【試用期陷阱】畢業生試用期陷阱有哪些 如何避免試用期陷阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)再(zai)簽(qian)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，一般有(you)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)階段(duan)不簽(qian)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)于合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)表現形式(shi)。根據規定：“試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包含在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)內。勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)僅(jin)約(yue)定試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立，該期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)。”也就是說，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是依附于勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、以勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)前提條件的(de)，沒(mei)有(you)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)就沒(mei)有(you)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)條款，不存在單獨(du)的(de)“試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一些用(yong)人單位規定(ding)的試(shi)用(yong)期限過長，如簽(qian)訂一年期勞動合(he)同，試(shi)用(yong)期卻長達6個(ge)月(yue)。
按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)：“勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)3個(ge)月(yue)以上不(bu)(bu)(bu)滿1年的，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過1個(ge)月(yue)；勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)1年以上不(bu)(bu)(bu)滿3年的，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過2個(ge)月(yue)；3年以上固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和無固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過6個(ge)月(yue)。”如果勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)的約定(ding)(ding)超(chao)(chao)過了法律規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者可(ke)以要(yao)求變更相應的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，也可(ke)要(yao)求用人單位對超(chao)(chao)過部分按照非試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)工資(zi)標準支付(fu)工資(zi)。此外，依(yi)據規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者還有權(quan)要(yao)求用人單位支付(fu)賠償金(jin)。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用人單位往往以時間太短(duan)、考察不全面(mian)、還需繼續努力為(wei)理由，在原試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)屆滿后延長或與勞動者(zhe)重新約定試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)。
按規定：“同(tong)一(yi)用(yong)人單位(wei)與同(tong)一(yi)勞動(dong)者只(zhi)能(neng)約(yue)定一(yi)次(ci)試用(yong)期。”即用(yong)人單位(wei)不得以任何理由與勞動(dong)者重復約(yue)定試用(yong)期，也不得對原(yuan)來(lai)約(yue)定的(de)試用(yong)期進行(xing)延長。如果單位(wei)在一(yi)次(ci)試用(yong)的(de)合理時間內依然不能(neng)判斷勞動(dong)者是否(fou)勝任工作，就應承擔由此而帶來(lai)的(de)風險(xian)。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些用人單位把試(shi)(shi)用期職工(gong)當作“價(jia)廉物美”的勞動力，試(shi)(shi)用期工(gong)資常常低于(yu)最低工(gong)資標準，甚(shen)至“零工(gong)資”試(shi)(shi)用。
按規定：“勞(lao)動者(zhe)在(zai)試用(yong)期的工(gong)資(zi)(zi)不得(de)低(di)于(yu)本單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)同(tong)崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)最低(di)檔工(gong)資(zi)(zi)或者(zhe)勞(lao)動合同(tong)約(yue)定工(gong)資(zi)(zi)的80%，并(bing)不得(de)低(di)于(yu)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)所在(zai)地(di)的最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準(zhun)(zhun)。”勞(lao)動者(zhe)在(zai)試用(yong)期內的工(gong)資(zi)(zi)權益(yi)受最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準(zhun)(zhun)和相(xiang)同(tong)崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)最低(di)檔工(gong)資(zi)(zi)或者(zhe)勞(lao)動合同(tong)約(yue)定工(gong)資(zi)(zi)的80%的雙重保護(hu)，因(yin)此試用(yong)期不是“廉價期”、 “白用(yong)期”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些用人單位為降低用工(gong)成本，以試用期(qi)(qi)不(bu)包含(han)在勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同期(qi)(qi)限中(zhong)，或試用期(qi)(qi)滿(man)再說為由，不(bu)給勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)辦理社會保(bao)險(xian)，勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)懂或不(bu)敢提(ti)出異議。
根據規(gui)定，勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)自用工之日起建立，在試(shi)用期間(jian)，用人單位和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)者同樣存在勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)，不(bu)能因(yin)勞(lao)動(dong)者的(de)(de)試(shi)用期身份而加(jia)以(yi)限制(zhi)(zhi)或與其他勞(lao)動(dong)者區別對待。同時(shi)，社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)是(shi)國家實(shi)施的(de)(de)一項強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)的(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)度，不(bu)管是(shi)用人單位和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)者私下約(yue)定免(mian)繳社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)，還(huan)是(shi)以(yi)商(shang)業保(bao)險(xian)取代社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)，都是(shi)無效的(de)(de)。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)認為(wei)，既然(ran)是試用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)在試用(yong)(yong)期內可以無(wu)條件、隨心(xin)所欲地解除勞動合同(tong)，很多職工(gong)也認為(wei)這是理(li)所當然(ran)的事情。
根據規定，在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期中，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位證(zheng)明(ming)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)存在不符合錄用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條件、嚴重(zhong)違紀(ji)、嚴重(zhong)失職、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)無(wu)效等(deng)法定解(jie)(jie)除情形(xing)，才能依法解(jie)(jie)除試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期職工，否則，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位不得(de)解(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期解(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的，還應當向(xiang)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)說明(ming)理(li)由。如果用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位不能證(zheng)明(ming)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)“不符合錄用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條件”而隨意解(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，屬(shu)于違法解(jie)(jie)除，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)有權依法要求用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位支(zhi)付賠償(chang)金。
