一、電動自行車鋰電池能用幾年
電動自行車鋰電池壽(shou)命長短(duan)與兩個方面(mian)有(you)關,一個是鋰電(dian)(dian)池的種(zhong)類,另一個是電(dian)(dian)動車用戶(hu)的使用行為習慣(guan)。從理論上來講,在按照操作規范(fan)使用電(dian)(dian)動車的話,不同種(zhong)類的電(dian)(dian)動車鋰電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命大(da)概如下(xia):
1、聚合物鋰電池做的電動車電池
現在市(shi)面上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動車(che)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用聚合物(wu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)很少,有的(de)(de)(de)話基本是較(jiao)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)定制或自己改(gai)裝的(de)(de)(de)。聚合物(wu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)做的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動車(che)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命理論上來說使用循(xun)環次數500次左右,按照兩天一次循(xun)環放電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)話,那么就(jiu)(jiu)是一千天,也就(jiu)(jiu)是接(jie)近三年(nian)。這里需要注意的(de)(de)(de)是,聚合物(wu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)必須的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)門(men)用于電(dian)動車(che)的(de)(de)(de)動力鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi),不然沒用多久(jiu)就(jiu)(jiu)會報廢的(de)(de)(de)哦(e)。
2、18650圓柱鋰離子電池或方形鋁殼鋰離子電池
現(xian)在(zai)市(shi)面上(shang)售賣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)基本上(shang)來(lai)說都是18650鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或方形鋁殼鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),這兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)屬性基本一樣,使用壽(shou)命(ming)同樣是在(zai)300到400次(ci)循環使用壽(shou)命(ming),一般來(lai)說,質(zhi)量相對好的動(dong)(dong)力型(xing)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)基本在(zai)400次(ci)左(zuo)右,所(suo)以大家使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的時(shi)候(hou)用了一年之后,明顯感覺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)給力了,就是這個原因。
當(dang)然啦,電(dian)動車(che)使(shi)用一段時間之(zhi)后,鋰電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)衰減和內阻增(zeng)大(da)(da)是主要原因,但是其他(ta)的電(dian)子元器件也(ye)會(hui)老化,電(dian)子增(zeng)大(da)(da),耗電(dian)增(zeng)大(da)(da),比如電(dian)機的線(xian)圈或其他(ta)等,也(ye)會(hui)影(ying)響電(dian)動車(che)的續航能(neng)力哦。
3、磷酸鐵鋰電池做的電動車電池
隨著磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術的(de)發(fa)展進步,現在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)部分在(zai)慢慢使(shi)用(yong)磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),因為使(shi)用(yong)磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)做的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)理論(lun)來說(shuo)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到2000次以(yi)上(shang),動(dong)(dong)力(li)型磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)1000次循環使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming),同時可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現一(yi)定倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)要(yao)求(支(zhi)持大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)),還有(you)就是(shi)其安全性能方面,更是(shi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)族類中最(zui)好的(de)。
其實(shi)不管電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車質量多(duo)好(hao),品牌名聲多(duo)好(hao),如果不懂愛(ai)惜,肆意使用(yong),電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命自然就會比較(jiao)短,比如電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車經(jing)(jing)常(chang)(chang)暴曬(shai)、經(jing)(jing)常(chang)(chang)深(shen)度放電(dian)(dian)后才充電(dian)(dian)(電(dian)(dian)量顯示沒有了)、經(jing)(jing)常(chang)(chang)突然斷(duan)續性的爆速行駛等(deng)這些行為,都會對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)造成損(sun)害(hai),導致電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命變短。所(suo)以要盡(jin)量按照(zhao)常(chang)(chang)規使用(yong)要求去使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車,這樣有利于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命的延(yan)長。
二、電動車鋰電池如何保養
鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池的壽命普(pu)遍在(zai)5到10年(nian)(nian)左右(you),即便是不(bu)刻意去保(bao)養(yang)(yang),只(zhi)要(yao)沒有特(te)別不(bu)規范,傷(shang)害電(dian)池的習慣,用(yong)5年(nian)(nian)左右(you)還(huan)(huan)是不(bu)成(cheng)問(wen)題(ti)。但是,如果鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池想要(yao)用(yong)到10年(nian)(nian)甚至以(yi)上,保(bao)養(yang)(yang)就是必(bi)不(bu)可(ke)少(shao),加之(zhi)現在(zai)因(yin)為鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池的自燃(ran)問(wen)題(ti)的出現,保(bao)養(yang)(yang)電(dian)池不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加耐(nai)用(yong)度,還(huan)(huan)可(ke)以(yi)提高(gao)安全性,那么鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池的保(bao)養(yang)(yang)方(fang)法有哪些(xie)呢?下(xia)面我(wo)們來看(kan)一看(kan)。
1、充電時長的把控,避免過度充電
有些車主給鋰電池充電,一不注意就充一整夜,其實這種做法會傷害鋰電池,一般情況下,5個小時是可以充滿的,有些充電器電流較大,2個小時就可以充滿了。如(ru)果做不(bu)到定(ding)時(shi)拔掉電(dian)源,那么(me)車主可以配置一個(ge)能(neng)定(ding)時(shi)的開關插座,根據電(dian)池容量來設置充電(dian)時(shi)長(chang)。
2、避免在高溫、封閉的環境充電
鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池沒有(you)那么(me)安(an)全(quan),尤其是三元鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,會存(cun)在(zai)(zai)自(zi)燃的(de)風險,這是很多車主所了解的(de),而自(zi)燃和高溫有(you)一定的(de)關(guan)系,因此(ci),在(zai)(zai)給鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時候(hou),要(yao)(yao)切記(ji)不要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)高溫環境(jing)下,或封閉的(de)空間會形(xing)成高溫的(de)環境(jing)下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),不然不僅會傷害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,還(huan)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)隱患。
在夏天高(gao)溫天氣,盡量(liang)選擇晚上(shang)充(chong)電(dian),這個時(shi)候溫度相對(dui)比較(jiao)低,可以達(da)到鋰電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)最(zui)佳的25℃左右,而且(qie),盡量(liang)避免全封閉(bi)空間(jian)充(chong)電(dian)。
3、避免在溫度低于0℃的環境下充電
鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)雖然在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)時候,它的(de)耐低(di)(di)溫性更好,但它在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)時候,低(di)(di)溫對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)傷害其實(shi)更大,因為(wei),溫度(du)一(yi)旦低(di)(di)于0℃以下,鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就會析出“鋰枝晶”,它的(de)出現不僅影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)續航,一(yi)旦過(guo)多,還可能會穿刺(ci)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內的(de)隔膜,造成自燃(ran)風險(xian)的(de)出現。
和(he)高溫(wen)天氣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)選(xuan)擇晚上相反,在冬天這樣的(de)低(di)溫(wen)環境(jing)下充(chong)電(dian)(dian),盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)擇白天充(chong)電(dian)(dian),在我國大多數(shu)地(di)方,即便是冬天的(de)白天溫(wen)度一般也不會低(di)于(yu)0℃,這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)減少對鋰電(dian)(dian)池的(de)傷害。
4、騎完車后不要馬上充電
鋰電(dian)池(chi)其實和鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)一樣,具有(you)既(ji)怕冷又怕熱(re)的(de)屬性,而鋰電(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)和放電(dian)的(de)過程中,都會(hui)釋(shi)放出熱(re)量,為了避免熱(re)量過高,車主在充電(dian)的(de)時候,要避免剛騎完的(de)電(dian)動(dong)車,就馬上充電(dian)。
在鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池剛剛放完電(dian)(dian)(dian)之后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池熱(re)量不會快(kuai)速消失,因此(ci),至少要冷卻半個小時左右(you),再(zai)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian),這個時候就能減少充電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)量和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)量的疊加,造成對鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的傷害。
5、放置時間長,不要充滿電放置
電(dian)動車難免(mian)會(hui)(hui)遇到一(yi)(yi)段時間(jian)不用,相比(bi)鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)的建議充滿之后,進行放(fang)置,而鋰電(dian)池(chi)做法(fa)并不相同,一(yi)(yi)旦電(dian)池(chi)充滿放(fang)置,會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成鋰電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)不穩定的問題(ti),還會(hui)(hui)存在安(an)全(quan)因素,這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點車主需要注意。
當鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)動車需要(yao)長期(qi)放置,給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候,充到80%左右拔掉電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)即可(ke),這樣(yang)的(de)情況下放置三個月都不會對鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有太大的(de)損傷(shang),當然,如果放置時(shi)間過長,還是需要(yao)在中(zhong)途(tu)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)補(bu)充充電(dian)(dian)。
以上就是鋰電池電動車在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中需要注意的(de)5個保養方法(fa),相(xiang)對來說都是比較(jiao)簡單(dan),但卻比較(jiao)傷害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),而(er)且,這也(ye)是很多車(che)主常有的(de)不(bu)規范充電(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣,車(che)主如(ru)果能夠做(zuo)到“充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間有度,不(bu)在高溫、低(di)溫環境下(xia)充電(dian)(dian)(dian),騎(qi)完車(che)馬上充電(dian)(dian)(dian),閑置(zhi)不(bu)充滿(man)”,那么(me),您的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一定會(hui)比不(bu)保養的(de)時候用的(de)更(geng)久,基本用到鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)設計(ji)的(de)10年壽命(ming)不(bu)成(cheng)問題(ti)。