【試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)陷(xian)阱】畢業生(sheng)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)陷(xian)阱有哪些(xie) 如何避免試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)陷(xian)阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)再簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，一般(ban)有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)階(jie)段不簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)、試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等同(tong)于合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等表現形式。根據規定：“試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)包含在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)僅約定試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立，該期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。”也就(jiu)是(shi)說，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)依附于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)、以(yi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)為(wei)前提條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)，沒有(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)就(jiu)沒有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)，不存在單獨的(de)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一(yi)些用(yong)人單位規定的試(shi)用(yong)期限過(guo)長(chang)，如簽(qian)訂一(yi)年(nian)期勞動合同，試(shi)用(yong)期卻長(chang)達6個月。
按規定(ding)：“勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限3個月以(yi)(yi)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)滿1年的(de)(de)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過1個月；勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限1年以(yi)(yi)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)滿3年的(de)(de)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過2個月；3年以(yi)(yi)上(shang)固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限和(he)無固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限的(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過6個月。”如(ru)果勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)約定(ding)超(chao)(chao)過了法律規定(ding)的(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限，勞(lao)動(dong)者可以(yi)(yi)要求變更相(xiang)應的(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限，也可要求用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位對超(chao)(chao)過部分按照非試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)工資標準支付工資。此(ci)外，依(yi)據規定(ding)，勞(lao)動(dong)者還有(you)權要求用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位支付賠償金。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有(you)些用(yong)人單(dan)位往往以時間(jian)太短、考(kao)察(cha)不(bu)全(quan)面、還需繼續努力為理由，在原(yuan)試用(yong)期(qi)屆滿后(hou)延長或與勞動(dong)者重新(xin)約定(ding)試用(yong)期(qi)。
按規定(ding)：“同一(yi)用人(ren)單位(wei)與(yu)同一(yi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者只能約(yue)定(ding)一(yi)次(ci)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)。”即(ji)用人(ren)單位(wei)不(bu)得以任何理由與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者重復(fu)約(yue)定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)，也不(bu)得對原來(lai)約(yue)定(ding)的試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)進行延長。如果單位(wei)在一(yi)次(ci)試(shi)(shi)用的合理時(shi)間(jian)內依然不(bu)能判(pan)斷勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者是否勝(sheng)任工作，就(jiu)應(ying)承擔由此而帶(dai)來(lai)的風險。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一(yi)些用人單位把試用期職工當作“價廉(lian)物美”的勞動(dong)力，試用期工資常(chang)常(chang)低于(yu)最低工資標準，甚至“零工資”試用。
按規定：“勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)試用(yong)期(qi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)不得低(di)于(yu)本單位(wei)相(xiang)同(tong)崗(gang)位(wei)最(zui)(zui)低(di)檔工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)或者(zhe)(zhe)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)約定工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)80%，并不得低(di)于(yu)用(yong)人單位(wei)所在(zai)地的(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)標(biao)準。”勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)試用(yong)期(qi)內的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)權益受最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)標(biao)準和相(xiang)同(tong)崗(gang)位(wei)最(zui)(zui)低(di)檔工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)或者(zhe)(zhe)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)約定工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)80%的(de)雙重保護，因此(ci)試用(yong)期(qi)不是“廉價期(qi)”、 “白用(yong)期(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些用(yong)人單位(wei)為降(jiang)低用(yong)工成本，以試用(yong)期不包含(han)在勞(lao)動(dong)合同期限(xian)中，或(huo)試用(yong)期滿再說為由，不給勞(lao)動(dong)者辦理社會(hui)保險，勞(lao)動(dong)者往往不懂或(huo)不敢提(ti)出異議。
根據(ju)規(gui)定，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系自用(yong)工(gong)之日(ri)起建立，在試用(yong)期間，用(yong)人單位(wei)和勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者同樣存在勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系，不(bu)能因勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)試用(yong)期身份而加(jia)以限(xian)制(zhi)或與其他勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者區別對待。同時(shi)，社(she)會保險(xian)是(shi)國家實施的(de)(de)一項(xiang)強制(zhi)性的(de)(de)保險(xian)制(zhi)度，不(bu)管是(shi)用(yong)人單位(wei)和勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者私(si)下約定免(mian)繳(jiao)社(she)會保險(xian)費，還是(shi)以商業保險(xian)取(qu)代社(she)會保險(xian)，都是(shi)無效(xiao)的(de)(de)。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些用(yong)人單位認為(wei)，既然是(shi)試(shi)用(yong)，用(yong)人單位在(zai)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)內可(ke)以無條件、隨心所(suo)欲(yu)地解(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)動合同，很多職工也認為(wei)這(zhe)是(shi)理(li)所(suo)當(dang)然的(de)事情。
根(gen)據規定，在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期中，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)證明勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)存(cun)在不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合(he)(he)錄用(yong)(yong)條件、嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)違(wei)(wei)紀、嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)失職(zhi)、勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)無(wu)效等(deng)法(fa)定解除情形(xing)，才能(neng)依法(fa)解除試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期職(zhi)工，否(fou)則(ze)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)(bu)得解除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期解除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的，還應當向勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)說明理由。如果用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)證明勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)“不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合(he)(he)錄用(yong)(yong)條件”而隨意解除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，屬于(yu)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)解除，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)有(you)權依法(fa)要(yao)求用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)支(zhi)付賠償金。
