【試用期(qi)陷(xian)阱】畢(bi)業生試用期(qi)陷(xian)阱有哪些 如何避免試用期(qi)陷(xian)阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)再(zai)簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，一般有試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)階段不(bu)簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)等同(tong)(tong)于合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)等表(biao)現形式。根據(ju)規(gui)定：“試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)包含(han)在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限內(nei)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)僅(jin)約定試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)的，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)成立(li)，該(gai)期(qi)(qi)限為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限。”也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)是(shi)依附(fu)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、以勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)為前提(ti)條(tiao)件的，沒有勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)就(jiu)(jiu)沒有試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)條(tiao)款，不(bu)存在單獨的“試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一些用人單位規定的(de)試(shi)用期限過長，如簽(qian)訂一年(nian)期勞動(dong)合同，試(shi)用期卻長達(da)6個(ge)月。
按規定(ding)(ding)：“勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)3個月以上(shang)不滿1年的(de)(de)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不得超過(guo)(guo)1個月；勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)1年以上(shang)不滿3年的(de)(de)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不得超過(guo)(guo)2個月；3年以上(shang)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)和無(wu)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不得超過(guo)(guo)6個月。”如果勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)約定(ding)(ding)超過(guo)(guo)了(le)法(fa)律規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者可以要(yao)求變更相應的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)，也可要(yao)求用(yong)人單位對(dui)超過(guo)(guo)部(bu)分(fen)按照非試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)資標準(zhun)支付工(gong)資。此外(wai)，依(yi)據規定(ding)(ding)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者還有權要(yao)求用(yong)人單位支付賠償金。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用(yong)人(ren)單位往往以時間(jian)太(tai)短、考察不全面、還需繼續努力為(wei)理由，在原試用(yong)期屆滿(man)后延長或與勞動者重(zhong)新(xin)約定試用(yong)期。
按規定(ding)：“同一(yi)(yi)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)與同一(yi)(yi)勞(lao)動者只能約定(ding)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)。”即(ji)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得以任何理由與勞(lao)動者重復約定(ding)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)，也不(bu)得對原來約定(ding)的(de)(de)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)進行延(yan)長(chang)。如(ru)果單(dan)位(wei)在一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)試(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)合理時間內依(yi)然不(bu)能判斷(duan)勞(lao)動者是否勝任工作(zuo)，就應承擔(dan)由此而帶來的(de)(de)風險。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些用人單位把試(shi)用期(qi)職工當作(zuo)“價廉物美(mei)”的(de)勞動力，試(shi)用期(qi)工資常(chang)常(chang)低(di)于(yu)最(zui)低(di)工資標準，甚(shen)至“零工資”試(shi)用。
按規定：“勞動者(zhe)(zhe)在試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)不得低于本(ben)單位相同(tong)崗位最(zui)低檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)勞動合同(tong)約定工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)80%，并不得低于用(yong)人單位所在地的(de)最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準。”勞動者(zhe)(zhe)在試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)權益受最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準和相同(tong)崗位最(zui)低檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)勞動合同(tong)約定工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)80%的(de)雙重(zhong)保護，因此試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不是“廉價期(qi)(qi)”、 “白(bai)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些(xie)用人單位為降(jiang)低用工(gong)成本，以(yi)試用期(qi)不(bu)包含在(zai)勞(lao)動合同期(qi)限中(zhong)，或試用期(qi)滿再說為由，不(bu)給勞(lao)動者辦(ban)理(li)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險，勞(lao)動者往往不(bu)懂或不(bu)敢提(ti)出異議。
根據規定，勞(lao)(lao)動關系自用(yong)工之日起建(jian)立，在試(shi)用(yong)期間，用(yong)人單(dan)位和勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)(zhe)同樣存在勞(lao)(lao)動關系，不(bu)能(neng)因勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)試(shi)用(yong)期身(shen)份而加以限(xian)制或與(yu)其(qi)他勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)(zhe)區別對待。同時(shi)，社(she)會保險(xian)(xian)是國(guo)家實施的(de)一項(xiang)強制性的(de)保險(xian)(xian)制度(du)，不(bu)管是用(yong)人單(dan)位和勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)(zhe)私下(xia)約定免繳社(she)會保險(xian)(xian)費，還是以商業保險(xian)(xian)取代社(she)會保險(xian)(xian)，都是無效的(de)。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些用(yong)(yong)人單位認為，既然(ran)是試用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)人單位在試用(yong)(yong)期內(nei)可以無條(tiao)件、隨心所欲地解除勞(lao)動(dong)合同，很(hen)多職工也認為這是理所當然(ran)的事情。
根據規(gui)定，在試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期中(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)證(zheng)(zheng)明勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)存在不(bu)符(fu)合(he)(he)錄(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件、嚴(yan)重違紀、嚴(yan)重失職、勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同無效等(deng)法(fa)定解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)情形，才能(neng)依(yi)法(fa)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期職工，否則(ze)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)不(bu)得解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)在試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的，還應當向勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)說明理(li)由。如果用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)不(bu)能(neng)證(zheng)(zheng)明勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)“不(bu)符(fu)合(he)(he)錄(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件”而隨(sui)意解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，屬于違法(fa)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)，勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)有權(quan)依(yi)法(fa)要求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)支付賠償(chang)金。
