一、電解鋁為什么加入冰晶石

電解(jie)熔(rong)融氧化(hua)鋁是(shi)加冰晶石(shi)是(shi)為了降低電解(jie)液工作溫(wen)度(du)。

冰(bing)晶石(shi)熔(rong)點為(wei)1009℃，氧化(hua)鋁熔(rong)點為(wei)2050℃。冰(bing)晶石(shi)做助熔(rong)劑(ji)，熔(rong)融(rong)(rong)的(de)冰(bing)晶石(shi)能(neng)溶解氧化(hua)鋁，使得(de)電(dian)解可以在低(di)于氧化(hua)鋁的(de)熔(rong)點溫度(du)下工(gong)(gong)作，節(jie)約能(neng)源。電(dian)解熔(rong)融(rong)(rong)氧化(hua)鋁是加(jia)冰(bing)晶石(shi)是為(wei)了降低(di)電(dian)解液工(gong)(gong)作溫度(du)。

PS：冰(bing)晶石（Cryolite）是(shi)一種礦物，化學(xue)式為Na3AlF6，白(bai)色(se)(se)細小的結晶體，無氣味，在電(dian)解鋁工業作助熔劑(ji)、制造(zao)乳白(bai)色(se)(se)玻(bo)璃和搪(tang)瓷(ci)的遮光(guang)劑(ji)。

二、電解鋁為什么用直流電

向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解槽內通入(ru)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)利用它的(de)熱能(neng)將冰晶石(shi)熔化呈熔融狀態，并(bing)保(bao)持一(yi)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解溫度(du)；另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面主要的(de)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)要在兩極實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質中(zhong)的(de)鋁(lv)離子(zi)從(cong)陰(yin)極上得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)而析出，從(cong)而得到(dao)鋁(lv)，氧離子(zi)則在陽極上放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與炭生(sheng)成(cheng)CO2、CO的(de)混(hun)合(he)氣體。

三、電解鋁為什么采用炭陽極

在鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解過程中(zhong)，高溫且具(ju)有很大侵蝕性的(de)冰晶石熔(rong)液(ye)直接同電(dian)(dian)極接觸。作為導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)陰陽兩(liang)極的(de)各種(zhong)材(cai)料中(zhong)，既能良好導(dao)電(dian)(dian)，又(you)能耐高溫，抗(kang)腐(fu)蝕、同時(shi)價格(ge)又(you)低廉的(de)唯有炭(tan)素材(cai)料。因此鋁(lv)(lv)工業(ye)生產都(dou)采用炭(tan)素材(cai)料作兩(liang)極。