【試(shi)用期陷(xian)(xian)阱(jing)(jing)(jing)】畢業生試(shi)用期陷(xian)(xian)阱(jing)(jing)(jing)有哪些 如何避免試(shi)用期陷(xian)(xian)阱(jing)(jing)(jing)
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)再簽勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，一般(ban)有試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)階段不(bu)簽勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)、試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)等同(tong)(tong)于合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)等表現形式。根據規定(ding)：“試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)包含在(zai)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)限內。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)僅約定(ding)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)的，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)成立，該期(qi)限為勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)限。”也就(jiu)是(shi)說，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)是(shi)依(yi)附于勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)、以勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)為前提條件(jian)的，沒(mei)有勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)就(jiu)沒(mei)有試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)條款，不(bu)存在(zai)單獨(du)的“試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)合(he)同(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一些用人(ren)單位規(gui)定的試用期限(xian)過(guo)長(chang)，如簽訂一年期勞動合同(tong)，試用期卻長(chang)達6個月。
按規定(ding)：“勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)期(qi)限3個月(yue)(yue)以(yi)上(shang)不(bu)滿1年(nian)的，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得(de)超(chao)過(guo)1個月(yue)(yue)；勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)期(qi)限1年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)不(bu)滿3年(nian)的，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得(de)超(chao)過(guo)2個月(yue)(yue)；3年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)固定(ding)期(qi)限和無固定(ding)期(qi)限的勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得(de)超(chao)過(guo)6個月(yue)(yue)。”如果(guo)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)的約定(ding)超(chao)過(guo)了法(fa)律規定(ding)的期(qi)限，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者可以(yi)要求(qiu)變更相應的勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)期(qi)限，也可要求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)對(dui)超(chao)過(guo)部分按照非試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)工資標準支付(fu)工資。此外(wai)，依據規定(ding)，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者還有(you)權要求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)支付(fu)賠(pei)償金(jin)。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用(yong)人單位往(wang)往(wang)以時(shi)間太(tai)短、考察不全(quan)面、還需繼(ji)續(xu)努(nu)力為理由，在(zai)原試(shi)用(yong)期屆(jie)滿后(hou)延長或與勞動者(zhe)重新約(yue)定試(shi)用(yong)期。
按規定(ding)(ding)：“同一(yi)用(yong)人單位與同一(yi)勞動者只能(neng)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期。”即(ji)用(yong)人單位不得以(yi)任(ren)何(he)理由與勞動者重復約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期，也不得對原來(lai)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)的試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期進行(xing)延長。如果單位在一(yi)次(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)的合(he)理時(shi)間內依然不能(neng)判斷勞動者是否勝(sheng)任(ren)工作，就應承(cheng)擔由此(ci)而帶(dai)來(lai)的風險(xian)。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些(xie)用人單位把試用期職工當作(zuo)“價廉物(wu)美(mei)”的(de)勞動(dong)力，試用期工資(zi)常常低于最低工資(zi)標準，甚至“零工資(zi)”試用。
按規(gui)定(ding)：“勞動者(zhe)(zhe)在試用期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資不(bu)得低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)本單(dan)位相(xiang)同崗位最(zui)低(di)(di)檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)資或者(zhe)(zhe)勞動合同約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)80%，并(bing)不(bu)得低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)用人單(dan)位所(suo)在地的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資標準。”勞動者(zhe)(zhe)在試用期(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資權(quan)益(yi)受(shou)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資標準和相(xiang)同崗位最(zui)低(di)(di)檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)資或者(zhe)(zhe)勞動合同約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)雙重保護(hu)，因此試用期(qi)不(bu)是(shi)“廉價(jia)期(qi)”、 “白用期(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些(xie)用(yong)人單位(wei)為降低用(yong)工成本，以(yi)試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)包含(han)在勞動(dong)合同(tong)期(qi)(qi)限中(zhong)，或(huo)試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)滿再說為由，不(bu)給勞動(dong)者辦理社(she)會保(bao)險，勞動(dong)者往往不(bu)懂(dong)或(huo)不(bu)敢提出異議。
根(gen)據規定，勞(lao)(lao)動關系(xi)自用工之日起建立，在試用期間，用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)同樣存在勞(lao)(lao)動關系(xi)，不能因勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)的(de)試用期身份而(er)加以(yi)限制(zhi)或與其(qi)他勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)區別對待。同時，社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)國家實施的(de)一項強(qiang)制(zhi)性的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)制(zhi)度，不管是(shi)(shi)(shi)用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)私下約定免(mian)繳(jiao)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)取代社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無效的(de)。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位認(ren)為，既然(ran)是試用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位在試用(yong)(yong)期內(nei)可(ke)以無條件、隨心(xin)所(suo)欲(yu)地解(jie)除勞動合同(tong)，很多職工也認(ren)為這是理(li)所(suo)當然(ran)的事情(qing)。
根據規定，在(zai)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)中(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)證(zheng)明勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)存(cun)在(zai)不符(fu)合(he)(he)錄用(yong)(yong)條件、嚴重(zhong)違(wei)紀(ji)、嚴重(zhong)失職(zhi)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同無效(xiao)等法(fa)(fa)定解除(chu)情形，才能依法(fa)(fa)解除(chu)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)職(zhi)工，否則，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)不得解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同。用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)在(zai)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的，還應當向勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)說明理由。如(ru)果用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)不能證(zheng)明勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)“不符(fu)合(he)(he)錄用(yong)(yong)條件”而隨意(yi)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，屬于違(wei)法(fa)(fa)解除(chu)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)有權依法(fa)(fa)要求用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)支付賠償(chang)金。
