手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)板，顧名思(si)義鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)板主要(yao)(yao)是針對(dui)可(ke)充電(dian)（一般指鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)）起保護(hu)作用的集成電(dian)路板。 鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)（可(ke)充型）之所以需要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)，是由它(ta)本(ben)身(shen)特(te)性決(jue)定(ding)的。由于鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)本(ben)身(shen)的材料決(jue)定(ding)了它(ta)不能被過(guo)充、過(guo)放、過(guo)流、短路及超高溫(wen)充放電(dian)，因此鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)組件總會跟著一塊帶采樣電(dian)阻的保護(hu)板和(he)一片電(dian)流保險器出現。

定義

鋰電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)保護功能通常由保護電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板和(he)PTC或(huo)TCO等電(dian)(dian)流(liu)器件(jian)協同(tong)完成(cheng)，保護板是由電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)組成(cheng)，在-40℃至+85℃的(de)(de)環境下時(shi)刻(ke)準確的(de)(de)監(jian)視電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)充放回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即時(shi)控制電(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通斷；PTC或(huo)TCO在高溫環境下防止電(dian)(dian)池發生惡劣(lie)的(de)(de)損壞。

保護板(ban)通(tong)常(chang)包括控制(zhi)(zhi)IC、MOS開(kai)(kai)關、JEPSUN捷比(bi)信(xin)精(jing)密電(dian)(dian)阻及輔助器(qi)件NTC、ID存儲器(qi),PCB等(deng)。其(qi)中控制(zhi)(zhi)IC，在一(yi)切正常(chang)的(de)情況下控制(zhi)(zhi)MOS開(kai)(kai)關導通(tong)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)與(yu)外電(dian)(dian)路溝通(tong)，而當電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)壓或回路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過規定值時，它立刻（數(shu)十(shi)毫(hao)秒(miao)）控制(zhi)(zhi)MOS開(kai)(kai)關關斷，保護電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)安全。

NTC是Negative temperature coefficient的縮(suo)寫，意即(ji)負溫度系數，在環境溫度升高時，其阻(zu)值降(jiang)低，使用(yong)電設備(bei)(bei)或充電設備(bei)(bei)及時反應、控制內部中斷而停止充放電。

ID存儲器常為單線(xian)接口存儲器，ID是Identification 的(de)縮寫即身份識(shi)別的(de)意(yi)思，存儲電(dian)池種類、生產日期等信息。可起到產品(pin)的(de)可追溯和應用的(de)限制。

PTC是英文Positive Temperature Coefficient的(de)(de)(de)縮寫，意思是正溫度系數(shu)。專業(ye)里面(mian)通常把正溫度系數(shu)器件簡稱為(wei)PTC，電(dian)池(chi)產(chan)品里PTC可以防止電(dian)池(chi)高溫放(fang)電(dian)和(he)不安全的(de)(de)(de)大電(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流密度特性和(he)應用環(huan)境，對PTC有專門的(de)(de)(de)要求。

PTC是電(dian)池組(zu)件產品(pin)里一(yi)個(ge)非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的部件，對電(dian)池的安全(quan)擔負著重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)使命，它本身(shen)的性(xing)能和(he)(he)品(pin)質也是電(dian)池組(zu)性(xing)能和(he)(he)品(pin)質的一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)因數。

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)對單(dan)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)芯保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)時，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)設計(ji)會相對簡單(dan)，技術性(xing)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)地方(fang)在(zai)于(yu)，比如對動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)設計(ji)需(xu)(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)平(ping)臺(tai)問題(ti)，動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用中(zhong)往(wang)往(wang)被要求很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)平(ping)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所以設計(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)時盡(jin)量使(shi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)不影響電(dian)(dian)芯放電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，這(zhe)樣對控制IC，精(jing)密(mi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等元件的(de)要求就會很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般國產(chan)(chan)IC能滿(man)足(zu)大(da)(da)多數(shu)產(chan)(chan)品要求，特殊可以采(cai)用進口產(chan)(chan)品，電(dian)(dian)流采(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)則需(xu)(xu)要使(shi)用JEPSUN捷比信(xin)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以滿(man)足(zu)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)密(mi)度，低溫度系數(shu)，無感(gan)等要求。對多電(dian)(dian)芯保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)設計(ji)，則有(you)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)技術要求，按照不同的(de)需(xu)(xu)要，設計(ji)復雜程度各不相同的(de)產(chan)(chan)品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過(guo)充保護　2、過(guo)放保護　3、過(guo)流、短(duan)路(lu)保護

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用原配的直沖在手(shou)機上直接(jie)充電，會把(ba)電池保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電路自動(dong)沖開。

2、把(ba)電池(chi)的正(zheng)負極瞬間短(duan)路，看到電極片上有火花就行了，多試幾次，然后再(zai)用直充充電。

3、找個(ge)5V的(de)直流電，用正負極(ji)輕(qing)觸(chu)電池的(de)正負極(ji)，多試幾次，再用原充電器充。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰電池保護(hu)板(ban)根據(ju)使用(yong)IC,電壓等(deng)不(bu)(bu)同而電路及(ji)參數有所不(bu)(bu)同,常用(yong)的保護(hu)IC有8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等(deng)，其中精(jing)工的8261系(xi)列精(jing)度更好，當然價錢也更貴。后面幾種都是臺灣出的，國內次級市場基(ji)本(ben)都用(yong)DW01+和CS213了，下面以DW01+ 配MOS管8205A（8pin）進行(xing)講解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當電(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之(zhi)間時(shi)，DW01 的第(di)(di)1腳、第(di)(di)3腳均輸(shu)出高電(dian)(dian)平(等于供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))，第(di)(di)二腳電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為0V。此(ci)時(shi)DW01 的第(di)(di)1腳 、第(di)(di)3腳電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將分(fen)別加到8205A的第(di)(di)5、4腳，8205A內(nei)的兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子開關因(yin)其G極接(jie)到來(lai)自DW01 的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，故均處于導通狀態，即兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子開關均處于開狀態。此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯的負(fu)極與保護(hu)板(ban)(ban)的P-端(duan)相(xiang)當于直接(jie)連通，保護(hu)板(ban)(ban)有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)過(guo)外(wai)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)負載進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)慢(man)慢(man)降低，同時(shi)DW01 內部將(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)降到(dao)(dao)約2.3V時(shi)DW01 將(jiang)認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已處(chu)于(yu)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)狀態(tai)，便(bian)立即斷(duan)(duan)開第1腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使第1腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變為(wei)0V，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)開關管因第5腳(jiao)(jiao)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而關閉(bi)。此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)保護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)P-之間(jian)處(chu)于(yu)斷(duan)(duan)開狀態(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)被切斷(duan)(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)將(jiang)停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保護(hu)(hu)板處(chu)于(yu)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)并一直(zhi)保持。等到(dao)(dao)保護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)P 與(yu)P-間(jian)接(jie)(jie)上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后，DW01 經B-檢測到(dao)(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后便(bian)立即停止(zhi)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，重新在第1腳(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管導通(tong)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)保護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)P-又重新接(jie)(jie)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)經充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將越(yue)來越(yue)高，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高到(dao)4.4V時(shi)(shi)，DW01 將認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已處(chu)于過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)狀態(tai)(tai)，便立即斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)第(di)3腳的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使(shi)第(di)3腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變為(wei)0V，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管因第(di)4腳無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而關(guan)(guan)閉。此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P-之間(jian)處(chu)于斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)狀態(tai)(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路被(bei)切斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)將停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)處(chu)于過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai)并一直保(bao)(bao)持(chi)。等到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P 與(yu)(yu)P-間(jian)接(jie)上放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載后(hou)，因此時(shi)(shi)雖然過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管關(guan)(guan)閉,但其內部的(de)(de)(de)二極管正(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)向(xiang)與(yu)(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)相同,故放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路可以進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)被(bei)放到(dao)低于4.3V時(shi)(shi)，DW01 停止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)狀態(tai)(tai)重(zhong)新在第(di)3腳輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使(shi)8205A內的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管導通，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)P-又(you)重(zhong)新接(jie)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)又(you)能進(jin)行正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在保(bao)護板對(dui)外放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程中，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)并(bing)不(bu)完全等效(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)兩(liang)個(ge)機械開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，而是(shi)(shi)等效(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，并(bing)稱為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻， 每(mei)個(ge)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻約為(wei)(wei)30mU 03a9共約為(wei)(wei)60mU 03a9，加在G極(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)實際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)直接控(kong)制每(mei)個(ge)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大(da)(da)于(yu)1V時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻很小(xiao)(幾(ji)十(shi)毫歐)，相當于(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)合，當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)0.7V以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻很大(da)(da)(幾(ji)MΩ)，相當于(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)UA就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)8205A的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)大(da)(da)則(ze)UA必然增(zeng)大(da)(da),因UA0.006L×IUA又稱為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)管壓(ya)降(jiang)，UA可以(yi)簡(jian)接表明(ming)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)。上(shang)升到0.2V時(shi)便認為(wei)(wei)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)到達了極(ji)限(xian)值(zhi)，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)停止第1腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使第1腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變為(wei)(wei)0V、8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)，切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路，將(jiang)關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管。換言之DW01 允許輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)3.3A，實現了過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)是過(guo)電流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)極限形(xing)式，其控制過(guo)程及原理與過(guo)電流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)樣，短路(lu)只是在相當(dang)于在P P-間加上一(yi)個阻(zu)值(zhi)小的(de)電阻(zu)(約為0Ω)使保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板的(de)負(fu)載電流瞬時(shi)達到10A以上，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板立即進行過(guo)電流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

發展前景

由于近幾(ji)年的(de)動力(li)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)飛速發展，無(wu)(wu)論是(shi)生產工藝還是(shi)材料技術(shu)改進上，或(huo)價格的(de)優勢(shi)，都有(you)(you)相當大(da)的(de)突破，因此(ci)(ci)它(ta)也(ye)為多(duo)并多(duo)串打(da)下堅實的(de)基礎。替代(dai)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)時代(dai)越來越近。無(wu)(wu)論電(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車還是(shi)后備電(dian)(dian)源，它(ta)的(de)市(shi)場占有(you)(you)率(lv)自(zi)然也(ye)開(kai)始瘋狂擴大(da)，這是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)否認的(de)事(shi)實。那么，為了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)安全與壽(shou)命，鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)有(you)(you)效保護(hu)自(zi)然也(ye)少不(bu)了，此(ci)(ci)時保護(hu)板在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包內(nei)也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)非常核心的(de)部件之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。

理論上來講，動(dong)力(li)多(duo)串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)已(yi)經(jing)沒(mei)有太(tai)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術含量了(le)，比如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)(yu)軟件(jian)處理，有太(tai)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)把保(bao)(bao)(bao)護部分如何做(zuo)到(dao)穩定(ding)，可(ke)靠(kao)，更安(an)全，更實用，當然價(jia)格也是(shi)其(qi)中之一(yi)。想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)把它(ta)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)，那是(shi)一(yi)件(jian)非常(chang)復雜細心而又(you)漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪回工作(zuo)(zuo)。如果要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)經(jing)驗與(yu)(yu)技(ji)術值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比比值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，技(ji)術只占(zhan)20% 。經(jing)驗要(yao)(yao)(yao)占(zhan)到(dao)80% 。做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)沒(mei)有個(ge)三五(wu)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，還是(shi)有困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當然做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)與(yu)(yu)能做(zuo)是(shi)兩回事(shi)。為什(shen)(shen)么會(hui)有這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結論呢?這(zhe)是(shi)有依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。說(shuo)實話(hua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)并不復雜，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子行(xing)業(ye)工作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)一(yi)兩年，設計個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)(yu)抄襲人家一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不是(shi)什(shen)(shen)么難事(shi)。比如：多(duo)串動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)他(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，高(gao)內阻工作(zuo)(zuo)(微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包工作(zuo)(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考量等(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)都(dou)牽扯到(dao)多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子專業(ye)綜合經(jing)驗。大(da)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對整個(ge)PACK的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解，小到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)或晶體管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選型,或是(shi)布板(ban)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意細節。總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)句話(hua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)穩定(ding)，可(ke)靠(kao)，安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)安(an)全使用或使用得更久，其(qi)它(ta)添(tian)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特有技(ji)術與(yu)(yu)功能，都(dou)是(shi)浮(fu)云。

主要作用

1.電壓保護：過充，過放，這(zhe)(zhe)要(yao)根據電池(chi)的材料不同(tong)而(er)有所改變，這(zhe)(zhe)點看(kan)似簡單，但(dan)要(yao)細節上來看(kan)，還是有經驗學問(wen)的。

過(guo)充(chong)保護，在(zai)我們以(yi)(yi)(yi)往的(de)單(dan)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都(dou)會高出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)飽(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)50~150mV。但是動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不一樣，如果你要(yao)(yao)想延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命，你的(de)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)飽(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，甚(shen)至還要(yao)(yao)比此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)還低(di)些。比如錳(meng)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇4.18V~4.2V。因為它是多(duo)串數的(de)，整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命容(rong)量(liang)(liang)主要(yao)(yao)是以(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最低(di)的(de)那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)準，小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)總是在(zai)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)工作(zuo)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)衰(shuai)減加(jia)快。而(er)大(da)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)每(mei)次都(dou)是輕(qing)(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)(qing)放，自然衰(shuai)減要(yao)(yao)慢得(de)多(duo)了(le)。為了(le)讓小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也是輕(qing)(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)(qing)放，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)充(chong)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)點不要(yao)(yao)選擇太高。這個(ge)保護延時可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)影響(xiang)從而(er)保護。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有關，如錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般選擇在(zai)2.8V~3.0V。盡(jin)量要(yao)比它單顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過放(fang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)稍(shao)高(gao)點(dian)。因(yin)為，在(zai)國內生產(chan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于3.3V后(hou)，各顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性完全不一，因(yin)此是提前(qian)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命是一個很好的保(bao)(bao)護。

總的一(yi)點(dian)就是(shi)盡量讓每(mei)一(yi)顆電(dian)池都工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)在輕充(chong)輕放下工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)對電(dian)池的壽命是(shi)一(yi)個幫助。

過(guo)放保護延滯時(shi)間，它要根據負載的(de)(de)(de)不同而(er)有所改變，比如(ru)電(dian)動(dong)工具類的(de)(de)(de)，他的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)電(dian)流一(yi)般都在10C以(yi)上(shang)，因此會在短時(shi)間內把電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)拉到過(guo)放電(dian)壓(ya)點從而(er)保護。此時(shi)無法讓電(dian)池(chi)工作(zuo)。這是值(zhi)得注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方。

2.電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護：它主(zhu)要體現在工作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)與過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)使開(kai)(kai)關MOS斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)從而保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)或負載。

MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞主要是(shi)溫度(du)急劇升高，它的(de)(de)(de)發熱也是(shi)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小及 本身的(de)(de)(de)內阻來決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，當然小電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，對(dui)MOS沒(mei)什(shen)么影(ying)響，但是(shi)大電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)呢，這個就要好好做些處理了， 在通過額定(ding)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時，小電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10A以(yi)下(xia)，我(wo)們可以(yi)直接(jie)用電壓(ya)來驅動(dong)(dong)MOS管(guan)。大電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，一定(ding)是(shi)要加驅動(dong)(dong)，給MOS足夠大的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。以(yi)下(xia)在MOS管(guan)驅動(dong)(dong)有講到

工作(zuo)電流，在(zai)設計的(de)時候，MOS管上不(bu)能(neng)存在(zai)超(chao)過0.3W的(de)功率(lv)。計算(suan)工式(shi)：I2*R/N。R為(wei)MOS的(de)內阻，N為(wei)MOS的(de)數量(liang)。如(ru)果功率(lv)超(chao)過，MOS會產生(sheng)25度(du)(du)以上的(de)溫升(sheng)，又因它們(men)都是(shi)(shi)密(mi)封(feng)的(de),就算(suan)有散(san)熱片(pian)，長時間工作(zuo)時，溫度(du)(du)還是(shi)(shi)會上去，因為(wei)他沒地方可散(san)熱。當然MOS管是(shi)(shi)沒任何問題，問題是(shi)(shi)他產生(sheng)熱量(liang)會影(ying)響到(dao)電池，畢(bi)竟保(bao)護(hu)板是(shi)(shi)與電池放在(zai)一起的(de)。

過流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(最大電流(liu))，此項是保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)必不可少的(de)(de)(de)，非(fei)常關鍵的(de)(de)(de)一個保(bao)(bao)護參數。保(bao)(bao)護電流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小與MOS的(de)(de)(de)功率息(xi)息(xi)相關，因(yin)此在設計時(shi)，要(yao)盡量(liang)給出MOS能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)余量(liang)。在布板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，電流(liu)檢(jian)測點一定要(yao)選好位置，不能(neng)只(zhi)接通(tong)就行(xing)，這需要(yao)經驗值。一般(ban)建議接在檢(jian)測電阻的(de)(de)(de)中間端。還要(yao)注意(yi)電流(liu)檢(jian)測端的(de)(de)(de)干擾問題，因(yin)為它的(de)(de)(de)信號很容易(yi)受到干擾。

過(guo)流保護(hu)延時，它也是要(yao)根不同(tong)的(de)產(chan)品做相應的(de)調整。在此不多說(shuo)了(le)。

3.短路保護：嚴格來(lai)講，他是(shi)一個(ge)電壓(ya)比(bi)較(jiao)型的(de)(de)保護，也就是(shi)講是(shi)用電壓(ya)的(de)(de)比(bi)較(jiao)直(zhi)接(jie)關斷或驅(qu)動的(de)(de)，不(bu)要經(jing)過多余的(de)(de)處理。

短(duan)(duan)路延(yan)時(shi)的(de)設置也(ye)很(hen)關鍵(jian)，因(yin)為在(zai)我們的(de)產品中，輸(shu)入(ru)濾波電(dian)容都是(shi)很(hen)大的(de)，在(zai)接觸(chu)時(shi)第(di)一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)給電(dian)容充電(dian)，此時(shi)就相當于電(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路來給電(dian)容充電(dian)。

4.溫度保護：一般在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能電(dian)池上(shang)都會用到，也是不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但往(wang)往(wang)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)美總(zong)會帶來另一方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足。我(wo)們主要是檢測電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度來斷開(kai)總(zong)開(kai)關來保護電(dian)池本身或(huo)負載(zai)。如(ru)果是在(zai)(zai)一個恒定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境條(tiao)件下，當(dang)然不(bu)(bu)(bu)會有什么問題。由于電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作環(huan)境是我(wo)們不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)，太多(duo)(duo)太復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好選擇(ze)。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)北方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬天(tian)，我(wo)們定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)多(duo)(duo)少合適?又如(ru)夏天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南方(fang)(fang)地區，又定(ding)(ding)多(duo)(duo)少合適?顯然范圍太寬(kuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素太多(duo)(duo)，仁者見仁，智(zhi)者見智(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)去選擇(ze)了。

5.MOS保護：主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)MOS的電壓(ya)，電流與溫度。當(dang)然(ran)就(jiu)是(shi)牽扯到MOS管的選型了(le)。MOS的耐壓(ya)當(dang)然(ran)要(yao)超過電池組的電壓(ya)，這是(shi)必(bi)須的。電流講的是(shi)在通過額定電流時MOS管體(ti)上的溫升了(le)一般不超過25度的溫升，個人經驗(yan)值，只供參考。

MOS的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)，也(ye)許會有(you)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)會講，我有(you)用(yong)低內(nei)阻大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)，但為(wei)何還有(you)蠻高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)溫度?這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)部分沒有(you)做(zuo)(zuo)好，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)MOS要(yao)有(you)足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)(gou)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，具(ju)體多(duo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，要(yao)根據功(gong)(gong)率MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來定(ding)。因此，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)短路(lu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)都不能用(yong)芯片直接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)外(wai)加。在大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(超(chao)過(guo)50A)工作時，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)級多(duo)路(lu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)，才能保證MOS的(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)(yi)時間同一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)正常打(da)開與(yu)(yu)關閉。因為(wei)MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)， MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)功(gong)(gong)率,電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)越(yue)大(da)，輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)也(ye)就越(yue)大(da)，如果沒有(you)足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，不會在短時間做(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)完整的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制。尤其是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)50A時，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)設計(ji)上更要(yao)細化，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)級多(duo)路(lu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制。這(zhe)(zhe)樣才能保證MOS的(de)(de)(de)正常過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)短路(lu)保護。

MOS電流平衡，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)講的是多顆(ke)(ke)MOS并起(qi)來用時(shi)，要(yao)(yao)讓每(mei)一顆(ke)(ke)MOS管通過的電流，打開與關閉(bi)時(shi)間都是一致(zhi)的。這就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)在畫板(ban)方面入手(shou)了(le)，它們(men)的輸(shu)入輸(shu)出一定要(yao)(yao)對稱(cheng)，一定要(yao)(yao)保證每(mei)一個管子通過的電流是一致(zhi)這才是目(mu)的。

6.自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)量, 這個(ge)參數是越(yue)小(xiao)越(yue)好(hao)，最理想(xiang)的(de)(de)狀態是為零，但(dan)不可(ke)能(neng)做到這一(yi)點。就是因為人人都想(xiang)把這個(ge)參數做小(xiao)，有很多(duo)人的(de)(de)要求更低，甚至(zhi)離譜，我們(men)想(xiang)想(xiang)，保護板(ban)上有芯片，它們(men)是要工(gong)作的(de)(de)，可(ke)以做到很低，但(dan)是可(ke)靠性(xing)呢?應(ying)該是在(zai)性(xing)能(neng)可(ke)靠完全OK的(de)(de)情況下再來考(kao)量自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。有些(xie)朋(peng)友(you)也許進(jin)入了誤區，自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)分為整體的(de)(de)自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)和每一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)。

整體自耗電(dian)(dian)，如果在100~500uA都是(shi)沒什么問題的(de)(de)，因為動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量本身就很大(da)。當然電(dian)(dian)動(dong)工(gong)具的(de)(de)另外分(fen)析。如5AH的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，放電(dian)(dian)500uA，要放多久(jiu)，因此(ci)對(dui)整個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)來(lai)講是(shi)很微弱(ruo)的(de)(de)。

每(mei)串(chuan)自耗電才最關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)，這個(ge)也不(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)為零，當(dang)然(ran)也是在性能(neng)完全可(ke)(ke)行情況下進行，但有(you)一(yi)點，每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)自耗電量(liang)(liang)一(yi)定要(yao)一(yi)致，一(yi)般每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)不(bu)能(neng)超過5uA。這點大家應該(gai)知道(dao)，如果(guo)每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)自耗電不(bu)一(yi)時(shi)，那么在長時(shi)間擱(ge)置(zhi)下，電池的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)一(yi)定會產生變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)。

7.均衡(heng)：均衡(heng)這(zhe)一塊是此(ci)文章的(de)論(lun)述的(de)重點。目前(qian)最通用的(de)均衡(heng)方式分為兩(liang)種，一種就(jiu)是耗能式的(de)，另一種就(jiu)是轉能式的(de)。

A耗能(neng)式均(jun)衡，主要是(shi)把多串電(dian)池(chi)中某節(jie)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)量或電(dian)壓高的用電(dian)阻(zu)把多余的電(dian)能(neng)損耗掉(diao)。它(ta)也分如下三(san)種。

一(yi)(yi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時時均(jun)衡(heng)，它主要是在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時任(ren)(ren)何(he)一(yi)(yi)顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高出所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)池平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，它就啟動均(jun)衡(heng)，無(wu)論電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在什么范圍(wei)，它主要是應用在智(zhi)能軟(ruan)件方案上。當然如何(he)定義可(ke)以由(you)軟(ruan)件任(ren)(ren)意(yi)調整。此方案的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)它能有更(geng)多的(de)(de)時間去(qu)做(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)衡(heng)。

二(er)，電(dian)(dian)壓定(ding)點(dian)均(jun)衡，就(jiu)是(shi)把均(jun)衡啟動定(ding)在(zai)一個電(dian)(dian)壓點(dian)上，如錳鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，很多就(jiu)定(ding)在(zai)4.2V開始均(jun)衡。這(zhe)種方式只是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的末端進行，所(suo)以均(jun)衡時間較短，用(yong)處可想(xiang)而知。

三，靜態自動(dong)均衡，它也可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)充電的(de)過(guo)程中進行，也可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)放電時(shi)(shi)進行，更有特(te)點的(de)是，電池在(zai)(zai)(zai)靜態擱置(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，如果電壓(ya)不一致(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，它也在(zai)(zai)(zai)均衡著，直到電池的(de)電壓(ya)達(da)到一致(zhi)。但(dan)有人(ren)認為，電池都沒工作(zuo)了，為什(shen)么保護(hu)板還是在(zai)(zai)(zai)發熱呢?

以(yi)上三種方式都以(yi)是參考電(dian)(dian)壓來實現均衡的(de)。但是，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓高不一定代表容量就高，也(ye)許截(jie)然相反。以(yi)下論述。

其優點就是(shi)成本(ben)低，設(she)計簡單，在(zai)電(dian)池電(dian)壓不一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)時能起到一(yi)定(ding)的作用，主(zhu)要體現在(zai)電(dian)池長時間(jian)擱置自(zi)耗引起的電(dian)壓不一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)。理論上是(shi)有微弱的可行性。

缺點(dian)，電路復雜，元件多(duo)，溫度高，防靜(jing)電差(cha)，故障率高。

具體探討如下。

當(dang)新(xin)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池分(fen)(fen)容(rong)分(fen)(fen)壓分(fen)(fen)內阻過后組成PACK，總會有(you)各(ge)別(bie)的(de)(de)單(dan)體容(rong)量(liang)偏低，而往往容(rong)量(liang)最低的(de)(de)那(nei)顆單(dan)體，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)定是上升最快的(de)(de)，也是它(ta)最先到達(da)啟動均(jun)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)，此(ci)時，大(da)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)單(dan)體還沒達(da)到電(dian)(dian)壓點(dian)而沒有(you)啟動均(jun)衡(heng)，小容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)確開(kai)始均(jun)衡(heng)了，這(zhe)樣每一(yi)次的(de)(de)循(xun)環工作，這(zhe)顆小容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)單(dan)體一(yi)直處于飽充(chong)飽放的(de)(de)狀態(tai)下(xia)工作，而它(ta)也是衰老最快的(de)(de)，同時內阻自然也會慢(man)慢(man)的(de)(de)比其它(ta)的(de)(de)單(dan)體增高，從而形成一(yi)個(ge)惡(e)性(xing)循(xun)環。這(zhe)是一(yi)個(ge)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)弊端。

元件越多，故(gu)障率自然就高(gao)了。

溫(wen)度，可(ke)想而知，耗(hao)能式(shi)的(de)，是(shi)想把所謂多余(yu)的(de)電量用(yong)電阻以發(fa)熱(re)(re)的(de)形式(shi)來耗(hao)掉多余(yu)的(de)電能，它確成了名副其實(shi)發(fa)熱(re)(re)源。而高溫(wen)對電芯(xin)本身(shen)來講是(shi)非常致命(ming)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)相當因素，它可(ke)能會讓電池燃燒，也可(ke)能會引起電池爆炸。本來我們(men)是(shi)在(zai)想盡一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切辦(ban)法去減少整個(ge)電池包的(de)溫(wen)度產生(sheng)，而耗(hao)能均衡呢?同時它的(de)溫(wen)度高得驚人，大(da)家可(ke)以去測試(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，當然(ran)是(shi)在(zai)全封閉的(de)環境下。總的(de)來說，它是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)發(fa)熱(re)(re)體，熱(re)(re)是(shi)電池的(de)致命(ming)天(tian)敵。

靜電，我個人(ren)設計(ji)保護(hu)板時(shi)，從來(lai)不用(yong)小功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)MOS管(guan)，哪怕(pa)一(yi)(yi)顆都不用(yong)。因為本人(ren)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)塊吃(chi)過太多的(de)(de)(de)虧了。就是MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)靜電問(wen)題。先不說小MOS在(zai)(zai)工作的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境，就說在(zai)(zai)生產加工PCBA貼片(pian)時(shi)，如(ru)果(guo)車間的(de)(de)(de)濕度(du)(du)低于60%，小MOS生產出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)不良(liang)率(lv)都會超過10%以上(shang)，然(ran)后(hou)再濕度(du)(du)調到80%。小MOS的(de)(de)(de)不良(liang)率(lv)為零。可(ke)以試試。這(zhe)要(yao)表明一(yi)(yi)個什(shen)么(me)問(wen)題呢(ni)?如(ru)果(guo)我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)產品在(zai)(zai)北方的(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)天(tian)，小MOS是否能通過，這(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)時(shi)間來(lai)驗證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)。再有，MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)只有短路(lu)，如(ru)果(guo)短路(lu)那可(ke)想(xiang)而(er)(er)知，就意味(wei)著這(zhe)組電池馬上(shang)要(yao)損(sun)壞(huai)。更何況(kuang)我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)小MOS用(yong)得(de)還不少(shao)呢(ni)。這(zhe)時(shi)有人(ren)會恍然(ran)，難怪退回來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)貨，都是因為均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)壞(huai)掉(diao)而(er)(er)引(yin)起單(dan)體電池損(sun)壞(huai)，而(er)(er)且都是MOS壞(huai)掉(diao)了。這(zhe)時(shi)電芯廠與(yu)保護(hu)板廠開始扯皮了。是誰(shui)的(de)(de)(de)錯呢(ni)?

B能(neng)量轉移(yi)式均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)讓大(da)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式轉移(yi)到小容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽起來感覺很智(zhi)能(neng)很實(shi)用。它(ta)也分容(rong)(rong)量時時均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)與(yu)容(rong)(rong)量定點(dian)均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)以檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量來做均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)好像(xiang)沒考慮到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。可(ke)以想(xiang)想(xiang)，以10AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)為例，假(jia)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中有一(yi)顆容(rong)(rong)量在(zai)10.1AH，一(yi)顆容(rong)(rong)量小點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)9.8AH，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為2A，能(neng)量均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為0.5A。這(zhe)(zhe)時10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要給小容(rong)(rong)量9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就是(shi)(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這(zhe)(zhe)時9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就是(shi)(shi)2.5A，這(zhe)(zhe)時9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量是(shi)(shi)補進去了，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)少呢?顯然會(hui)比(bi)其(qi)它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升得更快，如果到了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定會(hui)大(da)大(da)提前過充保護，在(zai)每一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環，小容(rong)(rong)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直(zhi)處在(zai)深(shen)充深(shen)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)。而其(qi)它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)否有充飽，不確定因素(su)太多(duo)(duo)。微弱直(zhi)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就小分析到這(zhe)(zhe)，分析太多(duo)(duo)怕(pa)不知所云。

其它相關

如果堅持要用到均(jun)(jun)衡功能的人(ren)，我可以斷定(ding)此人(ren)沒有大(da)批量(liang)(liang)生產動力電(dian)(dian)池保護板或PACK的經驗(yan)。如果有大(da)批量(liang)(liang)生產過(guo)，他一定(ding)會在均(jun)(jun)衡上吃不少的虧。個人(ren)認為，均(jun)(jun)衡利用保護板來實現(xian)，有點滑(hua)稽。因為保護板就是(shi)保護的，它(ta)只做電(dian)(dian)池在最極端的時候(hou)起到有效的保護作(zuo)用，它(ta)沒有能力去把電(dian)(dian)池的性能提高(gao)，保護板只是(shi)一個被動部分，難道(dao)家里的保護絲或保護開關能提高(gao)家里的電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)？當然不可能。它(ta)只起到保護作(zuo)用。

電芯

電(dian)芯(xin)才是(shi)主(zhu)動器件(jian),我(wo)們要(yao)提高(gao)的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)芯(xin)上的(de)(de)性能(neng)與技術(shu),主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)致性。再說(shuo)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)做在(zai)保(bao)護板上，不管是(shi)從理(li)論(lun)上還是(shi)實際應用中，它有弊(bi)(bi)有利(li)，但(dan)在(zai)理(li)論(lun)上，均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)作用，但(dan)用處多大，顯然可見(jian)。為(wei)何？因(yin)為(wei)充電(dian)一(yi)(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)2~10A的(de)(de)電(dian)流，而(er)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)我(wo)們最(zui)多只能(neng)做到200mA。這個差別太(tai)多，同時有些均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)案是(shi)在(zai)充電(dian)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)末(mo)端啟動，更顯得于事無補啊。而(er)它有弊(bi)(bi)端的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)面，太(tai)多太(tai)多。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸出負極、充電(dian)(dian)負極、電(dian)(dian)池負極、必(bi)須按順序接線(xian)，不要反接線(xian)路以免(mian)燒壞電(dian)(dian)路元件

2、充(chong)電(dian)線(xian)，放電(dian)線(xian)，電(dian)池負極。盡量用粗線(xian)，否則會(hui)(hui)通不(bu)過大電(dian)流，會(hui)(hui)起到過流保(bao)護，造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)不(bu)工作

3、電池正極輸(shu)出不用經過保護電路，直(zhi)接連接輸(shu)出。