一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫銅(tong)是銅(tong)含量很高的(de)銅(tong)，以(yi)純銅(tong)為基體加入(ru)一種(zhong)或幾種(zhong)其他元素所構成的(de)合金。純銅(tong)呈紫紅色，又稱紫銅(tong)。純銅(tong)密度(du)為8.96，熔點為1083℃，具有優良的(de)導電(dian)性、導熱性、延(yan)展(zhan)性和(he)耐(nai)蝕性。主要用于制作發(fa)電(dian)機、母(mu)線、電(dian)纜、開關裝(zhuang)置、變(bian)壓(ya)器等(deng)電(dian)工器材和(he)熱交換(huan)器、管道、太陽能加熱裝(zhuang)置的(de)平板(ban)集熱器等(deng)導熱器材。

2、黃銅

黃銅是(shi)由(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)鋅所(suo)組成的(de)(de)(de)合(he)金，具有美觀的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)色，統(tong)稱黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅二元(yuan)合(he)金稱普(pu)通黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或稱簡單黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。為了(le)改善普(pu)通黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)，常添加其(qi)他(ta)元(yuan)素，如鋁(lv)、鎳、錳、錫、硅(gui)、鉛等。鋁(lv)能(neng)提(ti)高黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)強度、硬(ying)度和(he)耐蝕性，但使塑性降(jiang)低，適合(he)作(zuo)海(hai)輪冷凝管(guan)及其(qi)他(ta)耐蝕零件。錫能(neng)提(ti)高黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)強度和(he)對海(hai)水的(de)(de)(de)耐腐性，故稱海(hai)軍(jun)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，用作(zuo)船舶(bo)熱(re)工設備和(he)螺旋槳等。鉛能(neng)改善黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)切削性能(neng)；這種易切削黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)常用作(zuo)鐘表零件。黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄件常用來制作(zuo)閥門和(he)管(guan)道(dao)配(pei)件等。

3、青銅

青銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)和(he)除了鋅和(he)鎳以外的元(yuan)素(su)形成(cheng)的合金，主要有錫(xi)青銅(tong)(tong)，鋁(lv)青銅(tong)(tong)等(deng)。錫(xi)青銅(tong)(tong)的鑄(zhu)造(zao)性(xing)能(neng)、減摩性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)和(he)機械性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)，適(shi)合於制造(zao)軸(zhou)承、蝸輪(lun)(lun)、齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)等(deng)。鉛青銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)現代發(fa)動機和(he)磨(mo)床廣泛(fan)使(shi)用的軸(zhou)承材料(liao)。鋁(lv)青銅(tong)(tong)強度高，耐磨(mo)性(xing)和(he)耐蝕性(xing)好(hao)，用於鑄(zhu)造(zao)高載(zai)荷的齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)、軸(zhou)套、船用螺旋槳等(deng)。鈹青銅(tong)(tong)和(he)磷青銅(tong)(tong)的彈(dan)性(xing)極限(xian)高，導電性(xing)好(hao)，適(shi)於制造(zao)精密彈(dan)簧和(he)電接觸(chu)元(yuan)件，鈹青銅(tong)(tong)還(huan)用來制造(zao)煤礦、油庫等(deng)使(shi)用的無火花工(gong)具。

4、白銅

以鎳為(wei)主要(yao)添(tian)加(jia)元(yuan)素的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳二元(yuan)合金稱普通白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)；加(jia)有錳(meng)(meng)(meng)、鐵、鋅、鋁等元(yuan)素的白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金稱復雜白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。工(gong)業用白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)分為(wei)結構白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的特(te)點(dian)是機(ji)械(xie)性能和耐(nai)蝕性好，色澤美觀。這種白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)廣泛(fan)用於制造精密(mi)機(ji)械(xie)、化工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)和船舶構件。電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良好的熱電(dian)性能。錳(meng)(meng)(meng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、康(kang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、考(kao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是含錳(meng)(meng)(meng)量(liang)不同的錳(meng)(meng)(meng)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，是制造精密(mi)電(dian)工(gong)儀器、變(bian)阻器、精密(mi)電(dian)阻、應變(bian)片(pian)、熱電(dian)偶(ou)等用的材料(liao)。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)貴，白銅次之(zhi)，隨(sui)后是(shi)青銅，最(zui)便宜(yi)的(de)是(shi)黃銅。不過最(zui)便宜(yi)的(de)也要比鐵貴出幾(ji)倍。