一、電抗器和濾波器的區別

1、性質不同

電抗器也叫電感(gan)器，一個(ge)導(dao)體通電時就會在(zai)其所(suo)占據的一定空間范圍產生磁場(chang)，所(suo)以所(suo)有能(neng)載流的電導(dao)體都有一般意義上的感(gan)性。

濾波器由電容、電感和電阻組成的濾波電路。濾波器可(ke)以對電(dian)源(yuan)線中特定頻率(lv)的頻點或該頻點以外的頻率(lv)進(jin)行有(you)效濾除(chu)，得(de)到(dao)一個(ge)特定頻率(lv)的電(dian)源(yuan)信號(hao)，或消除(chu)一個(ge)特定頻率(lv)后的電(dian)源(yuan)信號(hao)。

2、分類不同

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)按(an)結構及(ji)冷卻(que)介質分為(wei)空心式(shi)、鐵心式(shi)、干式(shi)、油浸式(shi)等。按(an)接(jie)法分為(wei)并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)和串(chuan)(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)。按(an)功(gong)能分為(wei)限流和補(bu)償。按(an)用途分為(wei)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、平(ping)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、功(gong)率因(yin)數補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、串(chuan)(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、平(ping)衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、接(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、消(xiao)弧線(xian)圈、進線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、出線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、自(zi)飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、可(ke)(ke)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)（可(ke)(ke)調電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、可(ke)(ke)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)）、軛流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、串(chuan)(chuan)聯諧(xie)振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)、并聯諧(xie)振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)等。

濾(lv)波器按(an)(an)所(suo)處理(li)的(de)信(xin)號分(fen)為模(mo)擬濾(lv)波器和(he)(he)數字濾(lv)波器兩種。按(an)(an)所(suo)通(tong)過(guo)信(xin)號的(de)頻段(duan)分(fen)為低(di)通(tong)、高(gao)通(tong)、帶通(tong)、帶阻和(he)(he)全通(tong)濾(lv)波器五(wu)種。按(an)(an)所(suo)采用的(de)元器件分(fen)為無源(yuan)和(he)(he)有源(yuan)濾(lv)波器兩種。根(gen)據濾(lv)波器的(de)安放(fang)位置不同，分(fen)為板上濾(lv)波器和(he)(he)面板濾(lv)波器。

3、作用不同

濾波(bo)器為一種(zhong)選(xuan)頻(pin)(pin)裝置，可(ke)以使信號(hao)中特(te)定的(de)頻(pin)(pin)率成分(fen)通過，而極(ji)大(da)地衰減其他頻(pin)(pin)率成分(fen)。利用濾波(bo)器的(de)這種(zhong)選(xuan)頻(pin)(pin)作用，可(ke)以濾除干擾噪聲或進行頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中所采取的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器常(chang)見的(de)有串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器和并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器。串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器主要用來(lai)(lai)限制短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也有在(zai)濾波(bo)(bo)器中與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)或(huo)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)用來(lai)(lai)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的(de)高次諧波(bo)(bo)。220kV、110kV、35kV、10kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器用來(lai)(lai)吸收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線路(lu)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容性無(wu)功(gong)的(de)。可以通過調整(zheng)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器的(de)數量來(lai)(lai)調整(zheng)運行電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

二、電抗器和濾波器哪個治理諧波好

電(dian)抗器(qi)和(he)(he)濾(lv)波器(qi)是(shi)在諧波治理中(zhong)常(chang)見的(de)兩種(zhong)設備。雖然它(ta)們都有(you)著對諧波電(dian)流(liu)和(he)(he)電(dian)壓進行有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)功(gong)能，但是(shi)在實(shi)際應用中(zhong)，它(ta)們的(de)效果(guo)和(he)(he)特點卻有(you)著明顯的(de)區別(bie)。

電抗(kang)器是一種被動(dong)式的電力設備，主要(yao)通(tong)過電感(gan)元件對諧波(bo)電流進行(xing)阻(zu)抗(kang)匹配和電壓降低，實(shi)現(xian)諧波(bo)治理的目的。相比較于濾波(bo)器，電抗(kang)器具有結構(gou)簡單(dan)、造價低廉(lian)以及可靠性高的特點(dian)。

由(you)于其排除電(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波(bo)的(de)方式主要是降低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，因此在電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)偏低的(de)情況下，電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器可以發(fa)揮較好的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)治理效果(guo)。然而，電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器存在一個缺點，即(ji)它不(bu)能(neng)對(dui)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行(xing)有(you)效的(de)降低，因此對(dui)于負荷側(ce)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設備，諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)影響仍(reng)然存在。

而濾波(bo)器(qi)是一種能夠(gou)消除(chu)諧波(bo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)和電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)主動(dong)式設備。它(ta)通過在電(dian)網中注入適(shi)當的(de)反諧波(bo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)或通過諧波(bo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)和電(dian)壓(ya)之(zhi)間的(de)相(xiang)位關(guan)系來實現功率因數校正和諧波(bo)治(zhi)理。相(xiang)較于(yu)電(dian)抗器(qi)，濾波(bo)器(qi)的(de)諧波(bo)治(zhi)理效果更(geng)加全面(mian)和徹底。

濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器能(neng)夠消除諧(xie)波(bo)電流和電壓，減少(shao)諧(xie)波(bo)對負荷側(ce)電氣設備的(de)影響。此外(wai)，濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器還可以(yi)根據實際需求(qiu)進(jin)行調整和設置，以(yi)適應(ying)不同的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)理要求(qiu)。

電抗器(qi)和濾波(bo)器(qi)在(zai)諧波(bo)治理(li)中都發(fa)揮著重要(yao)的作用。電抗器(qi)在(zai)電壓下降的情況(kuang)下適用性更強，結構(gou)簡單且成本低廉；而濾波(bo)器(qi)的諧波(bo)治理(li)效果更徹底，能夠消除諧波(bo)電流和電壓，但造價相對較高。

三、電抗器和濾波器的接線順序

在電氣系統中，電抗器和濾(lv)波器通常(chang)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)使用的(de)。但(dan)是(shi)，它們的(de)接線順序(xu)很重要(yao)。一(yi)(yi)般情況下(xia)，應該先(xian)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器接在(zai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)前(qian)面，再將(jiang)(jiang)濾(lv)波器接在(zai)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器后面。

原因是電抗器可以防止電路中出現高電壓，從而保護濾波器。如果將濾波器放在電(dian)抗器(qi)前面，濾波(bo)器(qi)可能會(hui)因為過高(gao)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)而損壞。此外，電(dian)抗器(qi)還可以限制電(dian)流的(de)上升(sheng)速度，減輕電(dian)源的(de)負載壓(ya)力，從而幫助(zhu)電(dian)源降低(di)噪(zao)聲。