一、光功率衰減器是什么儀器
光功率衰減器,簡稱光衰減器,是用于(yu)對(dui)光功率(lv)進行衰減的器件(jian),它是一(yi)種(zhong)非常重要的纖維光學無源器件(jian),可(ke)按(an)用戶的要求將光信號(hao)能量進行預期地衰減,用于(yu)吸收或(huo)反射掉光功率(lv)余量、評估系統的損耗及各種(zhong)測試中。
各種光(guang)接(jie)收設備接(jie)收光(guang)信號(hao)的強(qiang)度都是(shi)有限制的,需要在一定的范(fan)圍內(nei),光(guang)功率過(guo)弱(ruo)或(huo)過(guo)強(qiang)設備都不能正(zheng)常(chang)工作。當光(guang)功率過(guo)強(qiang)的時(shi)候,就會利用光(guang)衰調整光(guang)功率,使(shi)其降低至(zhi)合適范(fan)圍。
使用光(guang)功率衰減(jian)器來調節光(guang)通(tong)信系統(tong)(tong)或(huo)測試系統(tong)(tong)所(suo)傳輸的光(guang)信號的功率,可以(yi)使系統(tong)(tong)達到(dao)良(liang)好的工作狀態(tai),具有(you)重量(liang)輕、體積(ji)小、精度高、穩定(ding)性好、使用方便等特(te)點,在光(guang)通(tong)信領域(yu)應用廣泛(fan)。
二、光衰減器有哪些類型
光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖衰(shuai)減器(qi)作為一種(zhong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)無源器(qi)件,常用摻有金屬離子的(de)衰(shuai)減光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖制造(zao)而成,能把光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功率調整到所需要的(de)水平,主要用于光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通信(xin)(xin)系統當中(zhong)調試(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功率性能、調試(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖儀表(biao)的(de)定(ding)標校正及光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖信(xin)(xin)號衰(shuai)減,它的(de)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)眾多,按照不同(tong)的(de)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)方法(fa)可分(fen)為不同(tong)類(lei)(lei)型:
1、按衰減功率分
(1)固定光衰減器:固(gu)(gu)定(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)的衰減(jian)功(gong)率固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(如1dB、5dB、10dB等),一(yi)個-3dB的光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)的衰減(jian)功(gong)率為(wei)3dB。這種光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)于電信網絡、光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖測試設(she)備(bei)、局域網(LAN)和有線電視(CATV)系統(tong)。固(gu)(gu)定(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)又(you)可(ke)以分為(wei)在線式和連接器(qi)式。
(2)可調光衰減器:可(ke)調光(guang)衰(shuai)減器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)衰(shuai)減功率不(bu)是一成不(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de),而是隨著條件的(de)(de)變(bian)化而變(bian)化,其(qi)變(bian)化跨度有(you)0.5dB、20dB、50dB等,有(you)的(de)(de)甚至達到0.1dB和0.01dB的(de)(de)精度。可(ke)調光(guang)衰(shuai)減器(qi)(qi)一般用(yong)于光(guang)纖的(de)(de)精確測試和測量,同時也(ye)在摻鉺光(guang)纖放大器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)場合廣泛(fan)使(shi)用(yong),其(qi)作用(yong)是均衡不(bu)同通道內的(de)(de)光(guang)信號功率。
2、按接口類型分
(1)SC光衰減器:應用于SC光纖接口,與RJ-45接口類(lei)似,但(dan)是SC接口更(geng)扁,里面(mian)的觸片是一(yi)根銅柱。
(2)LC光衰減器:應用(yong)于(yu)LC光纖接(jie)口,可用(yong)于(yu)連(lian)接(jie)SFP模(mo)塊,采用(yong)模(mo)塊化插孔(kong)(RJ)閂鎖(suo)機理,操作方便(bian),常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)路(lu)由器。
(3)FC光衰減器:應用(yong)于FC光纖(xian)接口,外(wai)套(tao)采用(yong)金屬套(tao)包(bao)裹,緊固方式為螺絲扣(kou)。一般在(zai)ODF側采用(yong),多用(yong)于配線架。
(4)ST光衰減器:應用于(yu)ST光(guang)纖接口(kou),外殼(ke)為圓形,采用螺絲扣緊(jin)固,常用于(yu)光(guang)纖配線架。
3、按工作原理分
(1)位移型光衰減器:位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)型(xing)光(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)器利用光(guang)(guang)纖的衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)量(liang)隨(sui)其對中精度而變化的原(yuan)理,有意在對接光(guang)(guang)纖時,使(shi)光(guang)(guang)纖之間發(fa)生一定位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi),從而達到衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)一定光(guang)(guang)能量(liang)的目的,位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)型(xing)光(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)器,制作時可采(cai)用橫向位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)法和(he)縱(zong)向位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)法。
(2)衰減片型光衰減器:衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)片(pian)型(xing)光(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器直接將具(ju)有吸(xi)收特性的(de)(de)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)片(pian),固(gu)定在(zai)光(guang)路中(zhong)來達到衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)光(guang)信(xin)號(hao)目的(de)(de)。衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)片(pian)采用吸(xi)收型(xing)玻璃(li)片(pian)或在(zai)玻璃(li)基片(pian)上鍍吸(xi)收膜(mo)的(de)(de)方法來制(zhi)作。衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)片(pian)型(xing)光(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器可分為(wei)步進式雙輪可變光(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器和連續可變衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器。
(3)智能型光衰減器:智(zhi)能型(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)(shuai)減器通過電(dian)路(lu)控(kong)制微(wei)型(xing)電(dian)機,帶動(dong)(dong)齒條,使濾光(guang)(guang)(guang)片平移,再將數據編碼盤檢測(ce)到的實(shi)際衰(shuai)(shuai)減量信號反饋到電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)進行修正,從而達到自(zi)動(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)檢測(ce)和顯示光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)(shuai)減量的目的。因此,智(zhi)能型(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)(shuai)減器具(ju)有(you)精度高、衰(shuai)(shuai)減量連續可調、體積(ji)小、便于攜帶、使用簡單方便的特點(dian)。