手機鋰電池保護板

電池保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)，顧名思(si)義鋰(li)(li)電池保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)針對(dui)可充(chong)電（一(yi)般(ban)指(zhi)鋰(li)(li)電池）起保(bao)(bao)護(hu)作用的(de)(de)集成電路板(ban)。 鋰(li)(li)電池（可充(chong)型）之所以需要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，是(shi)由它本(ben)身特性決(jue)定(ding)的(de)(de)。由于(yu)鋰(li)(li)電池本(ben)身的(de)(de)材料決(jue)定(ding)了它不能被過充(chong)、過放、過流、短路及超高(gao)溫充(chong)放電，因此鋰(li)(li)電池鋰(li)(li)電組(zu)件總會(hui)跟著一(yi)塊帶采樣電阻的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)和一(yi)片電流保(bao)(bao)險器出現。

定義

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)保護(hu)功能通常由保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板和PTC或(huo)TCO等電(dian)(dian)(dian)流器件協同完成(cheng)，保護(hu)板是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成(cheng)，在(zai)-40℃至(zhi)+85℃的(de)(de)環境(jing)下時刻準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)監視電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和充放回(hui)路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即時控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)流回(hui)路的(de)(de)通斷；PTC或(huo)TCO在(zai)高溫環境(jing)下防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發生惡(e)劣的(de)(de)損壞(huai)。

保(bao)護(hu)板通(tong)常(chang)包括控制IC、MOS開關(guan)、JEPSUN捷比信精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻及輔助器(qi)(qi)件NTC、ID存儲器(qi)(qi),PCB等。其中控制IC，在一切正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)情況(kuang)下控制MOS開關(guan)導通(tong)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)與外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)溝(gou)通(tong)，而當電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)規定值時，它立(li)刻（數十毫秒）控制MOS開關(guan)關(guan)斷，保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)安(an)全。

NTC是Negative temperature coefficient的縮寫(xie)，意即負溫度系(xi)數(shu)，在環境(jing)溫度升高(gao)時，其阻值降(jiang)低，使用電設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)或充電設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)及時反應、控制內(nei)部中斷而(er)停止充放電。

ID存儲器常為單線接口存儲器，ID是Identification 的(de)縮寫即身份識別的(de)意思，存儲電(dian)池種類、生產日期等信息。可起到產品的(de)可追(zhui)溯和(he)應用的(de)限制。

PTC是英文Positive Temperature Coefficient的縮寫(xie)，意思是正溫度(du)系數。專(zhuan)業里(li)(li)面通(tong)常(chang)把正溫度(du)系數器(qi)件簡稱為PTC，電池(chi)產品里(li)(li)PTC可以防止電池(chi)高(gao)溫放電和(he)不(bu)安全的大(da)電流的發(fa)生，根據電池(chi)的電壓、電流密度(du)特性和(he)應用環境，對(dui)PTC有專(zhuan)門的要求。

PTC是電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)產品(pin)(pin)里一個(ge)非常(chang)重要的部件(jian)，對電(dian)池的安全(quan)擔負著重要使命，它本身的性(xing)能和品(pin)(pin)質也是電(dian)池組(zu)性(xing)能和品(pin)(pin)質的一個(ge)重要因數。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)對(dui)(dui)單(dan)一電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)時(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)會(hui)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)簡(jian)單(dan)，技術性較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)地方在(zai)于(yu)，比(bi)如對(dui)(dui)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)需要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓平臺問題，動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中往往被要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很大的(de)(de)(de)平臺電(dian)(dian)壓，所以(yi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)時(shi)(shi)盡量使(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)不(bu)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，這樣(yang)對(dui)(dui)控制IC，精(jing)密電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等元件的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)就會(hui)很高(gao)(gao)，一般國產IC能滿足大多(duo)數產品要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，特殊可以(yi)采用(yong)進口(kou)產品，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)采樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)則(ze)需要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)JEPSUN捷比(bi)信電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以(yi)滿足高(gao)(gao)精(jing)密度，低溫(wen)度系數，無感(gan)等要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對(dui)(dui)多(duo)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，則(ze)有更(geng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)技術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按照不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)復雜程度各不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)產品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過充保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)　2、過放保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)　3、過流、短路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用(yong)原配的(de)直(zhi)沖在手機上直(zhi)接充電，會(hui)把(ba)電池保護板的(de)保護電路自(zi)動沖開。

2、把電(dian)(dian)池的正負極瞬間短(duan)路，看到電(dian)(dian)極片上有火花就(jiu)行了，多試幾(ji)次，然(ran)后再用直(zhi)充充電(dian)(dian)。

3、找(zhao)個5V的直(zhi)流電，用正負極輕觸電池的正負極，多試幾次，再用原充(chong)電器充(chong)。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)(bao)護板根據使(shi)用(yong)IC,電(dian)(dian)壓等不同而電(dian)(dian)路(lu)及參數有所不同,常(chang)用(yong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護IC有8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等，其中精工的(de)8261系列(lie)精度更好，當(dang)然價錢也更貴。后面(mian)幾種都(dou)是臺灣出的(de)，國內次(ci)級市(shi)場基本都(dou)用(yong)DW01+和CS213了(le)，下(xia)面(mian)以DW01+ 配(pei)MOS管(guan)8205A（8pin）進行講解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之間時(shi)(shi)，DW01 的(de)(de)第(di)1腳(jiao)、第(di)3腳(jiao)均(jun)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(等于(yu)(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))，第(di)二腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為0V。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)DW01 的(de)(de)第(di)1腳(jiao) 、第(di)3腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將(jiang)分(fen)別加到8205A的(de)(de)第(di)5、4腳(jiao)，8205A內的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開關因其G極(ji)接(jie)到來(lai)自DW01 的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，故均(jun)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)導通狀(zhuang)態(tai)，即兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開關均(jun)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)開狀(zhuang)態(tai)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)負極(ji)與保護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-端相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)直接(jie)連通，保護板(ban)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)過外接(jie)的(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)進行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)慢(man)慢(man)降低，同(tong)時(shi)DW01 內(nei)部將(jiang)(jiang)通(tong)過R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)實時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下降到(dao)約(yue)2.3V時(shi)DW01 將(jiang)(jiang)認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已處(chu)于(yu)(yu)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，便(bian)(bian)立即斷開(kai)第(di)1腳(jiao)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第(di)1腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變為0V，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)開(kai)關管因第(di)5腳(jiao)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而關閉。此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保護板的(de)(de)P-之(zhi)間處(chu)于(yu)(yu)斷開(kai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。保護板處(chu)于(yu)(yu)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)并一直(zhi)(zhi)保持。等到(dao)保護板的(de)(de)P 與(yu)P-間接(jie)上(shang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后，DW01 經B-檢測(ce)到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后便(bian)(bian)立即停止過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，重新在(zai)第(di)1腳(jiao)輸出高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管導通(tong)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保護板的(de)(de)P-又重新接(jie)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)經充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通(tong)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正常(chang)(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)將越來越高(gao)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升高(gao)到4.4V時，DW01 將認為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已處(chu)(chu)于(yu)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，便立即(ji)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)第3腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第3腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變為(wei)(wei)0V，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管因第4腳無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而關(guan)閉。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)P-之間處(chu)(chu)于(yu)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)被(bei)切斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)將停(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)并一直保(bao)持。等到保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)P 與(yu)P-間接(jie)上(shang)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載后，因此時雖然(ran)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管關(guan)閉,但其內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)二極(ji)管正方(fang)(fang)向與(yu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向相同(tong),故放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)可以進行(xing)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)被(bei)放(fang)(fang)到低于(yu)4.3V時，DW01 停(ting)止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)重(zhong)(zhong)新在第3腳輸出高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管導通(tong)，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)P-又(you)重(zhong)(zhong)新接(jie)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)又(you)能(neng)進行(xing)正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在(zai)保護板對外(wai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)并(bing)不完全等效于兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)機械開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)，而是(shi)等效于兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)很小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并(bing)稱為(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)， 每個(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)約(yue)為(wei)30mU 03a9共約(yue)為(wei)60mU 03a9，加在(zai)G極(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)實際(ji)上是(shi)直接控制每個(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大(da)于1V時，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)很小(xiao)(xiao)(幾十毫(hao)歐)，相當于開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)閉合，當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)小(xiao)(xiao)于0.7V以下時，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)很大(da)(幾MΩ)，相當于開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)斷開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)UA就(jiu)是(shi)8205A的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大(da)則UA必然增大(da),因UA0.006L×IUA又稱為(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)管壓(ya)降，UA可以簡接表明放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)。上升到0.2V時便認為(wei)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流到達了(le)極(ji)限值，于是(shi)停(ting)止(zhi)第1腳的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使第1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)為(wei)0V、8205A內的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管關(guan)閉，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路，將關(guan)斷放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管。換言(yan)之DW01 允許輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)3.3A，實現了(le)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路(lu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)是過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的一種極限形式，其(qi)控制(zhi)過(guo)程及(ji)原理與過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)一樣，短路(lu)只(zhi)是在相當于在P P-間加上一個阻值小的電(dian)阻(約為(wei)0Ω)使(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的負載電(dian)流(liu)瞬(shun)時達到10A以(yi)上，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)立即進行過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

發展前景

由于近(jin)幾年的(de)(de)(de)動力鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)飛速(su)發展，無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)生產工藝(yi)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)料技術改進(jin)上(shang)，或價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，都有(you)相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)突破，因(yin)此它(ta)也(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)多并(bing)多串打下堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)基礎。替(ti)代鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)時代越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)近(jin)。無論(lun)電(dian)動自(zi)行(xing)車還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)后備電(dian)源，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)占有(you)率自(zi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)開始(shi)瘋狂擴大(da)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)否認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)事實。那么，為(wei)了(le)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)安全與壽命，鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)保護自(zi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)少不了(le)，此時保護板(ban)在電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包內也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)非(fei)常核心的(de)(de)(de)部件之一。

理(li)論上(shang)來講(jiang)，動(dong)力多(duo)(duo)串電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板已經(jing)(jing)沒(mei)有太多(duo)(duo)的(de)電(dian)子技(ji)(ji)術含量了，比(bi)如(ru)電(dian)路與軟件(jian)(jian)處理(li)，有太多(duo)(duo)的(de)選(xuan)擇。其主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把保(bao)護(hu)(hu)部(bu)分如(ru)何做到穩定，可(ke)靠，更安全，更實用，當然(ran)價格也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其中之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。想(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)真正(zheng)的(de)想(xiang)(xiang)把它做好(hao)，那是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)非常復雜細心而(er)又漫長的(de)輪回(hui)工作(zuo)。如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)與技(ji)(ji)術值的(de)占(zhan)比(bi)比(bi)值的(de)話(hua)，技(ji)(ji)術只占(zhan)20% 。經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)占(zhan)到80% 。做好(hao)動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板沒(mei)有個(ge)(ge)三(san)五年的(de)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有困(kun)難的(de)。當然(ran)做好(hao)與能做是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)回(hui)事。為(wei)什(shen)么會有這樣的(de)結論呢?這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有依(yi)據的(de)。說(shuo)實話(hua)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板的(de)方(fang)案電(dian)路并不復雜，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)子行業(ye)工作(zuo)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)年，設計個(ge)(ge)電(dian)路與抄(chao)襲(xi)人家一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)路不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么難事。比(bi)如(ru)：多(duo)(duo)串動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)他主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高電(dian)壓，大電(dian)流，高內阻(zu)工作(zuo)(微電(dian)流)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)工作(zuo)環境的(de)考量等(deng)等(deng)，這都牽(qian)扯到多(duo)(duo)年的(de)電(dian)子專(zhuan)業(ye)綜合經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)。大到要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)PACK的(de)了解(jie)，小到一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)容或(huo)晶(jing)體管(guan)的(de)選(xuan)型,或(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布板時的(de)注意細節。總的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)話(hua)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)穩定，可(ke)靠，安全的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)正(zheng)常安全使用或(huo)使用得更久，其它添(tian)加的(de)特有技(ji)(ji)術與功(gong)能，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)浮云。

主要作用

1.電壓(ya)保護：過充，過放，這要根據電池的(de)材料不同而有(you)(you)所改變，這點看似簡單(dan)，但要細節上來看，還是有(you)(you)經(jing)驗學(xue)問的(de)。

過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護，在我(wo)們以(yi)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都(dou)會高出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓50~150mV。但是(shi)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不一(yi)樣，如(ru)(ru)果你(ni)要想延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命，你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就(jiu)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，甚至還要比(bi)此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓還低(di)些。比(bi)如(ru)(ru)錳鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可以(yi)選擇4.18V~4.2V。因為它是(shi)多串(chuan)數的(de)(de)(de)，整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)壽命容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)主要是(shi)以(yi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)最低(di)的(de)(de)(de)那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以(yi)準，小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)是(shi)在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓工(gong)作，所以(yi)衰(shuai)減(jian)加(jia)快(kuai)。而大容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)每次都(dou)是(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)放，自然衰(shuai)減(jian)要慢得(de)多了。為了讓小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也是(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)放，所以(yi)過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓點(dian)不要選擇太(tai)高。這個(ge)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護延時可以(yi)做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)(de)(de)影響從(cong)而保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有關，如錳(meng)鋰(li)電池一(yi)般選擇在2.8V~3.0V。盡量要比它單(dan)顆電池過放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)電壓稍高點。因為，在國內(nei)生產的(de)(de)電池，電池電壓低于3.3V后，各(ge)顆電池的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電特性完(wan)全不一(yi)，因此是提前(qian)保(bao)護(hu)電池，這(zhe)樣對電池的(de)(de)壽命是一(yi)個(ge)很好的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)。

總的一點就是(shi)(shi)盡(jin)量讓每一顆電池都工作(zuo)在輕(qing)充輕(qing)放下工作(zuo)，一定是(shi)(shi)對電池的壽命是(shi)(shi)一個幫助。

過放保(bao)(bao)護延(yan)滯(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)，它要根據負載的(de)不同而(er)(er)有所(suo)改變，比(bi)如電動工具類的(de)，他的(de)啟動電流一(yi)般都在10C以上，因此(ci)會在短時(shi)間(jian)內把電池(chi)的(de)電壓拉(la)到過放電壓點從而(er)(er)保(bao)(bao)護。此(ci)時(shi)無法讓電池(chi)工作。這是值(zhi)得注意的(de)地方。

2.電流保護(hu)：它主要體現在工(gong)作電流與過電流使開關(guan)MOS斷(duan)開從而保護(hu)電池組或負(fu)載。

MOS管的(de)(de)(de)損壞主(zhu)要是溫度急(ji)劇升高(gao)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)發熱也是電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)及 本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)內阻(zu)來決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，當然(ran)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，對MOS沒什么影響，但是大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)呢，這個就要好(hao)好(hao)做些處理(li)了， 在通過額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)10A以(yi)(yi)下，我們可以(yi)(yi)直接用(yong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來驅動MOS管。大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，一定(ding)是要加驅動，給MOS足夠(gou)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)驅動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。以(yi)(yi)下在MOS管驅動有講到

工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流，在設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)時(shi)候，MOS管上(shang)不能存在超過(guo)(guo)0.3W的(de)(de)功(gong)率。計(ji)(ji)算工(gong)(gong)(gong)式：I2*R/N。R為(wei)MOS的(de)(de)內阻，N為(wei)MOS的(de)(de)數量。如果(guo)功(gong)率超過(guo)(guo)，MOS會產(chan)生(sheng)25度以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)溫(wen)升，又(you)因(yin)它們都是(shi)(shi)密封(feng)的(de)(de),就(jiu)算有散(san)熱片，長(chang)時(shi)間工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，溫(wen)度還是(shi)(shi)會上(shang)去，因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)沒(mei)地(di)方可散(san)熱。當然MOS管是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)任何問題，問題是(shi)(shi)他(ta)產(chan)生(sheng)熱量會影(ying)響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池，畢竟(jing)保護板是(shi)(shi)與電(dian)(dian)池放在一起(qi)的(de)(de)。

過流(liu)保護(最大電流(liu))，此項是保護板必(bi)不可少的(de)(de)，非常關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)一(yi)個保護參數。保護電流(liu)的(de)(de)大小與(yu)MOS的(de)(de)功率息息相關(guan)，因此在設(she)計(ji)時，要盡(jin)量給出MOS能力的(de)(de)余量。在布(bu)板的(de)(de)時候，電流(liu)檢測點一(yi)定要選好位置，不能只接通就行，這需要經驗值。一(yi)般建議(yi)接在檢測電阻(zu)的(de)(de)中間端。還要注意電流(liu)檢測端的(de)(de)干擾(rao)問題(ti)，因為它(ta)的(de)(de)信號很容易(yi)受到干擾(rao)。

過流保護延(yan)時，它也是要根(gen)不(bu)同的產品做相應的調整(zheng)。在此不(bu)多說(shuo)了。

3.短路(lu)保護：嚴格來講(jiang)，他是一個電(dian)壓(ya)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)型(xing)的(de)(de)保護，也就是講(jiang)是用電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)直(zhi)接關斷或驅動的(de)(de)，不(bu)要經過(guo)多余的(de)(de)處理。

短(duan)路(lu)(lu)延時(shi)(shi)的(de)設置(zhi)也很關鍵，因為在我們的(de)產品中，輸(shu)入濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)都(dou)是很大的(de)，在接(jie)觸時(shi)(shi)第一時(shi)(shi)間給電(dian)(dian)容(rong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)就相當(dang)于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)來給電(dian)(dian)容(rong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

4.溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)保護(hu)：一般在智能電(dian)池上(shang)都(dou)會用到，也是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可少(shao)的(de)(de)。但往(wang)往(wang)它(ta)的(de)(de)完(wan)美(mei)總會帶來另(ling)一方面的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。我們(men)主(zhu)要是(shi)檢測電(dian)池的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)來斷開(kai)總開(kai)關來保護(hu)電(dian)池本身或負載(zai)。如果(guo)是(shi)在一個恒定(ding)的(de)(de)環境(jing)條件(jian)下，當然不(bu)(bu)會有什么問(wen)題。由于電(dian)池的(de)(de)工作環境(jing)是(shi)我們(men)不(bu)(bu)可控的(de)(de)，太多(duo)太復雜的(de)(de)變化，因(yin)此不(bu)(bu)好選擇(ze)。如在北方的(de)(de)冬天，我們(men)定(ding)在多(duo)少(shao)合(he)適(shi)?又(you)如夏(xia)天的(de)(de)南方地(di)區，又(you)定(ding)多(duo)少(shao)合(he)適(shi)?顯然范圍(wei)太寬不(bu)(bu)可控的(de)(de)因(yin)素太多(duo)，仁(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)見(jian)仁(ren)，智者(zhe)(zhe)見(jian)智的(de)(de)去選擇(ze)了。

5.MOS保護：主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)MOS的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，電(dian)流(liu)與(yu)溫度(du)。當然就是(shi)(shi)(shi)牽扯到MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)選型(xing)了。MOS的(de)(de)(de)耐壓(ya)(ya)當然要超過電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)必須的(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)流(liu)講的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)通過額定電(dian)流(liu)時(shi)MOS管(guan)體上的(de)(de)(de)溫升(sheng)了一般不超過25度(du)的(de)(de)(de)溫升(sheng)，個(ge)人經(jing)驗值，只(zhi)供(gong)參(can)考(kao)。

MOS的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)，也(ye)許會(hui)有(you)的(de)人(ren)會(hui)講，我有(you)用低內阻大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)MOS管(guan)，但為何還有(you)蠻高的(de)溫度?這是(shi)MOS管(guan)的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)部(bu)分沒有(you)做(zuo)(zuo)好，驅動(dong)(dong)MOS要(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，具體多(duo)大(da)的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，要(yao)(yao)根據功率MOS管(guan)的(de)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)來定(ding)(ding)。因(yin)此，一(yi)般的(de)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)短路(lu)驅動(dong)(dong)都(dou)不能(neng)用芯片直接驅動(dong)(dong)，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)外加。在大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(超過(guo)50A)工作時，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)級多(duo)路(lu)驅動(dong)(dong)，才能(neng)保(bao)證MOS的(de)同一(yi)時間同一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)正常(chang)打開與(yu)關閉。因(yin)為MOS管(guan)有(you)一(yi)個輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)， MOS管(guan)功率,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)越大(da)，輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)也(ye)就越大(da)，如果沒有(you)足夠的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，不會(hui)在短時間做(zuo)(zuo)出完整的(de)控制(zhi)。尤其是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)50A時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)設(she)計(ji)上更要(yao)(yao)細化，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)級多(duo)路(lu)驅動(dong)(dong)控制(zhi)。這樣才能(neng)保(bao)證MOS的(de)正常(chang)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)。

MOS電(dian)流(liu)平衡，主要(yao)講的(de)是(shi)多顆MOS并起(qi)來用(yong)時(shi)，要(yao)讓(rang)每一顆MOS管(guan)通過的(de)電(dian)流(liu)，打開與關閉時(shi)間都是(shi)一致的(de)。這(zhe)就要(yao)在畫板方面(mian)入手了，它們的(de)輸入輸出一定要(yao)對稱，一定要(yao)保證每一個管(guan)子(zi)通過的(de)電(dian)流(liu)是(shi)一致這(zhe)才是(shi)目(mu)的(de)。

6.自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)量(liang), 這個參數是(shi)(shi)越小越好，最理(li)想(xiang)的狀態是(shi)(shi)為零，但不可(ke)能(neng)做到這一點(dian)。就是(shi)(shi)因為人(ren)人(ren)都想(xiang)把這個參數做小，有(you)很多人(ren)的要(yao)求(qiu)更低，甚至離(li)譜，我(wo)們想(xiang)想(xiang)，保護板上有(you)芯片，它(ta)們是(shi)(shi)要(yao)工作的，可(ke)以做到很低，但是(shi)(shi)可(ke)靠性(xing)呢?應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)在(zai)性(xing)能(neng)可(ke)靠完(wan)全(quan)OK的情況(kuang)下再來考量(liang)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)的問題(ti)。有(you)些朋友也許進入了誤區，自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)分(fen)為整體的自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)和每一串的自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)。

整體自(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)，如果在100~500uA都是(shi)沒什么問題的(de)(de)，因為動力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量本身就很(hen)大。當(dang)然電(dian)動工(gong)具的(de)(de)另外分析。如5AH的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，放電(dian)500uA，要放多久(jiu)，因此對整個電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組來講是(shi)很(hen)微弱(ruo)的(de)(de)。

每串(chuan)(chuan)自耗(hao)電(dian)才最關鍵的(de)(de)，這個也(ye)不(bu)可(ke)能為(wei)零，當然也(ye)是在性能完全可(ke)行(xing)情(qing)況下(xia)進行(xing)，但有(you)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，每一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)一(yi)(yi)致，一(yi)(yi)般每一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)差(cha)別(bie)不(bu)能超過5uA。這點(dian)大家應該知道，如果每一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)時，那么在長(chang)時間(jian)擱置下(xia)，電(dian)池的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)定會產生變化的(de)(de)。

7.均衡：均衡這一(yi)塊是此文章的(de)論述(shu)的(de)重點。目前最通用的(de)均衡方式分為兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就是耗能式的(de)，另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就是轉能式的(de)。

A耗能(neng)式均衡，主要是(shi)把多串電(dian)池中某(mou)節電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)量或電(dian)壓高的(de)用電(dian)阻把多余(yu)的(de)電(dian)能(neng)損耗掉。它(ta)也(ye)分如下三種(zhong)。

一，充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)均衡，它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)在充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)任何一顆電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高出所有(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)平均電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，它(ta)(ta)就啟(qi)動均衡，無論(lun)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在什么范圍，它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)應用在智能軟件方案上。當然如何定義(yi)可以由軟件任意調整。此方案的(de)(de)優點它(ta)(ta)能有(you)更(geng)多的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間去做電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)均衡。

二，電(dian)壓(ya)定(ding)點均(jun)衡，就(jiu)是把均(jun)衡啟動(dong)定(ding)在一個電(dian)壓(ya)點上，如(ru)錳鋰電(dian)池(chi)，很多就(jiu)定(ding)在4.2V開始(shi)均(jun)衡。這(zhe)種方式(shi)只是在電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的末端進行(xing)，所(suo)以均(jun)衡時間較短，用處可想(xiang)而知。

三，靜態自動(dong)均衡(heng)，它也(ye)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中進(jin)行，也(ye)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)進(jin)行，更有特點的(de)(de)是，電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)靜態擱置(zhi)時(shi)，如果電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不一致時(shi)，它也(ye)在(zai)(zai)均衡(heng)著(zhu)，直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到一致。但有人認為(wei)，電(dian)(dian)池都沒(mei)工作了，為(wei)什(shen)么保護板還是在(zai)(zai)發熱呢?

以上三種方式都以是參考電壓(ya)來實現均衡的。但是，電池電壓(ya)高不一(yi)定代(dai)表容量就高，也許截然相反(fan)。以下(xia)論述。

其優點(dian)就是成本低，設計簡(jian)單，在(zai)電池電壓(ya)不一致時能起到(dao)一定的作用(yong)，主要(yao)體現(xian)在(zai)電池長(chang)時間(jian)擱置(zhi)自耗引起的電壓(ya)不一致。理論上是有微弱(ruo)的可行性。

缺點，電路復雜(za)，元(yuan)件(jian)多，溫度高，防靜電差，故障(zhang)率高。

具體探討如下。

當新單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池分(fen)(fen)容(rong)(rong)分(fen)(fen)壓(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)內(nei)阻過后組成(cheng)PACK，總會(hui)有各別的(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)偏低(di)，而往往容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最低(di)的(de)(de)那顆(ke)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)定是(shi)上升最快的(de)(de)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)它(ta)最先到達啟動均衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)，此時，大容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)還(huan)沒達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)點而沒有啟動均衡(heng)，小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)確開始均衡(heng)了，這樣每一(yi)次的(de)(de)循(xun)環工(gong)作(zuo)，這顆(ke)小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)直處于飽(bao)充飽(bao)放的(de)(de)狀態(tai)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)，而它(ta)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)衰老最快的(de)(de)，同時內(nei)阻自然也(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)慢慢的(de)(de)比其它(ta)的(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)增高，從而形成(cheng)一(yi)個惡性循(xun)環。這是(shi)一(yi)個極(ji)大的(de)(de)弊端。

元件越多，故障率自然(ran)就高(gao)了。

溫度，可想(xiang)(xiang)而知(zhi)，耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)式的(de)(de)，是(shi)想(xiang)(xiang)把所謂(wei)多余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)發熱的(de)(de)形式來耗(hao)掉多余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，它確成了名(ming)副其實發熱源。而高溫對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯本身來講是(shi)非常致命的(de)(de)一(yi)個相(xiang)當因素，它可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)燃燒，也可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆炸。本來我們是(shi)在想(xiang)(xiang)盡一(yi)切辦(ban)法去(qu)減少(shao)整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包的(de)(de)溫度產生，而耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)均衡呢(ni)?同時它的(de)(de)溫度高得(de)驚人，大家(jia)可以(yi)去(qu)測試一(yi)下，當然是(shi)在全封閉(bi)的(de)(de)環(huan)境下。總的(de)(de)來說，它是(shi)一(yi)個發熱體，熱是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)致命天敵。

靜(jing)電(dian)，我個人設計保(bao)護(hu)板時(shi)，從來不用小功率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)MOS管，哪怕一顆都(dou)不用。因為(wei)本(ben)人在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一塊(kuai)吃過(guo)太多的(de)(de)(de)(de)虧(kui)了(le)。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)MOS管的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)問(wen)題。先(xian)不說小MOS在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境，就(jiu)說在(zai)(zai)生產加工(gong)PCBA貼片時(shi)，如果車間的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕度低于60%，小MOS生產出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)不良(liang)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)會(hui)超過(guo)10%以上，然后再濕度調到80%。小MOS的(de)(de)(de)(de)不良(liang)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)零。可(ke)以試試。這(zhe)(zhe)要表明一個什么問(wen)題呢?如果我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品在(zai)(zai)北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)天，小MOS是(shi)(shi)否能通過(guo)，這(zhe)(zhe)需要時(shi)間來驗證的(de)(de)(de)(de)。再有，MOS管的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)只有短路(lu)，如果短路(lu)那可(ke)想而(er)知，就(jiu)意味著這(zhe)(zhe)組電(dian)池(chi)馬上要損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)。更何況我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡上的(de)(de)(de)(de)小MOS用得還不少呢。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)有人會(hui)恍然，難怪退回來的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)均(jun)衡壞(huai)(huai)(huai)掉而(er)引起單體電(dian)池(chi)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)，而(er)且都(dou)是(shi)(shi)MOS壞(huai)(huai)(huai)掉了(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)電(dian)芯廠與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)板廠開始(shi)扯皮了(le)。是(shi)(shi)誰的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯呢?

B能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉移式(shi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡，它(ta)是(shi)讓大(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)儲能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)轉移到(dao)小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽起來(lai)感覺很智能(neng)(neng)很實用。它(ta)也分容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)時(shi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡與容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)定點均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡。它(ta)是(shi)以(yi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)來(lai)做均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)好像沒考慮(lv)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。可以(yi)想(xiang)想(xiang)，以(yi)10AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)為例(li)，假如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中有一(yi)顆容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)10.1AH，一(yi)顆容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)小點的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)9.8AH，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為2A，能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為0.5A。這(zhe)時(shi)10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)要給(gei)小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就是(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就是(shi)2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)補進(jin)去了，可是(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會是(shi)多少(shao)呢?顯然會比其(qi)它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升得更快，如(ru)果到(dao)了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定會大(da)大(da)提前過充(chong)保護(hu)，在(zai)每一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直處在(zai)深充(chong)深放的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。而其(qi)它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)否有充(chong)飽，不確定因素太(tai)多。微(wei)弱直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)就小分析到(dao)這(zhe)，分析太(tai)多怕不知所云。

其它相關

如果(guo)堅(jian)持要用(yong)到均衡(heng)(heng)功能(neng)的(de)(de)人，我可(ke)以斷(duan)定此人沒有(you)(you)大批量生(sheng)產(chan)動力電(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)或PACK的(de)(de)經驗。如果(guo)有(you)(you)大批量生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)，他一(yi)定會在(zai)(zai)均衡(heng)(heng)上吃不少的(de)(de)虧。個(ge)人認為，均衡(heng)(heng)利用(yong)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)來實(shi)現，有(you)(you)點滑稽。因為保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)就是保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)，它(ta)只做電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)最(zui)極端的(de)(de)時候起到有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用(yong)，它(ta)沒有(you)(you)能(neng)力去把電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)提高，保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)只是一(yi)個(ge)被動部分(fen)，難道家里(li)的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)絲(si)或保護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關能(neng)提高家里(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量？當然(ran)不可(ke)能(neng)。它(ta)只起到保護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。

電芯

電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)才是(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)動器件,我(wo)們(men)要(yao)提高的是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上(shang)的性能與技術,主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)致性。再說均衡做(zuo)在(zai)保(bao)護板(ban)上(shang)，不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)理(li)論上(shang)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)際(ji)應用中，它有(you)弊(bi)有(you)利，但在(zai)理(li)論上(shang)，均衡有(you)一(yi)定的作(zuo)用，但用處多大，顯然(ran)可見(jian)。為何？因為充電(dian)(dian)一(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)2~10A的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而均衡我(wo)們(men)最多只能做(zuo)到200mA。這個差別太(tai)多，同時有(you)些(xie)均衡方案(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓的末端(duan)啟動，更顯得于事無補啊。而它有(you)弊(bi)端(duan)的一(yi)面，太(tai)多太(tai)多。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸出負極(ji)、充(chong)電負極(ji)、電池(chi)負極(ji)、必須(xu)按順(shun)序(xu)接(jie)線，不要(yao)反(fan)接(jie)線路(lu)以免燒壞電路(lu)元(yuan)件

2、充電(dian)線，放電(dian)線，電(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)。盡量用(yong)粗線，否則會通(tong)不(bu)過(guo)大電(dian)流，會起到(dao)過(guo)流保護，造成電(dian)路不(bu)工(gong)作

3、電(dian)池正(zheng)極輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)不(bu)用經(jing)過保護電(dian)路(lu)，直(zhi)接連接輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)。