一、公務機的運營成本有多高
公務機包機出行在舒適度、私密性、高效性等方面都有保障,不過它的價格往往較高,這不僅是因為公務機本身價格(ge)不菲,與(yu)它高昂的(de)(de)運營成本也是(shi)密(mi)切相關(guan)的(de)(de)。
一般來說,公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)的年運營成本(ben)根(gen)據(ju)機(ji)型(xing)、狀態(tai)、飛行時(shi)間(jian)等不(bu)同(tong)(tong)有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),一架小型(xing)公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)年使(shi)用(yong)成本(ben)約(yue)500萬(wan)—700萬(wan)元,中型(xing)公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)約(yue)1000萬(wan)—1500萬(wan)元,大(da)型(xing)公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)更高,兩三千(qian)萬(wan)元一年都(dou)有(you)。
之所(suo)以公(gong)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)的運營成本高(gao),主要(yao)是(shi)因為公(gong)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)各項費(fei)(fei)用,就拿起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)停(ting)靠來說(shuo),公(gong)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)停(ting)靠會(hui)繳納(na)相應(ying)的起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)和停(ting)靠費(fei)(fei),而這筆費(fei)(fei)用不菲:據了解,按照(zhao)飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)最大(da)起(qi)(qi)飛(fei)(fei)全(quan)重的不同,飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)不盡相同,25噸(dun)以下的飛(fei)(fei)機(ji),起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)2000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),如果需要(yao)過(guo)夜(ye)甚至(zhi)長時(shi)間停(ting)放(fang),一(yi)天(tian)的過(guo)夜(ye)費(fei)(fei)是(shi)按照(zhao)起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)的15%收取,也(ye)就是(shi)300元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。25噸(dun)到(dao)60噸(dun)的飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)為一(yi)次(ci)(ci)2200元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),過(guo)夜(ye)費(fei)(fei)也(ye)是(shi)按照(zhao)起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)的15%收取,也(ye)就是(shi)330元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)天(tian)。
除此之外(wai),公(gong)(gong)務機的(de)飛行員和機組(zu)人(ren)員工資、托管(guan)費(fei)、燃油費(fei)等費(fei)用較高,這也(ye)是公(gong)(gong)務機運營費(fei)用的(de)一(yi)大組(zu)成部(bu)分,因此現如今私人(ren)購(gou)買公(gong)(gong)務機越來(lai)越少,畢竟(jing)買一(yi)架公(gong)(gong)務機就已經很貴(gui)了,再加上運營費(fei)用高昂(ang),性價比實在不高。
二、如何有效降低公務機的運營成本
作為公(gong)務(wu)機(ji)來說,高成本的(de)運(yun)行(xing)、托(tuo)管費用(yong)讓運(yun)營商苦不堪(kan)言,越來越多(duo)的(de)公(gong)務(wu)機(ji)公(gong)司開始考慮如何才能有效的(de)縮減(jian)飛機(ji)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)成本。
公(gong)務飛機(ji)運行的時間成本(ben)也叫固定成本(ben)或(huo)者(zhe)直(zhi)接運營成本(ben)(不含燃油成本(ben))。如:機(ji)組(zu)工資、飛機(ji)維(wei)護費用、飛機(ji)包修(xiu)費用(包括機(ji)身、發動機(ji)和APU,視飛機(ji)實際(ji)情況而定)等。
在我國(guo),航(hang)(hang)空煤油的(de)出廠價(jia)格一般為每月的(de)1號(hao)調(diao)整(zheng)一次,航(hang)(hang)空煤油的(de)價(jia)格變化會直接(jie)導(dao)致燃油成(cheng)本的(de)波動。
1、在(zai)飛(fei)機(ji)運行的(de)時間成(cheng)本作為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)本把控的(de)主要考慮因(yin)數時(上(shang)述公式中的(de)分(fen)子(zi)端(duan)),忽略(lve)燃油成(cheng)本。此時,成(cheng)本指(zhi)數為(wei)(wei)最(zui)大值,反(fan)映(ying)到飛(fei)機(ji)實際運行上(shang)就是(shi)用最(zui)大的(de)巡航(hang)(hang)速度獲得最(zui)小的(de)航(hang)(hang)程(cheng)時間。
2、當(dang)飛(fei)機運行(xing)的(de)(de)時(shi)間成(cheng)本(ben)為(wei)(wei)固(gu)定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi),燃油成(cheng)本(ben)作為(wei)(wei)主要考(kao)慮因素時(shi)(上(shang)述公(gong)式中(zhong)的(de)(de)分母端(duan))。此時(shi),成(cheng)本(ben)指數為(wei)(wei)最小值(zhi),反(fan)映到飛(fei)機實際運行(xing)上(shang)就是用(yong)最小的(de)(de)巡(xun)航速度(du)獲(huo)得最大的(de)(de)航程(cheng)時(shi)間。
從上述公(gong)式(shi)我們可(ke)以看出,燃(ran)油成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和飛機(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)變動會直接影響到運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。尤其在疫情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)反復沖擊和國際局(ju)勢導致的(de)(de)(de)油價劇烈(lie)波(bo)動的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)。從中(zhong)可(ke)以發(fa)現,如何科學(xue)、合理的(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)指(zhi)數(shu),顯得尤為關鍵。當成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)指(zhi)數(shu)較(jiao)大時(shi),表(biao)示燃(ran)油成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)在運(yun)營總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)中(zhong)占比較(jiao)小。這時(shi)候(hou),降低(di)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)需要從飛機(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)入(ru)手(shou)。當成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)指(zhi)數(shu)較(jiao)小時(shi),表(biao)示飛機(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)在運(yun)營總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)中(zhong)占比較(jiao)小。這時(shi)候(hou),降低(di)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)需要從燃(ran)油成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)入(ru)手(shou)。
成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數作為(wei)管(guan)理公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)運行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本的有(you)效方式,公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)需要科學(xue)、合理的確定適合自身實際情況的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數數值以獲得(de)最(zui)大(da)收益。如某公(gong)(gong)務(wu)機(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)將其A320飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)在(zai)兩小時(shi)航程(cheng)內的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數設(she)定為(wei)20,兩小時(shi)以上航程(cheng)的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數設(she)定為(wei)40。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數的調整可能會(hui)導致(zhi)航班正常性管(guan)理的變(bian)動。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數變(bian)大(da)后會(hui)導致(zhi)飛(fei)(fei)行(xing)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)縮短,而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本指數變(bian)小后則會(hui)導致(zhi)飛(fei)(fei)行(xing)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)增加。
公務機作為時間(jian)(jian)(jian)機器,如同時考(kao)慮經濟性的(de)情(qing)況下減(jian)小成本指數,則運行保(bao)障效率會(hui)變(bian)得非(fei)常關鍵(jian),在航班(ban)量密集情(qing)況下,可(ke)以通過縮短(duan)地(di)面快速(su)過站(zhan)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)等方式(shi)抵消飛行時間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)增加。