一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫銅(tong)是銅(tong)含量很(hen)高的(de)銅(tong)，以純銅(tong)為基體加入(ru)一種或幾種其他(ta)元素(su)所(suo)構成的(de)合金(jin)。純銅(tong)呈紫紅色，又稱(cheng)紫銅(tong)。純銅(tong)密(mi)度為8.96，熔(rong)點為1083℃，具有優良的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)、導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)、延展性(xing)和耐蝕性(xing)。主要用于制作發電(dian)機、母線(xian)、電(dian)纜、開關裝置(zhi)(zhi)、變壓器(qi)(qi)等(deng)電(dian)工器(qi)(qi)材和熱(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)換器(qi)(qi)、管道、太陽能加熱(re)(re)(re)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)平板集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)導熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)材。

2、黃銅

黃銅是由銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)鋅所組(zu)成的(de)合(he)(he)金，具有美觀的(de)黃(huang)(huang)色，統稱(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅二元合(he)(he)金稱(cheng)普通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或稱(cheng)簡單黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。為了改善普通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，常(chang)添加其(qi)他(ta)元素，如鋁、鎳、錳、錫(xi)、硅、鉛等(deng)。鋁能(neng)提高黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)強度、硬度和(he)耐(nai)蝕性(xing)(xing)，但使塑(su)性(xing)(xing)降低(di)，適合(he)(he)作海(hai)(hai)輪冷凝管及其(qi)他(ta)耐(nai)蝕零件。錫(xi)能(neng)提高黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)強度和(he)對海(hai)(hai)水的(de)耐(nai)腐(fu)性(xing)(xing)，故稱(cheng)海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，用(yong)作船舶(bo)熱工設備和(he)螺(luo)旋槳等(deng)。鉛能(neng)改善黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)切削性(xing)(xing)能(neng)；這種易切削黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)用(yong)作鐘表零件。黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄件常(chang)用(yong)來制作閥門和(he)管道配件等(deng)。

3、青銅

青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)和除了鋅和鎳以外的(de)元(yuan)素形成的(de)合(he)金(jin)，主要有錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，鋁青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)等。錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)鑄(zhu)造性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、減(jian)摩性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)和機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)，適(shi)合(he)於(wu)制造軸(zhou)承(cheng)、蝸輪(lun)、齒輪(lun)等。鉛青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)現(xian)代發動機(ji)和磨床廣泛使用(yong)(yong)的(de)軸(zhou)承(cheng)材(cai)料。鋁青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)強度高，耐磨性(xing)(xing)和耐蝕性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，用(yong)(yong)於(wu)鑄(zhu)造高載荷的(de)齒輪(lun)、軸(zhou)套、船用(yong)(yong)螺旋槳(jiang)等。鈹(pi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)和磷青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)彈性(xing)(xing)極(ji)限高，導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，適(shi)於(wu)制造精(jing)密彈簧和電(dian)接觸元(yuan)件，鈹(pi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)還用(yong)(yong)來制造煤礦、油(you)庫等使用(yong)(yong)的(de)無火(huo)花工具。

4、白銅

以(yi)鎳為(wei)(wei)主要添加元素的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳二(er)元合(he)(he)金稱(cheng)普通白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；加有錳、鐵(tie)、鋅、鋁等元素的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金稱(cheng)復雜白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。工(gong)業用白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分為(wei)(wei)結(jie)構(gou)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結(jie)構(gou)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)機械性能和耐蝕性好，色澤美觀(guan)。這種白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廣泛用於制造(zao)精(jing)密機械、化工(gong)機械和船舶構(gou)件。電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良好的(de)(de)熱電(dian)性能。錳銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、康(kang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、考(kao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)含(han)錳量(liang)不同的(de)(de)錳白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)制造(zao)精(jing)密電(dian)工(gong)儀器、變阻(zu)器、精(jing)密電(dian)阻(zu)、應(ying)變片、熱電(dian)偶等用的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)貴(gui)，白(bai)銅(tong)次之，隨后是青銅(tong)，最(zui)便(bian)宜的(de)是黃銅(tong)。不過最(zui)便(bian)宜的(de)也要比鐵貴(gui)出幾(ji)倍。