一、汽車起重機屬于什么類型的起重機

起重機是指在一定范圍內垂直提升和水平搬運重物的多動作起重機械，它有多種類型，包括門式起重機、橋式起重機、塔式起重機、門座式起重機、纜索式起重機、流動式起重機等多種，那么汽車起重機是什么起重機呢？

在諸多起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的種(zhong)類(lei)中，汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)又叫汽(qi)(qi)車(che)吊，屬于流動式起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的一種(zhong)，適用于單件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)量大(da)的大(da)、中型設備、構件(jian)(jian)的吊裝，作業(ye)周期短，具有適用范圍廣、機(ji)動性(xing)好(hao)、可(ke)以(yi)方便地(di)轉移場地(di)、對道(dao)路或場地(di)要求高、臺班費較高等特點。

流動式起重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)除了汽車起重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)外，還(huan)有履帶式起重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、輪胎起重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、全地面(mian)起重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、隨車起重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)等類型。

二、汽車起重機的構造

汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機主要(yao)由起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)、變(bian)幅(fu)、回轉(zhuan)、起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂和(he)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)底(di)盤組(zu)成(cheng)，由于液(ye)(ye)壓技術、電子工(gong)業(ye)、高強度鋼(gang)材和(he)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)發展，現(xian)在的(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)吊通常采(cai)用(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)統(tong)代替傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)機械傳(chuan)動系(xi)統(tong)，液(ye)(ye)壓汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)液(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓泵、定(ding)量(liang)或(huo)變(bian)量(liang)馬達(da)實現(xian)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)回轉(zhuan)、變(bian)幅(fu)、起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂伸縮及(ji)支腿伸縮并可單獨或(huo)組(zu)合動作。馬達(da)采(cai)用(yong)過熱保護，并有(you)(you)(you)防(fang)止(zhi)錯誤(wu)操作的(de)安全裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。大噸位的(de)液(ye)(ye)壓汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機選用(yong)多(duo)聯齒輪泵，合流時還可實現(xian)上(shang)述各動作的(de)加速。在液(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)統(tong)中設(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)自動超(chao)負荷(he)安全閥、緩沖閥及(ji)液(ye)(ye)壓鎖(suo)等，以防(fang)止(zhi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機作業(ye)時過載或(huo)失(shi)速及(ji)油(you)管突然破裂引起(qi)(qi)的(de)意外事故發生。汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)幅(fu)度指(zhi)示器(qi)和(he)高度限位器(qi)，防(fang)止(zhi)超(chao)載或(huo)超(chao)伸距，卷筒和(he)滑(hua)輪設(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)防(fang)鋼(gang)絲繩跳(tiao)槽的(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

對于16t以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，要(yao)求(qiu)設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)顯(xian)示器(qi)，16t及(ji)(ji)16t以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li)矩限制(zhi)器(qi)，且有(you)報警(jing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。液壓(ya)汽(qi)車起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)由多節臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)段組成(cheng)，可(ke)以根據對起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)高度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)要(yao)求(qiu)設計。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸縮(suo)(suo)方(fang)(fang)式一(yi)種是順序(xu)伸縮(suo)(suo)，另一(yi)種是同(tong)步伸縮(suo)(suo)。大(da)噸位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為了提(ti)高起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)能力(li)(li)大(da)多數都采(cai)用同(tong)步伸縮(suo)(suo)。各臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸縮(suo)(suo)由油(you)壓(ya)控制(zhi)，伸縮(suo)(suo)自(zi)如。帶副臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，在行駛狀(zhuang)態(tai)時(shi)，副臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)般(ban)安置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于主臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)方(fang)(fang)或下方(fang)(fang)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺主要(yao)用來布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)、回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及(ji)(ji)變(bian)幅油(you)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下支點(dian)和操縱(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對于中、大(da)噸位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺上安置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺與(yu)底(di)架之間(jian)用能承(cheng)受垂直(zhi)載(zai)(zai)荷(he)、水平載(zai)(zai)荷(he)及(ji)(ji)傾覆力(li)(li)矩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)支承(cheng)聯接。為了防止在行駛時(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺發生滑(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，設有(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺鎖定(ding)(ding)(ding)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)由定(ding)(ding)(ding)量馬達驅(qu)動(dong)。回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)齒輪(lun)與(yu)回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)支承(cheng)齒輪(lun)嚙合。實現起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺沿回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)中心作360°回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)幅，由單只或雙只液壓(ya)油(you)缸通過(guo)油(you)液控制(zhi)完成(cheng)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)由油(you)液控制(zhi)變(bian)量或定(ding)(ding)(ding)量馬達通過(guo)減速(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)卷(juan)筒。由于采(cai)用液力(li)(li)變(bian)矩器(qi)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)各機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)能無(wu)級(ji)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)，可(ke)使載(zai)(zai)荷(he)在微動(dong)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)下由動(dong)力(li)(li)控制(zhi)下降(jiang)。為了防止過(guo)卷(juan)，設有(you)鋼絲繩三圈(quan)保護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)報警(jing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。中、大(da)噸位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)根據市場(chang)需要(yao)配置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)副起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)，以供雙鉤(gou)作業。

三、汽車起重機的工作原理

汽(qi)車起(qi)重機的原理很簡單：起(qi)重臂里(li)面的下面有(you)一(yi)(yi)個轉動(dong)卷筒，上面繞鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)，鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)通(tong)過在(zai)下一(yi)(yi)節臂頂端上的滑輪，將(jiang)上一(yi)(yi)節起(qi)重臂拉出去，依此類推。縮回時，卷筒倒轉回收(shou)鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)，起(qi)重臂在(zai)自重作(zuo)用(yong)下回縮。