。就是(shi)因為(wei)人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)想(xiang)把這個(ge)參數做(zuo)小，有很(hen)多人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求更低，甚至(zhi)離譜，我們想(xiang)想(xiang)，保護板上有芯片，它們是(shi)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)作的(de)(de)，可(ke)以做(zuo)到很(hen)低，但是(shi)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)呢(ni)?應該(gai)是(shi)在性(xing)能可(ke)靠(kao)完(wan)全(quan)OK的(de)(de)情況下再來考量(liang)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題(ti)。有些朋友也(ye)許進入了誤區(qu)，自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)分(fen)為(wei)整體(ti)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)和每一串(chuan)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)。

整體自(zi)耗電(dian)，如(ru)果在100~500uA都是沒(mei)什么問題的(de)，因為動力(li)電(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量本身就很大(da)。當然電(dian)動工具的(de)另外分析。如(ru)5AH的(de)電(dian)池，放電(dian)500uA，要放多久，因此對整個電(dian)池組來講是很微弱的(de)。

每(mei)串(chuan)(chuan)自耗(hao)電才最關(guan)鍵的，這(zhe)個也不可能為零，當然(ran)也是在性能完全可行情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)進行，但(dan)有一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，每(mei)一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的自耗(hao)電量(liang)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的差別(bie)不能超過5uA。這(zhe)點(dian)大家(jia)應該知道(dao)，如果(guo)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的自耗(hao)電不一(yi)(yi)時(shi)，那么在長(chang)時(shi)間擱置下(xia)(xia)，電池(chi)的容量(liang)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)會產生(sheng)變化的。

7.均(jun)衡(heng)：均(jun)衡(heng)這一塊是(shi)此(ci)文章(zhang)的(de)(de)論述的(de)(de)重點(dian)。目前最通(tong)用的(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)方式(shi)分為兩種(zhong)，一種(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)耗能式(shi)的(de)(de)，另一種(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)轉能式(shi)的(de)(de)。

A耗能式均衡，主要是把(ba)多串電池中某(mou)節電池的電量或電壓高的用電阻把(ba)多余的電能損耗掉。它(ta)也分如下三種(zhong)。

一(yi)，充電(dian)時時均衡，它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)是在(zai)充電(dian)時任何一(yi)顆電(dian)池的電(dian)壓(ya)高出所有(you)電(dian)池平(ping)均電(dian)壓(ya)時，它(ta)(ta)就啟動(dong)均衡，無論電(dian)池的電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)什么(me)范圍，它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)是應(ying)用在(zai)智能軟(ruan)件方案上(shang)。當(dang)然(ran)如何定義(yi)可以(yi)由軟(ruan)件任意調整。此方案的優點它(ta)(ta)能有(you)更多的時間去做(zuo)電(dian)池的電(dian)壓(ya)均衡。

二，電(dian)(dian)壓定點均(jun)衡(heng)，就是把均(jun)衡(heng)啟動定在一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓點上，如錳(meng)鋰電(dian)(dian)池，很多就定在4.2V開始(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)。這種方式(shi)只是在電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的末端進行，所以均(jun)衡(heng)時間較(jiao)短，用處可想而知(zhi)。

三，靜態(tai)自動均(jun)(jun)衡，它(ta)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)在充(chong)電的(de)過程(cheng)中進行(xing)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)在放電時進行(xing)，更有特(te)點的(de)是(shi)，電池(chi)在靜態(tai)擱置時，如果(guo)電壓不一致時，它(ta)也(ye)在均(jun)(jun)衡著，直到(dao)電池(chi)的(de)電壓達到(dao)一致。但有人認為(wei)(wei)，電池(chi)都(dou)沒(mei)工作了(le)，為(wei)(wei)什么保護板還是(shi)在發熱呢?

以(yi)上三種方式都以(yi)是(shi)參考電壓來實(shi)現(xian)均衡(heng)的。但是(shi)，電池電壓高(gao)不一定代表容(rong)量就高(gao)，也許截然相反。以(yi)下論述。

其優(you)點就是成本低，設(she)計簡單，在電池(chi)電壓不一致時能起到一定的(de)作用，主要體現在電池(chi)長(chang)時間擱置自耗引起的(de)電壓不一致。理(li)論上是有微弱的(de)可行(xing)性。

缺點，電路復雜(za)，元件多，溫度高，防靜電差，故障(zhang)率高。

具體探討如下。

當新單(dan)體(ti)(ti)電池分容(rong)(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)分內(nei)阻過后組成PACK，總會有各別的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)偏(pian)低(di)(di)，而(er)(er)往(wang)往(wang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)最低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)那顆單(dan)體(ti)(ti)，在充電的(de)(de)(de)過程中電壓(ya)一定(ding)是上升最快的(de)(de)(de)，也是它最先(xian)到達啟動均衡(heng)電壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)，此時，大(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)還(huan)沒達到電壓(ya)點而(er)(er)沒有啟動均衡(heng)，小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)確開始(shi)均衡(heng)了，這(zhe)樣每一次的(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)工作，這(zhe)顆小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)一直處于飽充飽放的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態下工作，而(er)(er)它也是衰老最快的(de)(de)(de)，同時內(nei)阻自(zi)然也會慢慢的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)其它的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)增高，從而(er)(er)形成一個惡性循環(huan)。這(zhe)是一個極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)弊端(duan)。

元件越(yue)多，故障率自然就高了。

溫(wen)度，可(ke)(ke)想而知，耗(hao)能(neng)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)想把所謂多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量用電(dian)阻以(yi)發熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式來(lai)耗(hao)掉多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)，它(ta)(ta)確成了名副其實發熱源。而高(gao)溫(wen)對電(dian)芯本(ben)身來(lai)講是(shi)非常致命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個相當(dang)因素(su)，它(ta)(ta)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會讓電(dian)池(chi)燃燒，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會引起(qi)電(dian)池(chi)爆炸。本(ben)來(lai)我們是(shi)在想盡一切辦法去(qu)減少整(zheng)個電(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度產生，而耗(hao)能(neng)均衡呢?同時(shi)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度高(gao)得驚人，大家可(ke)(ke)以(yi)去(qu)測試一下，當(dang)然是(shi)在全封閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)下。總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)說，它(ta)(ta)是(shi)一個發熱體，熱是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致命(ming)天敵(di)。

靜(jing)電，我(wo)個人設計保護板時，從(cong)來(lai)不(bu)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)MOS管，哪怕一(yi)顆都不(bu)用(yong)。因為(wei)本人在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)塊吃過(guo)太多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虧了。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)MOS管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電問題。先(xian)不(bu)說(shuo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS在(zai)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)，就(jiu)說(shuo)在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)PCBA貼(tie)片時，如(ru)(ru)果車間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕度低于60%，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS生產(chan)(chan)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良率都會(hui)超過(guo)10%以上(shang)，然(ran)后再濕度調到(dao)80%。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良率為(wei)零。可以試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)要(yao)表明(ming)一(yi)個什么(me)問題呢(ni)?如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬天，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS是(shi)(shi)否(fou)能通過(guo)，這(zhe)需要(yao)時間(jian)來(lai)驗證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。再有，MOS管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai)只有短路(lu)，如(ru)(ru)果短路(lu)那可想而知，就(jiu)意味著這(zhe)組(zu)電池馬上(shang)要(yao)損壞(huai)。更何況我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均衡上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS用(yong)得還不(bu)少呢(ni)。這(zhe)時有人會(hui)恍(huang)然(ran)，難怪退回(hui)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨，都是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)均衡壞(huai)掉而引起單體(ti)電池損壞(huai)，而且都是(shi)(shi)MOS壞(huai)掉了。這(zhe)時電芯廠(chang)與(yu)保護板廠(chang)開始扯皮(pi)了。是(shi)(shi)誰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯呢(ni)?

B能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)移式均衡(heng)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)讓大容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)方式轉(zhuan)移到(dao)小容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽起來(lai)感(gan)覺很智能(neng)很實用(yong)。它也(ye)分容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)時(shi)均衡(heng)與容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)點均衡(heng)。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)來(lai)做均衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好像沒考慮到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。可以(yi)想想，以(yi)10AH的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組為(wei)例，假如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)顆容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)10.1AH，一(yi)顆容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小點的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)9.8AH，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)2A，能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)0.5A。這(zhe)時(shi)10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)要給小容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)補進去了，可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多少呢?顯然會比其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升得更(geng)快，如(ru)果(guo)到(dao)了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定(ding)會大大提前過充(chong)(chong)保護，在(zai)每(mei)一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)在(zai)深充(chong)(chong)深放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)狀態。而(er)其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)充(chong)(chong)飽(bao)，不確定(ding)因素太(tai)多。微弱直(zhi)(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)小分析到(dao)這(zhe)，分析太(tai)多怕不知所云。

其它相關

如果堅持要用到(dao)(dao)均衡(heng)(heng)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，我可以斷(duan)定此人(ren)(ren)沒有(you)(you)大批(pi)量(liang)生產(chan)動(dong)力(li)(li)電池(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板或PACK的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗。如果有(you)(you)大批(pi)量(liang)生產(chan)過，他(ta)一定會(hui)在均衡(heng)(heng)上吃不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虧(kui)。個人(ren)(ren)認為，均衡(heng)(heng)利用保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板來實現，有(you)(you)點滑稽。因為保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板就是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它只做電池(chi)在最極端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候起(qi)到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用，它沒有(you)(you)能(neng)力(li)(li)去(qu)把電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)提高，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板只是(shi)一個被動(dong)部分(fen)，難道(dao)家里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)絲(si)或保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)開關能(neng)提高家里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電量(liang)？當然(ran)不可能(neng)。它只起(qi)到(dao)(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用。

電芯

電芯(xin)才(cai)是主動(dong)(dong)器件(jian),我們要提高的(de)(de)是電芯(xin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)性能與技(ji)術(shu),主要是一致(zhi)性。再說均(jun)衡做(zuo)在(zai)保護板(ban)上(shang)(shang)，不管是從(cong)理論上(shang)(shang)還是實(shi)際應(ying)用中，它有弊有利，但(dan)在(zai)理論上(shang)(shang)，均(jun)衡有一定的(de)(de)作用，但(dan)用處多(duo)大，顯然可見。為何？因(yin)為充(chong)電一般(ban)都(dou)是在(zai)2~10A的(de)(de)電流，而均(jun)衡我們最多(duo)只能做(zuo)到200mA。這個差別(bie)太多(duo)，同時有些均(jun)衡方案是在(zai)充(chong)電電壓的(de)(de)末端(duan)(duan)啟動(dong)(dong)，更顯得于(yu)事(shi)無補啊。而它有弊端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)一面，太多(duo)太多(duo)。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸出負(fu)極、充電負(fu)極、電池(chi)負(fu)極、必須按(an)順序接線，不要反接線路以免(mian)燒(shao)壞(huai)電路元(yuan)件

2、充(chong)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)，放電(dian)線(xian)(xian)，電(dian)池負(fu)極(ji)。盡量用粗線(xian)(xian)，否則會(hui)(hui)通不(bu)過(guo)(guo)大電(dian)流，會(hui)(hui)起到(dao)過(guo)(guo)流保護，造成電(dian)路不(bu)工作

3、電(dian)池正極輸出(chu)不(bu)用經過保(bao)護電(dian)路，直接連接輸出(chu)。