一、電抗器容量單位是什么
電抗器的容量通(tong)常以單(dan)(dan)位(wei)均勻量(VAr/km)為單(dan)(dan)位(wei)進行計量。單(dan)(dan)位(wei)均勻量是(shi)指在單(dan)(dan)位(wei)電壓和頻率(lv)下,電抗器每公(gong)里長度上所能(neng)產生的無功電能(neng)。
在電力系統(tong)中(zhong),通常(chang)使(shi)用的都是大容量的電抗器(qi),其容量可達數百萬VAr,計量單位(wei)常(chang)常(chang)變化(hua),比如:MVAR、GVAR等,但它們的基(ji)本單位(wei)都是VAr/km。
二、電抗器容量的表達方式
電抗器容量的常(chang)見表達方(fang)式有以下兩種(zhong):
1、以電(dian)抗(kang)器在額定電(dian)壓下消耗的無功功率(lv)表示,這個值(zhi)通常采用千(qian)伏安(kVA)作為單位。
2、以電感值和頻率(lv)表示,這個值通常采用(yong)亨(heng)利(H)作為單位(wei)。
三、電抗器的容量怎么計算
電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器容(rong)量(liang)(liang)等于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器容(rong)量(liang)(liang)乘以電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率(lv)(lv)。例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是10kv,額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流是800A,電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率(lv)(lv)是4%,先算出:
額定端電(dian)壓:10除以(yi)根號3再乘以(yi)4%再乘1000,得出(chu)額定端電(dian)壓231V。
電抗器容(rong)量(liang):額定端(duan)電壓231V再乘以電流800A,既電抗器容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)184.8kvar。
電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流I乘以其本(ben)省的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降U再乘以相數3或者1等于(yu)容量Q,單位為乏(VAR),如果除以1000之(zhi)后即(ji)為KVAR千乏。
四、電抗器容量偏小會有什么后果
電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)偏(pian)小(xiao)產生的(de)(de)原因通常是由于設計問題(ti)或安(an)裝(zhuang)過程中的(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤。電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)應根據(ju)設備的(de)(de)實際需求而定,如(ru)果(guo)未能準確計算電(dian)氣系(xi)統的(de)(de)需求,則可能導致(zhi)容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)足。此外,如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)位置不(bu)當(dang)或布(bu)線不(bu)正(zheng)確,也會導致(zhi)容(rong)量(liang)偏(pian)小(xiao)。當(dang)電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)偏(pian)小(xiao)時會產生以(yi)下兩種后果(guo):
1、電流過大
電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)氣系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)一種重要電(dian)器(qi)(qi)元(yuan)件,主要起(qi)到穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)作用。在電(dian)動(dong)機等各(ge)類(lei)負(fu)(fu)載操作時,電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)會(hui)產生波動(dong)和幅值(zhi)降(jiang)低,為了(le)保證電(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding),需要增(zeng)加電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)來補(bu)償。如果電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)的(de)容量偏小,則無(wu)法承擔(dan)正常的(de)補(bu)償作用,電(dian)流過(guo)載是(shi)(shi)非常常見的(de)問題。如果長(chang)期運(yun)行(xing)在這種狀(zhuang)態下,則不僅會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)設(she)備的(de)損壞,還會(hui)對(dui)設(she)備和電(dian)氣系統(tong)(tong)造(zao)成(cheng)更大(da)的(de)負(fu)(fu)擔(dan)。
2、電壓波動
除了電流過載的問題,容量偏小的電抗器還會(hui)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系統中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)將(jiang)對(dui)設備(bei)產(chan)生有害影(ying)響,使設備(bei)無法正常工作。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源削弱或運行負載時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器的容量(liang)不足(zu),導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流無法平滑流動(dong),從而(er)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)。這(zhe)會(hui)導(dao)致各種故障,如設備(bei)損壞、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品及微處(chu)理器故障等(deng)。