一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫銅是銅含量很高(gao)的銅，以(yi)純銅為(wei)基體加入一種或幾種其他元素所(suo)構成的合金。純銅呈紫紅色，又稱紫銅。純銅密(mi)度為(wei)8.96，熔點為(wei)1083℃，具有(you)優良的導(dao)(dao)電(dian)性、導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)性、延展性和耐蝕(shi)性。主(zhu)要用于制作發(fa)電(dian)機、母線、電(dian)纜、開(kai)關裝置、變壓器(qi)等(deng)電(dian)工器(qi)材和熱(re)(re)交換器(qi)、管(guan)道、太陽能加熱(re)(re)裝置的平板集熱(re)(re)器(qi)等(deng)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)器(qi)材。

2、黃銅

黃銅是由銅(tong)和鋅(xin)所組成的合(he)金，具有美觀的黃(huang)色，統稱黃(huang)銅(tong)。銅(tong)鋅(xin)二元合(he)金稱普通黃(huang)銅(tong)或(huo)稱簡單黃(huang)銅(tong)。為了改(gai)(gai)善普通黃(huang)銅(tong)的性能(neng)(neng)，常添(tian)加其他(ta)元素，如鋁(lv)、鎳、錳、錫、硅、鉛等。鋁(lv)能(neng)(neng)提高黃(huang)銅(tong)的強度(du)、硬度(du)和耐蝕性，但使塑(su)性降低，適合(he)作海輪冷凝(ning)管及其他(ta)耐蝕零件(jian)。錫能(neng)(neng)提高黃(huang)銅(tong)的強度(du)和對海水的耐腐(fu)性，故稱海軍黃(huang)銅(tong)，用作船(chuan)舶熱(re)工設備和螺旋槳等。鉛能(neng)(neng)改(gai)(gai)善黃(huang)銅(tong)的切削性能(neng)(neng)；這種易切削黃(huang)銅(tong)常用作鐘(zhong)表(biao)零件(jian)。黃(huang)銅(tong)鑄件(jian)常用來制(zhi)作閥門和管道配件(jian)等。

3、青銅

青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和除了鋅和鎳以外的(de)元(yuan)素形成(cheng)的(de)合(he)金，主要有錫青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)。錫青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)鑄造(zao)性能(neng)、減摩性能(neng)好(hao)和機械性能(neng)好(hao)，適合(he)於制(zhi)造(zao)軸承(cheng)、蝸輪、齒(chi)(chi)輪等(deng)(deng)。鉛青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是現代發動機和磨床廣泛使用(yong)的(de)軸承(cheng)材料(liao)。鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)強度高，耐磨性和耐蝕性好(hao)，用(yong)於鑄造(zao)高載荷的(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪、軸套、船用(yong)螺旋槳等(deng)(deng)。鈹青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和磷青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)彈(dan)性極(ji)限高，導電性好(hao)，適於制(zhi)造(zao)精密(mi)彈(dan)簧(huang)和電接觸元(yuan)件，鈹青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還用(yong)來制(zhi)造(zao)煤礦、油庫等(deng)(deng)使用(yong)的(de)無(wu)火(huo)花工具(ju)。

4、白銅

以鎳(nie)為主要添加元素的(de)銅合金。銅鎳(nie)二(er)元合金稱普通白(bai)銅；加有錳(meng)、鐵、鋅、鋁等元素的(de)白(bai)銅合金稱復雜白(bai)銅。工(gong)業(ye)用白(bai)銅分為結構(gou)白(bai)銅和(he)(he)電工(gong)白(bai)銅兩大類(lei)。結構(gou)白(bai)銅的(de)特點是(shi)機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)耐蝕性(xing)好，色澤美觀。這種(zhong)白(bai)銅廣泛用於制(zhi)造精密機械(xie)、化工(gong)機械(xie)和(he)(he)船舶(bo)構(gou)件。電工(gong)白(bai)銅一般有良好的(de)熱(re)(re)電性(xing)能(neng)。錳(meng)銅、康銅、考銅是(shi)含錳(meng)量不同(tong)的(de)錳(meng)白(bai)銅，是(shi)制(zhi)造精密電工(gong)儀器(qi)、變(bian)阻器(qi)、精密電阻、應變(bian)片(pian)、熱(re)(re)電偶等用的(de)材料。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)貴，白銅次之，隨后(hou)是青銅，最(zui)便宜的(de)是黃(huang)銅。不過最(zui)便宜的(de)也要比鐵貴出(chu)幾倍。