【試(shi)用(yong)期陷阱】畢業生試(shi)用(yong)期陷阱有(you)哪些 如(ru)何避免試(shi)用(yong)期陷阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試用(yong)(yong)(yong)再簽勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，一般有試用(yong)(yong)(yong)階段不(bu)簽勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)于合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)等(deng)表現形式。根據(ju)規定：“試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)包含在勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)內。勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)僅約定試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)，試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)成立，該(gai)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)為(wei)(wei)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)。”也就是說，試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)是依附(fu)于勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、以(yi)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)前提條件的(de)，沒(mei)有勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)就沒(mei)有試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)條款(kuan)，不(bu)存在單獨的(de)“試用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一(yi)(yi)些(xie)用(yong)人單位規定的試用(yong)期(qi)限過長，如簽(qian)訂一(yi)(yi)年(nian)期(qi)勞(lao)動合(he)同，試用(yong)期(qi)卻長達6個月。
按(an)規(gui)定(ding)：“勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限3個(ge)月以上(shang)(shang)不(bu)滿1年(nian)的(de)，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)1個(ge)月；勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限1年(nian)以上(shang)(shang)不(bu)滿3年(nian)的(de)，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)2個(ge)月；3年(nian)以上(shang)(shang)固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)限和無(wu)固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)限的(de)勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)6個(ge)月。”如果(guo)勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)約定(ding)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)了法律規(gui)定(ding)的(de)期(qi)(qi)限，勞(lao)動者可以要求變更(geng)相應的(de)勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限，也(ye)可要求用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位對超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)部分按(an)照非試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)工資標準(zhun)支(zhi)付工資。此(ci)外，依據規(gui)定(ding)，勞(lao)動者還有權要求用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位支(zhi)付賠償金。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用(yong)人單位往往以時間太短、考察不全面、還需繼(ji)續努力為理由，在原試用(yong)期屆滿(man)后延(yan)長或(huo)與勞(lao)動者重新(xin)約定試用(yong)期。
按規定(ding)：“同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)勞(lao)動(dong)者只能約(yue)定(ding)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)。”即用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得以任何理由(you)與(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)者重復約(yue)定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)，也不(bu)得對(dui)原來約(yue)定(ding)的試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)進行(xing)延長。如果單(dan)位(wei)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)次試(shi)(shi)用(yong)的合理時間內依(yi)然不(bu)能判(pan)斷勞(lao)動(dong)者是(shi)否勝任工作，就應承擔(dan)由(you)此而(er)帶來的風險。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些用人單位把試(shi)用期職工當作“價廉(lian)物美”的(de)勞動力，試(shi)用期工資常(chang)常(chang)低于最低工資標準，甚至(zhi)“零工資”試(shi)用。
按規定：“勞動(dong)者(zhe)在試用期的(de)(de)工資不(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)本單位(wei)相同(tong)崗位(wei)最(zui)低檔工資或者(zhe)勞動(dong)合同(tong)約(yue)定工資的(de)(de)80%，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)用人單位(wei)所在地的(de)(de)最(zui)低工資標準。”勞動(dong)者(zhe)在試用期內(nei)的(de)(de)工資權益受最(zui)低工資標準和相同(tong)崗位(wei)最(zui)低檔工資或者(zhe)勞動(dong)合同(tong)約(yue)定工資的(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)雙重保(bao)護，因(yin)此試用期不(bu)(bu)是“廉(lian)價期”、 “白用期”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有(you)些(xie)用(yong)人單位為降低用(yong)工成本，以試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)包含在勞動合同(tong)期(qi)限中，或(huo)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)滿再(zai)說為由(you)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)給(gei)勞動者辦理社(she)會(hui)保險，勞動者往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)懂或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢提出異議。
根據(ju)規(gui)定(ding)，勞(lao)動關系自用工之日起(qi)建立，在(zai)試用期間(jian)，用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)和勞(lao)動者同樣存在(zai)勞(lao)動關系，不能因勞(lao)動者的(de)試用期身份而加以限制(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)與其(qi)他勞(lao)動者區別對待。同時，社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險是(shi)國家(jia)實(shi)施的(de)一項(xiang)強制(zhi)(zhi)性的(de)保(bao)(bao)險制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，不管(guan)是(shi)用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)和勞(lao)動者私下約定(ding)免繳社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險費(fei)，還是(shi)以商業保(bao)(bao)險取代社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險，都是(shi)無效的(de)。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些用(yong)人單位(wei)認(ren)(ren)為，既然是試用(yong)，用(yong)人單位(wei)在試用(yong)期(qi)內可以無條件、隨(sui)心(xin)所欲地解除勞動合同(tong)，很多職工也認(ren)(ren)為這是理所當然的事情。
根(gen)據(ju)規(gui)定，在(zai)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)中，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)(wei)證明(ming)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)存在(zai)不(bu)符(fu)合錄(lu)(lu)用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)、嚴重(zhong)違(wei)紀、嚴重(zhong)失(shi)職、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)無效等法定解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)情(qing)形(xing)，才(cai)能依法解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)職工(gong)，否則，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)(wei)不(bu)得解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)(wei)在(zai)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的，還應當向勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)明(ming)理由(you)。如(ru)果用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)(wei)不(bu)能證明(ming)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)“不(bu)符(fu)合錄(lu)(lu)用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)”而隨意解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，屬于違(wei)法解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)有權依法要求用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)(wei)支(zhi)付賠償金。
