【試用期陷(xian)阱】畢業生試用期陷(xian)阱有哪些 如(ru)何(he)避免試用期陷(xian)阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)再簽勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，一般有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)階段不簽勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)、試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)于(yu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)表現形式。根據(ju)規定：“試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)包含(han)在勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限內。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)僅約定試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的，試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立，該(gai)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限為勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限。”也就是(shi)說，試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)依附于(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)、以勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)為前提條件的，沒有(you)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)就沒有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)條款，不存在單獨的“試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)同(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一些用(yong)人(ren)單位規定(ding)的試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期限過長(chang)，如簽(qian)訂一年期勞動(dong)合同，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期卻長(chang)達6個月(yue)。
按(an)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：“勞動(dong)合同(tong)期限(xian)(xian)3個(ge)(ge)月(yue)以(yi)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)滿1年(nian)(nian)的(de)，試(shi)用期不(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過1個(ge)(ge)月(yue)；勞動(dong)合同(tong)期限(xian)(xian)1年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)滿3年(nian)(nian)的(de)，試(shi)用期不(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過2個(ge)(ge)月(yue)；3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)固定(ding)(ding)期限(xian)(xian)和無固定(ding)(ding)期限(xian)(xian)的(de)勞動(dong)合同(tong)，試(shi)用期不(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過6個(ge)(ge)月(yue)。”如果勞動(dong)合同(tong)試(shi)用期的(de)約定(ding)(ding)超(chao)(chao)過了法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)期限(xian)(xian)，勞動(dong)者可以(yi)要求變更相應的(de)勞動(dong)合同(tong)期限(xian)(xian)，也可要求用人(ren)單位對超(chao)(chao)過部分按(an)照非試(shi)用期工資(zi)標準支付工資(zi)。此外(wai)，依據規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，勞動(dong)者還(huan)有權要求用人(ren)單位支付賠償金。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些(xie)用人單位(wei)往往以(yi)時間太短、考察不(bu)全面、還(huan)需繼續努(nu)力為理由，在原試用期屆滿后延(yan)長或與勞動(dong)者重新(xin)約定試用期。
按(an)規定(ding)(ding)：“同一(yi)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)同一(yi)勞動(dong)者只能(neng)約定(ding)(ding)一(yi)次試(shi)用(yong)期。”即(ji)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得(de)以任何理由與(yu)勞動(dong)者重復(fu)約定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用(yong)期，也不(bu)得(de)對原來約定(ding)(ding)的(de)試(shi)用(yong)期進行延(yan)長(chang)。如(ru)果單(dan)位(wei)在一(yi)次試(shi)用(yong)的(de)合理時間內依然不(bu)能(neng)判斷勞動(dong)者是否勝任工作，就應承(cheng)擔(dan)由此而帶(dai)來的(de)風險。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些用(yong)人單位把試(shi)用(yong)期職工當作“價廉物美”的(de)勞動(dong)力，試(shi)用(yong)期工資(zi)常常低于最(zui)低工資(zi)標(biao)準，甚至“零工資(zi)”試(shi)用(yong)。
按(an)規(gui)定(ding)：“勞動(dong)者在(zai)試用期(qi)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)不(bu)得低(di)(di)于(yu)本單位相同崗位最(zui)低(di)(di)檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)或者勞動(dong)合(he)同約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的80%，并不(bu)得低(di)(di)于(yu)用人單位所(suo)在(zai)地的最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)。”勞動(dong)者在(zai)試用期(qi)內的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)權益受(shou)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)和相同崗位最(zui)低(di)(di)檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)或者勞動(dong)合(he)同約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的80%的雙重保護(hu)，因此試用期(qi)不(bu)是“廉價期(qi)”、 “白用期(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些(xie)用(yong)人單位為降低用(yong)工成本(ben)，以試用(yong)期不(bu)包含在勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)期限(xian)中，或(huo)試用(yong)期滿再(zai)說為由，不(bu)給勞(lao)動(dong)者辦理社會保(bao)險，勞(lao)動(dong)者往往不(bu)懂或(huo)不(bu)敢提出異議。
根據規定，勞動關系(xi)自用工(gong)之(zhi)日(ri)起建立，在(zai)試用期(qi)間，用人(ren)(ren)單位和勞動者同(tong)樣存在(zai)勞動關系(xi)，不(bu)能因(yin)勞動者的試用期(qi)身份而加(jia)以(yi)限制或與(yu)其他勞動者區別對待(dai)。同(tong)時，社會保險(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家實(shi)施的一項強(qiang)制性的保險(xian)(xian)制度，不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)單位和勞動者私下約定免繳社會保險(xian)(xian)費，還是(shi)(shi)以(yi)商業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)取代(dai)社會保險(xian)(xian)，都是(shi)(shi)無效的。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些(xie)用人(ren)單位(wei)認(ren)(ren)為，既然是(shi)試(shi)用，用人(ren)單位(wei)在試(shi)用期內可以無條件、隨心所(suo)欲地(di)解除勞動合(he)同，很(hen)多職工也認(ren)(ren)為這是(shi)理(li)所(suo)當然的事情。
根據規定(ding)，在試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)中，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)證明(ming)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者存在不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)錄用(yong)(yong)條件(jian)(jian)、嚴(yan)重(zhong)違(wei)紀、嚴(yan)重(zhong)失職、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)無效等(deng)法定(ding)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除情形，才能(neng)依法解(jie)(jie)(jie)除試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)職工，否(fou)則，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得(de)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)在試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的，還應(ying)當向勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者說明(ming)理由。如果用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)能(neng)證明(ming)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者“不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)錄用(yong)(yong)條件(jian)(jian)”而(er)隨(sui)意解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，屬于違(wei)法解(jie)(jie)(jie)除，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者有權依法要求用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)支付賠償(chang)金。
