手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)板，顧(gu)名(ming)思義鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)板主要是(shi)針(zhen)對可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（一(yi)(yi)般指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）起保護(hu)作用的集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板。 鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（可充(chong)型）之(zhi)所以需(xu)要保護(hu)，是(shi)由它本身(shen)特性決定的。由于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身(shen)的材料決定了它不能被過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放、過(guo)流(liu)、短(duan)路及(ji)超高溫充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組件總會跟著一(yi)(yi)塊帶采(cai)樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的保護(hu)板和一(yi)(yi)片電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保險器出現。

定義

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)護(hu)功能通(tong)常(chang)由保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)和(he)PTC或(huo)TCO等電(dian)(dian)流器件協同完成，保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)是由電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路組成，在(zai)-40℃至+85℃的(de)環境下時刻(ke)準確的(de)監視電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)充放回路的(de)電(dian)(dian)流，即時控制電(dian)(dian)流回路的(de)通(tong)斷；PTC或(huo)TCO在(zai)高溫環境下防止電(dian)(dian)池發生(sheng)惡劣的(de)損壞。

保護板(ban)通(tong)常包括(kuo)控(kong)制(zhi)IC、MOS開(kai)(kai)關、JEPSUN捷(jie)比(bi)信精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)及(ji)輔助器(qi)件NTC、ID存儲(chu)器(qi),PCB等。其中控(kong)制(zhi)IC，在一(yi)切正常的(de)情況(kuang)下控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開(kai)(kai)關導通(tong)，使電(dian)(dian)芯與外電(dian)(dian)路(lu)溝通(tong)，而當電(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)壓或回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流超過規(gui)定(ding)值時，它(ta)立刻（數十毫秒）控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開(kai)(kai)關關斷，保護電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)安全(quan)。

NTC是Negative temperature coefficient的縮寫，意即負溫度(du)系數(shu)，在環(huan)境溫度(du)升高時(shi)，其阻值降低，使用電(dian)設備或充電(dian)設備及時(shi)反應、控制內部中斷而(er)停(ting)止充放(fang)電(dian)。

ID存(cun)(cun)儲器(qi)(qi)常為單線接(jie)口(kou)存(cun)(cun)儲器(qi)(qi)，ID是(shi)Identification 的縮(suo)寫(xie)即身份識別的意思，存(cun)(cun)儲電池種類、生(sheng)產日期(qi)等信息。可(ke)起到產品的可(ke)追溯和應(ying)用(yong)的限制。

PTC是英文Positive Temperature Coefficient的(de)縮寫，意思是正溫度(du)系數(shu)。專業(ye)里面通常把正溫度(du)系數(shu)器(qi)件簡稱為PTC，電(dian)池產品里PTC可以(yi)防止電(dian)池高溫放電(dian)和不安(an)全的(de)大電(dian)流的(de)發生，根據電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流密(mi)度(du)特(te)性和應(ying)用環境，對PTC有專門的(de)要(yao)求。

PTC是電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)件產品里(li)一個非(fei)常重(zhong)要的部件，對電(dian)池的安全擔負著重(zhong)要使命，它本身的性能和品質(zhi)(zhi)也是電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)性能和品質(zhi)(zhi)的一個重(zhong)要因數。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板對(dui)(dui)單一電(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)時，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板設計會相對(dui)(dui)簡單，技術性較高的(de)地方在(zai)(zai)于(yu)，比如對(dui)(dui)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板設計需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)平(ping)臺(tai)問題，動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)使用中往往被要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很大的(de)平(ping)臺(tai)電(dian)壓(ya)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)設計保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板時盡量使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板不影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，這樣(yang)對(dui)(dui)控制IC，精密電(dian)阻等元件的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)就(jiu)會很高，一般國產(chan)(chan)IC能滿(man)足大多數(shu)產(chan)(chan)品要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，特殊可以(yi)(yi)采用進口產(chan)(chan)品，電(dian)流(liu)采樣(yang)電(dian)阻則需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)使用JEPSUN捷比信電(dian)阻，以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足高精密度(du)(du)(du)，低(di)溫度(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)，無感(gan)等要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對(dui)(dui)多電(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板設計，則有(you)更高的(de)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按照(zhao)不同的(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，設計復(fu)雜程度(du)(du)(du)各不相同的(de)產(chan)(chan)品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過充保護　2、過放(fang)保護　3、過流、短(duan)路保護

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用原配的(de)直(zhi)沖在手機上直(zhi)接(jie)充電(dian)，會(hui)把(ba)電(dian)池保護板的(de)保護電(dian)路自(zi)動(dong)沖開。

2、把(ba)電(dian)(dian)池的正(zheng)負極瞬(shun)間(jian)短路，看(kan)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)極片(pian)上有火花就行了，多試(shi)幾次，然后再用直充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

3、找個5V的直流電(dian)，用正(zheng)(zheng)負極輕觸電(dian)池的正(zheng)(zheng)負極，多試幾(ji)次，再用原充電(dian)器充。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰(li)電(dian)池保護板根據(ju)使(shi)用IC,電(dian)壓等不同而電(dian)路及參(can)數有(you)所不同,常用的保護IC有(you)8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等，其中精(jing)工的8261系列精(jing)度更好，當(dang)然(ran)價(jia)錢也更貴。后面(mian)幾(ji)種都是臺灣出的，國內(nei)次級市場基本都用DW01+和(he)CS213了，下面(mian)以DW01+ 配MOS管8205A（8pin）進行講(jiang)解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之間時，DW01 的(de)第(di)(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao)、第(di)(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)均(jun)輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(等(deng)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為0V。此時DW01 的(de)第(di)(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao) 、第(di)(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將分別加(jia)到(dao)8205A的(de)第(di)(di)(di)5、4腳(jiao)(jiao)，8205A內的(de)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關因(yin)其G極(ji)接到(dao)來自DW01 的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，故(gu)均(jun)處于(yu)導通狀態，即兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關均(jun)處于(yu)開狀態。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)負(fu)極(ji)與保護(hu)板的(de)P-端相當(dang)于(yu)直接連通，保護(hu)板有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)通過(guo)(guo)外接(jie)的(de)(de)負載(zai)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)慢慢降(jiang)低，同時(shi)DW01 內(nei)部將(jiang)(jiang)通過(guo)(guo)R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實(shi)時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下降(jiang)到(dao)約2.3V時(shi)DW01 將(jiang)(jiang)認(ren)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已處(chu)于(yu)過(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，便立即斷開第(di)1腳的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使第(di)1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變為0V，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)開關管因(yin)第(di)5腳無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而關閉。此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-之(zhi)間(jian)處(chu)于(yu)斷開狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)處(chu)于(yu)過(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態并一直保(bao)(bao)持。等到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P 與(yu)(yu)P-間(jian)接(jie)上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，DW01 經(jing)B-檢測(ce)到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后便立即停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，重新在(zai)第(di)1腳輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管導(dao)通，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-又重新接(jie)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)經(jing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接(jie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將越來越高，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高到(dao)4.4V時(shi)，DW01 將認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已處(chu)于(yu)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，便立(li)即斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)第(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使第(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變為0V，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)因第(di)(di)4腳(jiao)(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而關閉(bi)。此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)P-之間(jian)處(chu)于(yu)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)被切(qie)斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)將停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)處(chu)于(yu)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)并一直(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持。等到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)P 與(yu)(yu)P-間(jian)接上(shang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)載(zai)后，因此(ci)時(shi)雖然過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)關閉(bi),但其(qi)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)二極管(guan)(guan)正方向與(yu)(yu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向相同(tong),故(gu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)可以進行放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)被放(fang)(fang)(fang)到(dao)低于(yu)4.3V時(shi)，DW01 停止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)重新(xin)在第(di)(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管(guan)(guan)導(dao)通，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)P-又重新(xin)接上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)又能進行正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在保護(hu)板對(dui)外放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)并不(bu)完全等效于(yu)(yu)(yu)兩(liang)個(ge)機械開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)，而(er)是等效于(yu)(yu)(yu)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，并稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)， 每(mei)(mei)個(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)30mU 03a9共約(yue)為(wei)(wei)60mU 03a9，加在G極(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓實際上是直接控(kong)制每(mei)(mei)個(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1V時，開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)很小(xiao)(幾十毫歐)，相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)閉合(he)，當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.7V以(yi)下(xia)時，開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)很大(da)(da)(da)(幾MΩ)，相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓UA就是8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)則UA必然增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da),因UA0.006L×IUA又稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)壓降，UA可(ke)以(yi)簡接表(biao)明(ming)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)。上升到(dao)(dao)0.2V時便認為(wei)(wei)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流到(dao)(dao)達了極(ji)限值，于(yu)(yu)(yu)是停止第1腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)第1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變為(wei)(wei)0V、8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管(guan)(guan)關(guan)閉，切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路，將(jiang)關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管(guan)(guan)。換(huan)言之DW01 允(yun)許(xu)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流是3.3A，實現了過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)。

短路保護控制過程:

短(duan)路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)是過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的一(yi)種極限形式，其控(kong)制過(guo)(guo)(guo)程及原理與(yu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)樣，短(duan)路只(zhi)是在(zai)相當于在(zai)P P-間(jian)加上一(yi)個(ge)阻(zu)值小的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(約為0Ω)使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)的負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)流(liu)瞬時達到10A以上，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)立(li)即進行過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

發展前景

由于(yu)近幾(ji)年的(de)(de)動力鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)飛速(su)發展，無論是(shi)(shi)生產工藝還(huan)是(shi)(shi)材料技術改(gai)進上(shang)，或價格的(de)(de)優勢，都有(you)(you)相當大的(de)(de)突破(po)，因此它(ta)也(ye)為(wei)(wei)多(duo)并多(duo)串打下(xia)堅實的(de)(de)基礎。替代(dai)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)時代(dai)越(yue)來越(yue)近。無論電(dian)(dian)動自(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)車還(huan)是(shi)(shi)后備電(dian)(dian)源，它(ta)的(de)(de)市(shi)場占有(you)(you)率(lv)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)也(ye)開始瘋狂擴大，這是(shi)(shi)不可否認的(de)(de)事實。那么，為(wei)(wei)了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)安全與壽(shou)命，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)保護(hu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)也(ye)少(shao)不了，此時保護(hu)板在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)內也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一個非常核心的(de)(de)部件之(zhi)一。

理論上來講，動(dong)(dong)力(li)多(duo)(duo)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保護板(ban)已經(jing)沒有太多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)含量了，比(bi)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)與軟件處理，有太多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。其主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)把(ba)保護部(bu)分如(ru)何(he)做到穩(wen)定，可靠，更安(an)全(quan)，更實(shi)(shi)用，當然價格也是(shi)(shi)其中之一(yi)。想(xiang)要(yao)真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)把(ba)它做好，那(nei)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)件非常復(fu)(fu)雜(za)細心而又漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪回工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。如(ru)果(guo)要(yao)按經(jing)驗與技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)占比(bi)比(bi)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)只占20% 。經(jing)驗要(yao)占到80% 。做好動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保護板(ban)沒有個三(san)五年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，還是(shi)(shi)有困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當然做好與能做是(shi)(shi)兩回事。為什(shen)么會有這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)論呢?這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)有依據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。說(shuo)實(shi)(shi)話(hua)，保護板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)并不復(fu)(fu)雜(za)，只要(yao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子行業工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了一(yi)兩年(nian)(nian)，設計個電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)與抄襲人(ren)家一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)不是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么難(nan)事。比(bi)如(ru)：多(duo)(duo)串(chuan)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)他主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，高內阻(zu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(微電(dian)(dian)(dian)流)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)包工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)考量等(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)(zhe)都(dou)牽扯到多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子專業綜合經(jing)驗。大到要(yao)對整個PACK的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解，小到一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)或晶體(ti)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)選型,或是(shi)(shi)布板(ban)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)注意細節(jie)。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)句話(hua)，保護板(ban)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)穩(wen)定，可靠，安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常安(an)全(quan)使用或使用得更久(jiu)，其它添加的(de)(de)(de)(de)特有技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)與功能，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)浮云。

主要作用

1.電(dian)壓保護(hu)：過(guo)充，過(guo)放(fang)，這(zhe)要根據電(dian)池的(de)材料(liao)不同而有所(suo)改(gai)變，這(zhe)點(dian)看似(si)簡單，但要細節上來看，還是有經驗學問的(de)。

過充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，在我們以(yi)往的(de)(de)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都會高出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)50~150mV。但是動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)，如果你要(yao)想延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)，你的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，甚至還要(yao)比此電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)還低些(xie)。比如錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可以(yi)選擇4.18V~4.2V。因(yin)為它(ta)是多串數的(de)(de)，整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)主要(yao)是以(yi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)最低的(de)(de)那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)準(zhun)，小容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)總是在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工作，所以(yi)衰(shuai)減加快。而大容量(liang)(liang)(liang)每次(ci)都是輕充(chong)輕放(fang)(fang)，自然(ran)衰(shuai)減要(yao)慢得多了(le)。為了(le)讓小容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)是輕充(chong)輕放(fang)(fang)，所以(yi)過充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)點不(bu)(bu)要(yao)選擇太高。這個(ge)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)延時可以(yi)做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)(de)影響從(cong)而保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有(you)關(guan)，如錳(meng)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)般選擇在(zai)2.8V~3.0V。盡量要比它單(dan)顆(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)放(fang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓稍高點。因(yin)為，在(zai)國內生(sheng)產的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于3.3V后，各(ge)顆(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性完(wan)全不一(yi)，因(yin)此(ci)是提前保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，這樣對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命是一(yi)個很好(hao)的(de)保護。

總的(de)一(yi)點就是(shi)(shi)盡(jin)量讓每一(yi)顆(ke)電池都工作在輕充輕放(fang)下工作，一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)對電池的(de)壽命是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)幫助。

過放(fang)保護延滯時(shi)間，它要根(gen)據負載的(de)(de)不(bu)同而有所改變，比如電(dian)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)具類(lei)的(de)(de)，他的(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)流一(yi)般都在10C以上，因此(ci)會在短(duan)時(shi)間內把(ba)電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)拉(la)到過放(fang)電(dian)壓(ya)點從而保護。此(ci)時(shi)無法(fa)讓電(dian)池工(gong)作(zuo)。這(zhe)是值得注意的(de)(de)地方。

2.電(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護：它(ta)主要體現在工作電(dian)流(liu)(liu)與過電(dian)流(liu)(liu)使開(kai)(kai)關MOS斷開(kai)(kai)從而保(bao)護電(dian)池組或負(fu)載。

MOS管的(de)損壞主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)溫度急劇升高，它(ta)的(de)發熱也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大小(xiao)及(ji) 本身的(de)內阻來(lai)(lai)決定的(de)，當然小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，對(dui)MOS沒什么(me)影響，但是(shi)大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)呢，這個就要(yao)(yao)好好做些(xie)處理了， 在(zai)通過額(e)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)10A以(yi)下(xia)(xia)，我們可以(yi)直接用電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)(lai)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)MOS管。大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，一定是(shi)要(yao)(yao)加驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)，給MOS足(zu)夠(gou)大的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。以(yi)下(xia)(xia)在(zai)MOS管驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)有講到

工作電(dian)(dian)流，在(zai)設計的時(shi)候，MOS管上不(bu)能存在(zai)超過(guo)0.3W的功(gong)率。計算(suan)工式(shi)：I2*R/N。R為MOS的內阻，N為MOS的數(shu)量(liang)。如果(guo)功(gong)率超過(guo)，MOS會產(chan)生25度(du)以(yi)上的溫(wen)升，又(you)因它們都是密(mi)封的,就算(suan)有散(san)熱片，長時(shi)間工作時(shi)，溫(wen)度(du)還是會上去，因為他沒地(di)方可(ke)散(san)熱。當(dang)然MOS管是沒任何(he)問題，問題是他產(chan)生熱量(liang)會影(ying)響到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，畢竟保護(hu)板是與電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放在(zai)一(yi)起的。

過流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(最大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu))，此(ci)項是(shi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)必不(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)，非常(chang)關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)參數。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小與MOS的(de)(de)(de)功率息息相(xiang)關(guan)，因此(ci)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)時，要(yao)盡量給出MOS能力的(de)(de)(de)余量。在(zai)布板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)時候，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測點一(yi)定要(yao)選好(hao)位置(zhi)，不(bu)能只接(jie)通就行，這需(xu)要(yao)經(jing)驗值。一(yi)般(ban)建議接(jie)在(zai)檢測電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)中間(jian)端。還要(yao)注意電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測端的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾問題，因為它的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號很容(rong)易受(shou)到干(gan)擾。

過流保護延時，它也是要根不同的(de)(de)產品做相應的(de)(de)調整。在此不多說了。

3.短路(lu)保(bao)護：嚴格來(lai)講，他(ta)是(shi)(shi)一個電壓比(bi)較型的保(bao)護，也就是(shi)(shi)講是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電壓的比(bi)較直接關斷或驅動的，不(bu)要經過多余的處理(li)。

短路延時(shi)的設置(zhi)也很(hen)關鍵，因為在我們(men)的產品中，輸入濾波電(dian)容(rong)(rong)都是很(hen)大的，在接觸時(shi)第一時(shi)間給電(dian)容(rong)(rong)充電(dian)，此時(shi)就相(xiang)當于電(dian)池(chi)短路來給電(dian)容(rong)(rong)充電(dian)。

4.溫(wen)度保護：一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)智(zhi)能電池上都會(hui)用到，也是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可少(shao)的(de)(de)。但(dan)往往它的(de)(de)完(wan)美總(zong)會(hui)帶來(lai)另一(yi)方面(mian)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。我們主要是(shi)檢測(ce)電池的(de)(de)溫(wen)度來(lai)斷開總(zong)開關來(lai)保護電池本身或負載(zai)。如(ru)果是(shi)在(zai)一(yi)個恒定(ding)的(de)(de)環境條件下，當然不(bu)(bu)會(hui)有什么問(wen)題。由于電池的(de)(de)工作環境是(shi)我們不(bu)(bu)可控(kong)的(de)(de)，太(tai)(tai)多(duo)太(tai)(tai)復雜(za)的(de)(de)變化(hua)，因此不(bu)(bu)好(hao)選擇(ze)。如(ru)在(zai)北方的(de)(de)冬天，我們定(ding)在(zai)多(duo)少(shao)合(he)適(shi)?又(you)如(ru)夏天的(de)(de)南方地區，又(you)定(ding)多(duo)少(shao)合(he)適(shi)?顯然范圍太(tai)(tai)寬(kuan)不(bu)(bu)可控(kong)的(de)(de)因素太(tai)(tai)多(duo)，仁者見仁，智(zhi)者見智(zhi)的(de)(de)去(qu)選擇(ze)了。

5.MOS保護：主要是MOS的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，電(dian)流與溫度。當然就是牽扯(che)到MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)選型了。MOS的(de)(de)耐壓當然要超過(guo)電(dian)池組的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，這是必(bi)須(xu)的(de)(de)。電(dian)流講(jiang)的(de)(de)是在通(tong)過(guo)額定電(dian)流時MOS管(guan)體上的(de)(de)溫升了一(yi)般不超過(guo)25度的(de)(de)溫升，個(ge)人經驗(yan)值，只供參考。

MOS的(de)(de)驅(qu)動，也(ye)許會有的(de)(de)人會講，我有用(yong)(yong)低內阻大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)MOS管(guan)，但為何還有蠻高(gao)的(de)(de)溫度?這是MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)驅(qu)動部分沒(mei)有做(zuo)好，驅(qu)動MOS要(yao)有足夠(gou)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，具體(ti)多(duo)(duo)大的(de)(de)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，要(yao)根據功率(lv)MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容來定(ding)(ding)。因此，一(yi)般的(de)(de)過流(liu)(liu)(liu)與短(duan)路驅(qu)動都不能用(yong)(yong)芯片直接(jie)驅(qu)動，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)外加。在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(超(chao)過50A)工(gong)作時(shi)，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)多(duo)(duo)級多(duo)(duo)路驅(qu)動，才(cai)能保證MOS的(de)(de)同一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)同一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)正常打開與關閉。因為MOS管(guan)有一(yi)個輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容， MOS管(guan)功率(lv),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)越大，輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容也(ye)就越大，如果沒(mei)有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，不會在短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)做(zuo)出完整(zheng)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)。尤其是電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過50A時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設計上更要(yao)細化，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)多(duo)(duo)級多(duo)(duo)路驅(qu)動控制(zhi)。這樣才(cai)能保證MOS的(de)(de)正常過流(liu)(liu)(liu)與短(duan)路保護。

MOS電流平衡，主(zhu)要(yao)講(jiang)的(de)是(shi)(shi)多顆MOS并起來用時，要(yao)讓每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)顆MOS管通過(guo)的(de)電流，打(da)開與關閉時間都(dou)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)。這就要(yao)在畫板方面(mian)入(ru)手了，它們的(de)輸入(ru)輸出一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)對稱(cheng)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)保證每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個管子通過(guo)的(de)電流是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致這才是(shi)(shi)目的(de)。

6.自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)量(liang), 這個參數是越小越好，最理想的(de)狀態是為(wei)(wei)零，但(dan)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)做到(dao)這一點。就是因為(wei)(wei)人人都想把這個參數做小，有(you)很(hen)多人的(de)要(yao)求更(geng)低，甚至(zhi)離(li)譜，我們想想，保(bao)護板上(shang)有(you)芯(xin)片，它們是要(yao)工作的(de)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)做到(dao)很(hen)低，但(dan)是可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)呢(ni)?應該是在性(xing)能(neng)可(ke)(ke)靠完全OK的(de)情況(kuang)下再來考量(liang)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)的(de)問題。有(you)些朋友也許進入了誤(wu)區，自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)分為(wei)(wei)整體的(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)和每一串的(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)。

整(zheng)(zheng)體自耗電，如果在100~500uA都是沒什么問(wen)題(ti)的(de)，因為動力電池的(de)容量本身就很大。當(dang)然電動工具的(de)另外分析。如5AH的(de)電池，放電500uA，要放多久，因此對(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)個電池組來講(jiang)是很微弱的(de)。

每(mei)串(chuan)自耗(hao)電(dian)才(cai)最(zui)關鍵的(de)，這個也(ye)不(bu)可能(neng)為零，當然(ran)也(ye)是在性能(neng)完全可行情(qing)況下進行，但有一(yi)點，每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)量(liang)一(yi)定(ding)要一(yi)致，一(yi)般每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)差別不(bu)能(neng)超過5uA。這點大家應該知道，如果每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)不(bu)一(yi)時，那么在長時間擱置下，電(dian)池的(de)容量(liang)一(yi)定(ding)會(hui)產生變化的(de)。

7.均(jun)衡：均(jun)衡這一(yi)塊(kuai)是(shi)此文(wen)章的(de)論述的(de)重(zhong)點。目前最通用的(de)均(jun)衡方式(shi)分為(wei)兩種，一(yi)種就是(shi)耗能式(shi)的(de)，另一(yi)種就是(shi)轉能式(shi)的(de)。

A耗能式均衡(heng)，主要是把(ba)多(duo)串電(dian)池中某節(jie)電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)量或(huo)電(dian)壓高的(de)用電(dian)阻把(ba)多(duo)余的(de)電(dian)能損耗掉。它也分如下(xia)三種。

一，充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)均(jun)(jun)衡，它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)任何一顆電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高出所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)池(chi)平均(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，它(ta)(ta)就啟動均(jun)(jun)衡，無論(lun)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)什么范圍，它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)應用在(zai)(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能軟件方案上。當然如何定(ding)義可以(yi)由軟件任意調整。此(ci)方案的(de)優點它(ta)(ta)能有更多的(de)時(shi)(shi)間去(qu)做電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)(jun)衡。

二，電(dian)壓定點(dian)均衡，就(jiu)是把均衡啟動定在(zai)一個電(dian)壓點(dian)上(shang)，如錳鋰電(dian)池，很多就(jiu)定在(zai)4.2V開始均衡。這種方式(shi)只是在(zai)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)的末端進行(xing)，所(suo)以均衡時(shi)間較短，用處可想(xiang)而知。

三，靜(jing)態自動均衡，它也(ye)(ye)可以在充電(dian)(dian)的過程中進行，也(ye)(ye)可以在放電(dian)(dian)時進行，更(geng)有(you)特點(dian)的是，電(dian)(dian)池在靜(jing)態擱置時，如果電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不一致(zhi)時，它也(ye)(ye)在均衡著，直(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)一致(zhi)。但有(you)人認(ren)為，電(dian)(dian)池都沒工作(zuo)了，為什么保(bao)護板還是在發熱呢?

以(yi)上三種方式(shi)都以(yi)是(shi)(shi)參考電(dian)壓來實(shi)現(xian)均衡的(de)。但是(shi)(shi)，電(dian)池電(dian)壓高(gao)不一定(ding)代表容量就高(gao)，也(ye)許截然(ran)相反。以(yi)下論述。

其優點就是成本低，設計簡單，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓不一致時(shi)能起到一定(ding)的(de)作用，主要體現在(zai)(zai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)長時(shi)間擱置自耗引起的(de)電(dian)壓不一致。理論(lun)上(shang)是有微弱的(de)可行性(xing)。

缺點，電路(lu)復雜(za)，元件(jian)多，溫度高，防靜(jing)電差，故障率高。

具體探討如下。

當新(xin)單體電(dian)池分(fen)容(rong)分(fen)壓分(fen)內阻過后組成PACK，總(zong)會(hui)有各(ge)別的(de)(de)(de)單體容(rong)量偏低(di)，而(er)往往容(rong)量最(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)那顆單體，在(zai)充電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中電(dian)壓一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)上升最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)它最(zui)先到達啟動均(jun)衡(heng)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)，此時，大(da)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)單體還沒達到電(dian)壓點(dian)而(er)沒有啟動均(jun)衡(heng)，小(xiao)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)確開始(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)了，這樣每一(yi)(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)(xun)環工作，這顆小(xiao)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)單體一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)處于飽充飽放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)下工作，而(er)它也是(shi)衰老最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)，同時內阻自然也會(hui)慢慢的(de)(de)(de)比其它的(de)(de)(de)單體增高，從而(er)形成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)惡(e)性循(xun)(xun)環。這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)弊端(duan)。

元(yuan)件越多，故障率自然(ran)就高了。

溫度(du)，可(ke)(ke)想而知(zhi)，耗(hao)能(neng)式的(de)，是(shi)(shi)想把(ba)所謂多(duo)余的(de)電(dian)(dian)量用電(dian)(dian)阻以發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)形式來(lai)耗(hao)掉多(duo)余的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，它(ta)確成了(le)名(ming)副其實發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)源。而高(gao)溫對電(dian)(dian)芯本(ben)身來(lai)講是(shi)(shi)非常致(zhi)命的(de)一(yi)個(ge)相(xiang)當因素，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會讓電(dian)(dian)池燃燒，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)池爆炸(zha)。本(ben)來(lai)我(wo)們是(shi)(shi)在想盡一(yi)切辦法去減少(shao)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池包的(de)溫度(du)產生，而耗(hao)能(neng)均衡呢?同時它(ta)的(de)溫度(du)高(gao)得驚人(ren)，大家(jia)可(ke)(ke)以去測(ce)試一(yi)下，當然是(shi)(shi)在全(quan)封(feng)閉的(de)環境下。總的(de)來(lai)說，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)體，熱(re)(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)致(zhi)命天敵(di)。

靜電，我(wo)個人(ren)(ren)設計(ji)保護板時(shi)，從來不(bu)(bu)用(yong)小(xiao)功率的(de)(de)MOS管(guan)，哪怕一顆(ke)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)。因為本人(ren)(ren)在這(zhe)一塊吃(chi)過(guo)太(tai)多的(de)(de)虧(kui)了(le)。就是MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)靜電問題(ti)。先不(bu)(bu)說小(xiao)MOS在工作的(de)(de)環境，就說在生產(chan)加(jia)工PCBA貼片(pian)時(shi)，如(ru)果(guo)車間(jian)的(de)(de)濕度(du)低于60%，小(xiao)MOS生產(chan)出來的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)良率都(dou)(dou)會超(chao)過(guo)10%以上，然(ran)后再濕度(du)調到80%。小(xiao)MOS的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)良率為零(ling)。可以試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)要表(biao)明一個什么(me)問題(ti)呢(ni)(ni)?如(ru)果(guo)我(wo)們的(de)(de)產(chan)品在北(bei)方的(de)(de)冬(dong)天，小(xiao)MOS是否(fou)能通過(guo)，這(zhe)需要時(shi)間(jian)來驗證的(de)(de)。再有(you)(you)，MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)只(zhi)有(you)(you)短(duan)路，如(ru)果(guo)短(duan)路那可想而知，就意味著這(zhe)組電池馬(ma)上要損(sun)壞(huai)。更何況我(wo)們的(de)(de)均衡上的(de)(de)小(xiao)MOS用(yong)得還(huan)不(bu)(bu)少呢(ni)(ni)。這(zhe)時(shi)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)會恍(huang)然(ran)，難怪退回來的(de)(de)貨，都(dou)(dou)是因為均衡壞(huai)掉而引(yin)起單體電池損(sun)壞(huai)，而且都(dou)(dou)是MOS壞(huai)掉了(le)。這(zhe)時(shi)電芯廠與保護板廠開始扯皮了(le)。是誰(shui)的(de)(de)錯呢(ni)(ni)?

B能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉移(yi)(yi)式均衡(heng)(heng)，它是(shi)(shi)讓大容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式轉移(yi)(yi)到(dao)(dao)小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽起來感覺很智能(neng)(neng)(neng)很實用。它也(ye)分(fen)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)時時均衡(heng)(heng)與(yu)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)定點均衡(heng)(heng)。它是(shi)(shi)以檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)來做均衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)好像(xiang)沒考慮到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。可(ke)以想(xiang)想(xiang)，以10AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)為例(li)，假如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)有一(yi)(yi)顆容(rong)(rong)量(liang)在(zai)10.1AH，一(yi)(yi)顆容(rong)(rong)量(liang)小點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)9.8AH，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為2A，能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)均衡(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為0.5A。這時10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要給(gei)小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就是(shi)(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這時9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就是(shi)(shi)2.5A，這時9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)補進去了，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)是(shi)(shi)多少(shao)呢?顯然(ran)會(hui)比(bi)其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升得更快(kuai)，如(ru)果到(dao)(dao)了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)定會(hui)大大提前過充(chong)(chong)保護(hu)，在(zai)每一(yi)(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)直處在(zai)深(shen)充(chong)(chong)深(shen)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態。而(er)其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)否有充(chong)(chong)飽，不(bu)確(que)定因素(su)太多。微弱直觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就小分(fen)析(xi)到(dao)(dao)這，分(fen)析(xi)太多怕(pa)不(bu)知所云。

其它相關

如果堅持要用(yong)到(dao)均(jun)衡(heng)功能(neng)的(de)(de)人(ren)，我可(ke)以斷定此人(ren)沒有(you)大批量生產動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板或PACK的(de)(de)經驗(yan)。如果有(you)大批量生產過(guo)，他一(yi)定會在均(jun)衡(heng)上吃不少的(de)(de)虧(kui)。個人(ren)認為，均(jun)衡(heng)利(li)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板來(lai)實(shi)現，有(you)點滑稽。因為保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板就是(shi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)，它只(zhi)做電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在最極端的(de)(de)時候起到(dao)有(you)效的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)，它沒有(you)能(neng)力去把(ba)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)性能(neng)提(ti)高，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)個被動部分，難道家里的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)絲或保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)開關能(neng)提(ti)高家里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量？當然不可(ke)能(neng)。它只(zhi)起到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。

電芯

電(dian)(dian)芯才是(shi)(shi)主動(dong)器件(jian),我(wo)們要提高的(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯上的(de)性能(neng)與技(ji)術,主要是(shi)(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)性。再說均(jun)衡(heng)做(zuo)在保(bao)護(hu)板上，不管是(shi)(shi)從(cong)理(li)(li)論上還是(shi)(shi)實際應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)，它有弊有利，但(dan)在理(li)(li)論上，均(jun)衡(heng)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)作用(yong)，但(dan)用(yong)處多(duo)(duo)大(da)，顯(xian)(xian)然可見。為何？因為充電(dian)(dian)一(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)在2~10A的(de)電(dian)(dian)流，而(er)均(jun)衡(heng)我(wo)們最多(duo)(duo)只能(neng)做(zuo)到200mA。這(zhe)個(ge)差(cha)別太多(duo)(duo)，同(tong)時(shi)有些均(jun)衡(heng)方案是(shi)(shi)在充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)末端啟動(dong)，更顯(xian)(xian)得于(yu)事無(wu)補啊。而(er)它有弊端的(de)一(yi)面(mian)，太多(duo)(duo)太多(duo)(duo)。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸出負極、充電(dian)負極、電(dian)池負極、必須(xu)按順序接(jie)線(xian)，不要(yao)反接(jie)線(xian)路以免燒(shao)壞電(dian)路元件(jian)

2、充電(dian)線(xian)，放電(dian)線(xian)，電(dian)池負極。盡(jin)量用粗線(xian)，否(fou)則會通不過大(da)電(dian)流(liu)，會起到過流(liu)保護，造成(cheng)電(dian)路不工作

3、電池正(zheng)極輸(shu)出(chu)不用經過(guo)保護(hu)電路(lu)，直(zhi)接連接輸(shu)出(chu)。