一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫銅是銅含量很高的銅，以(yi)純(chun)銅為(wei)基體加(jia)入一種或幾(ji)種其他元(yuan)素(su)所構成的合(he)金。純(chun)銅呈紫紅色，又稱(cheng)紫銅。純(chun)銅密(mi)度為(wei)8.96，熔點為(wei)1083℃，具有(you)優良的導電性、導熱(re)(re)(re)性、延展性和耐蝕(shi)性。主要用(yong)于制作發電機、母線、電纜、開關裝置、變壓器等電工器材和熱(re)(re)(re)交換器、管道、太陽能加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)裝置的平板集熱(re)(re)(re)器等導熱(re)(re)(re)器材。

2、黃銅

黃銅是由銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和鋅所組成的合金，具有美觀的黃(huang)(huang)色，統稱(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅二元合金稱(cheng)普(pu)通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或稱(cheng)簡單(dan)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。為了改善(shan)普(pu)通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的性能(neng)，常添加其他元素，如鋁、鎳(nie)、錳、錫、硅(gui)、鉛等。鋁能(neng)提高黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的強度、硬度和耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)性，但(dan)使塑性降(jiang)低，適合作(zuo)海(hai)輪(lun)冷凝管(guan)及(ji)其他耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)零(ling)件(jian)。錫能(neng)提高黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的強度和對海(hai)水(shui)的耐(nai)腐(fu)性，故稱(cheng)海(hai)軍黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，用作(zuo)船舶熱工設備和螺旋槳等。鉛能(neng)改善(shan)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的切削(xue)性能(neng)；這種易切削(xue)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)常用作(zuo)鐘表零(ling)件(jian)。黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄件(jian)常用來制(zhi)作(zuo)閥門(men)和管(guan)道配件(jian)等。

3、青銅

青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)和(he)除(chu)了鋅和(he)鎳(nie)以外的元素形成的合金(jin)，主(zhu)要有錫青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，鋁(lv)(lv)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)。錫青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)的鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)性(xing)能、減摩性(xing)能好(hao)和(he)機械性(xing)能好(hao)，適合於(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)軸(zhou)承(cheng)、蝸輪(lun)、齒輪(lun)等(deng)(deng)。鉛青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是現代發(fa)動(dong)機和(he)磨床廣(guang)泛使(shi)用的軸(zhou)承(cheng)材料。鋁(lv)(lv)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)強(qiang)度高(gao)，耐(nai)磨性(xing)和(he)耐(nai)蝕性(xing)好(hao)，用於(wu)鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)高(gao)載荷的齒輪(lun)、軸(zhou)套、船(chuan)用螺旋槳等(deng)(deng)。鈹青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)和(he)磷青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)的彈(dan)性(xing)極限高(gao)，導電性(xing)好(hao)，適於(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)精密彈(dan)簧和(he)電接觸元件(jian)，鈹青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)還用來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)煤(mei)礦(kuang)、油(you)庫等(deng)(deng)使(shi)用的無(wu)火(huo)花(hua)工具。

4、白銅

以鎳為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)添加(jia)元(yuan)素(su)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳二元(yuan)合金稱(cheng)普通白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；加(jia)有錳、鐵(tie)、鋅、鋁等元(yuan)素(su)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金稱(cheng)復(fu)雜白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。工(gong)(gong)業用(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和電工(gong)(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)能和耐蝕性(xing)好(hao)(hao)，色(se)澤美觀(guan)。這(zhe)種(zhong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廣泛用(yong)於制(zhi)造(zao)精密(mi)機(ji)械(xie)、化工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)和船(chuan)舶構(gou)件。電工(gong)(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般(ban)有良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)熱(re)電性(xing)能。錳銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)含錳量不(bu)同的(de)(de)錳白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)造(zao)精密(mi)電工(gong)(gong)儀器、變(bian)阻(zu)器、精密(mi)電阻(zu)、應變(bian)片、熱(re)電偶(ou)等用(yong)的(de)(de)材(cai)料。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)(zui)貴，白銅(tong)次之，隨后(hou)是青銅(tong)，最(zui)(zui)便宜的是黃銅(tong)。不過最(zui)(zui)便宜的也要(yao)比(bi)鐵貴出幾倍。