一、銑床和刨床的區別
銑床:是用銑刀對工件進行銑削加工的機床。銑床除能銑削平面、溝槽、輪齒、螺紋和花鍵軸外,還能加工比較復雜的型面。銑床(chuang)在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi),工(gong)(gong)件(jian)裝在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)上或(huo)分度頭等附件(jian)上,銑刀旋轉(zhuan)為主運動,輔以工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)或(huo)銑頭的(de)進給運動,工(gong)(gong)件(jian)即可獲得所需(xu)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)表(biao)面。由(you)于是多刃斷續切削,因而(er)銑床(chuang)的(de)生產率較高,在機械(xie)制造和修理部門得到廣泛(fan)應用。
刨床:用刨刀對工件的平面、溝槽或成形表面進行刨削的直線運動機床。由(you)刀(dao)具或工件(jian)作往(wang)復直線的(de)運(yun)動,由(you)工件(jian)和刀(dao)具作垂直于主運(yun)動的(de)間歇進給運(yun)動。使用刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)(gong),刀具(ju)較簡單,但生產率較低(加工(gong)(gong)長而(er)(er)窄的(de)平面除外),因而(er)(er)主要用于單件,小批量生產及機(ji)修(xiu)車(che)間,在大批量生產中(zhong)往往被銑床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)所代替(ti)。根據結構和(he)性能,刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)主要分(fen)為牛頭(tou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、龍門刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、單臂刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)及專門化刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(如刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)削大鋼板邊緣部分(fen)的(de)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)邊機(ji)、刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)削沖頭(tou)和(he)復雜形狀工(gong)(gong)件的(de)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)模機(ji))等。
二、鉆床和銑床的區別
鉆(zhan)床(chuang)系(xi)指主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用鉆(zhan)頭在工件(jian)上加(jia)工孔(kong)(kong)的機床(chuang)。通常鉆(zhan)頭旋轉為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)運(yun)動,鉆(zhan)頭軸向移動為(wei)進(jin)給(gei)運(yun)動。鉆(zhan)床(chuang)結(jie)構簡單(dan),加(jia)工精度相對較低,可鉆(zhan)通孔(kong)(kong)、盲孔(kong)(kong),更(geng)換特殊(shu)刀具,可擴、锪孔(kong)(kong),鉸孔(kong)(kong)或進(jin)行攻絲(si)等加(jia)工。銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)是用銑(xian)(xian)刀對工件(jian)進(jin)行銑(xian)(xian)削加(jia)工的機床(chuang)。
三、鏜床與銑床的區別
鏜床與(yu)銑床的工作原理(li)和性質相似。刀具的旋轉(zhuan)是(shi)主運動(dong)(dong),工件的移動(dong)(dong)是(shi)進給運動(dong)(dong)。
鏜床(chuang)多用于加工較長的通孔(kong),大直徑臺階孔(kong),大型箱體零件上(shang)不(bu)同位置的孔(kong)等(deng)。由于鏜床(chuang)的刀盤(pan)和鏜桿剛性較高,因此加工出的孔(kong)的直線度(du),圓(yuan)柱度(du)和位置度(du)等(deng)都很高。
銑床也可以進行鏜孔,但加(jia)工(gong)范圍較小,精度也較低。銑床(chuang)多(duo)用于平(ping)面(mian),成型面(mian),槽(cao)等加(jia)工(gong)。
搖臂鉆是效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)很高(gao)的孔加工機床,由于(yu)它的主(zhu)軸可以(yi)在加工范圍內快速的任意移動(dong),而(er)工件(jian)固定。因此加工大型箱體(ti)零件(jian)上的不同位置的孔,螺孔等,效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)很高(gao)。