一、電力電容器使用要領
1、安裝
(1)嚴禁提拿套管搬運電(dian)容器。電(dian)容器吊裝時應注(zhu)意避免碰撞、摩擦,應注(zhu)意避免損壞(huai)套管。
(2)電容器可安裝在構架(jia)上(shang),為通風良好,每層電容器間距(ju)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)50mm。排(pai)距(ju)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)150mm。電容器底部距(ju)地(di)面戶(hu)內產品不(bu)應(ying)(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)200mm,戶(hu)外產品不(bu)應(ying)(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)300mm,裝置頂部凈距(ju)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)1000mm。
(3)電(dian)容器的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)連接(jie)必須使用軟(ruan)連接(jie),連接(jie)應采(cai)用兩個扳(ban)手(最(zui)好采(cai)用力矩扳(ban)手)上下卡緊的(de)辦法進行(xing),旋緊扭矩應該不大于(yu)30N.m。
(4)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)選(xuan)用與電容器(qi)(qi)匹配(pei)、質量安(an)全可靠的(de)(de)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi),嚴格按照廠家(jia)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)方式安(an)裝。
(5)電容器安裝在(zai)絕緣(yuan)支架上時,外殼電位(wei)必須(xu)固(gu)定。
(6)電(dian)容器(qi)外殼接(jie)(jie)地(di)時,接(jie)(jie)地(di)部位應保持良好接(jie)(jie)觸。
2、保護
(1)電(dian)容器組應采取適當的保(bao)護措施,如采用(yong)不平衡差動(dong)電(dian)壓、中性線(xian)不平衡電(dian)流、橋差電(dian)流、及(ji)開口三角電(dian)壓保(bao)護,采用(yong)短(duan)延時過電(dian)流、母(mu)線(xian)相間短(duan)路速斷及(ji)過壓、失壓繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護等。
(2)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)按需要在每臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)裝置(zhi)專門用來保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi),熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)應符合有關標準規定,熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)應能承受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)投(tou)入時(shi)的(de)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu),涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)峰值應不超(chao)過(guo)100In(In為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))。熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所選熔絲的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一般為被保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)1.5倍(bei)至1.6倍(bei),且熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)嚴格按照廠家規定的(de)方式安裝,以防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)油箱爆炸。
(3)其他保(bao)護(hu):為限制大氣過電壓(ya)(ya)和操作(zuo)過電壓(ya)(ya),可采用氧化鋅避雷器(qi)保(bao)護(hu)。
3、投切
(1)當匯流排上的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)出規定(ding)的(de).大(da)允(yun)許數值時,禁(jin)止將電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)組(zu)接入網路。
(2)在電容(rong)器組(zu)自網(wang)路斷開后10min內(nei)不得重新接入。
(3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)使用斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)必須(xu)采用斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)產品,高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)應(ying)不(bu)小于(yu)1.5倍電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),選用無(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)擊穿(chuan)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi),對于(yu)要求切(qie)除短路(lu)(lu)故障的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi),其額定開斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)應(ying)大于(yu)裝置安裝地點系(xi)統的(de)(de)短路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。并有斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)滅弧室老煉(lian)試驗報告,老煉(lian)試驗有利于(yu)去除電(dian)(dian)(dian)極表面的(de)(de)氣體、氧化物(wu)、雜(za)質,提高(gao)真空滅弧室的(de)(de)耐壓(ya)(ya)水平,避免斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)擊穿(chuan)。
(4)輕(qing)載(zai)荷時電容器(qi)端(duan)子上的電壓升高較多,應切除部(bu)分或全部(bu)電容器(qi)。
4、放電
(1)電(dian)容器組成(cheng)每次從網路(lu)斷開后,其放電(dian)應自動進(jin)行(xing)。
(2)為保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組,自(zi)動放電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)直接(jie)并聯(中(zhong)間(jian)無斷路器(qi)(qi),閘刀開(kai)關(guan)等)。具(ju)有非專用放電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組(例如:對高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組用V形接(jie)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓互感器(qi)(qi)),以及(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機直接(jie)連接(jie)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組,可以不再(zai)裝設放電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。
(3)在接觸自(zi)網路(lu)斷(duan)開的電(dian)容(rong)器的導電(dian)部分時前,即使電(dian)容(rong)器已經自(zi)動(dong)放電(dian),必(bi)須短(duan)接電(dian)容(rong)器的出線(xian)端,并與地線(xian)相連(lian),進行單獨放電(dian)。
5、維護
(1)日常維護各保養
A.電容(rong)器室(shi)應有值班人員(yuan)或(huo)設(she)備(bei)對運(yun)行情況進行詳細記錄。
B.建議每天對電容器進行外(wai)觀檢(jian)查(cha),如電容器應無滲漏油、接頭發熱(re)及外(wai)殼鼓(gu)脹情況,
C.應監測電容器安裝地點的溫度,并做(zuo)好(hao)記錄。
D.電容器套管表(biao)面不應積滿灰塵,以防止(zhi)發生污閃事(shi)故。
(2)定期檢查
電(dian)容器定期檢(jian)查一般可(ke)一年一次。在特殊條(tiao)件下運行的(de)電(dian)容器可(ke)視具體情(qing)況(kuang)適當縮短檢(jian)查周期。檢(jian)查的(de)具體內容如下:
A.測量(liang)單元電容,并與前次記(ji)錄對照(zhao)。如有(you)(you)明顯變化,及時用相同規格(ge)的產品(pin)更換。檢查電容器是否(fou)滲漏油、是否(fou)已受(shou)污(wu)穢(hui)。如有(you)(you)污(wu)穢(hui)應清理干(gan)凈(jing)。
B.經(jing)常檢查所有電(dian)器連接點(dian)的接觸是否良好,如(ru)有意外情況應(ying)及(ji)時處(chu)理,以免釀成事故(gu)。電(dian)容器組中所有電(dian)氣連接必(bi)須緊固可靠,任何接觸或(huo)連接不良,都可能發生電(dian)弧(hu)引起高(gao)頻(pin)振(zhen)蕩,使電(dian)容器過(guo)熱和(he)過(guo)電(dian)壓。
C.檢查繼電保(bao)護的整定值和動(dong)作情(qing)況
(3)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)一旦(dan)出現故障,應(ying)立即做好記錄(電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流、負(fu)荷及電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)容(rong)(rong)、編號等(deng)),在(zai)未查(cha)明原(yuan)因并作(zuo)出正確處理前不得(de)重新(xin)投運(yun)。
(4)加強對熔斷器(qi)滅弧(hu)管的檢查。及時更(geng)換銹蝕、松弛的熔斷器(qi),避(bi)免(mian)熔斷器(qi)開斷性能變差而復燃,重擊(ji)穿(chuan)造成事(shi)故擴大(da)。在三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)線回路的一相(xiang)(xiang)或(huo)兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)熔絲熔斷后,應將三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)熔絲全(quan)部更(geng)換掉。
二、電力電容器組操作注意事項
1、關于電容器組的安裝
(1)安裝環(huan)境:必須保(bao)證電力電容器(qi)組(zu)的(de)安裝環(huan)境干燥不(bu)潮濕、環(huan)境溫度在許可(ke)范圍內,且周(zhou)邊不(bu)能有腐蝕性氣體和易燃(ran)易爆物;電容室必須配備滅火器(qi)。
(2)連接方式:一般情況下,電力電容器會采用三角形接線法;但當電容額定電壓小于線路額定電壓時最好使用星形接線法,或進行串聯并聯組合以后再重新接入電路之中。且低(di)壓電力電容器也應該配備獨(du)有的控制開關,一般(ban)場(chang)合建議使用斷(duan)路器,針(zhen)對負(fu)載變化迅速的場(chang)合則建議使用晶閘管開關。
2、運行中電容器的注意事項
(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器組不得(de)長(chang)時(shi)間過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓運行,但(dan)可在1.1倍額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下短時(shi)間運行。若長(chang)期(qi)運行需保證運行電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小于1.05倍的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,否(fou)則可能導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器故障。
(2)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組允許通過的運行電(dian)流需(xu)低于1.3倍(bei)的電(dian)容(rong)額定(ding)電(dian)流,才能(neng)保證電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)安全穩(wen)定(ding)。
(3)需注意運行(xing)中電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器的溫升情況,若過高(gao)則需要及時退出運行(xing)。保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)容(rong)器運行(xing)中無明顯發熱,夏季環境溫度也最(zui)好在40℃以下。
3、電容器投運的注意事項
(1)若電(dian)(dian)容(rong)室整體停電(dian)(dian),也需要第一時間斷(duan)開電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的開關。等再次恢(hui)復送電(dian)(dian)時應先將出線開關合上(shang),再合上(shang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)組(zu)開關。
(2)當(dang)電力(li)電容器組出現跳閘情(qing)況時,不得盲(mang)目試送(song),最好根據具體(ti)情(qing)況具體(ti)分析為什么跳閘,判斷調整無問題后才(cai)能再次(ci)送(song)電。
(3)電容(rong)器組斷開開關后必須保證放電3分鐘以上才能再次投運(yun)。
三、電力電容器如何放電
1、通過外部電阻放電
電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器在放電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中,需要通過(guo)具(ju)有一定阻值的外部電(dian)阻來(lai)限制(zhi)電(dian)流的流動。通過(guo)選(xuan)擇(ze)適當的電(dian)阻值,可以控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)放電(dian)速度(du),避(bi)免(mian)電(dian)路中產生過(guo)高的電(dian)流。一般來(lai)說,放電(dian)時(shi)間應該控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在合理范圍(wei)內,避(bi)免(mian)長(chang)時(shi)間的放電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)導致電(dian)容器過(guo)熱或其他安全問題。
2、短路放電
這種方法通過(guo)直(zhi)接(jie)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器兩個極端連接(jie)在一起,使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快(kuai)速(su)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器,實現放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)一種快(kuai)速(su)且高效的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式,通常用于需(xu)(xu)要迅速(su)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器釋放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)景。但需(xu)(xu)要注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),短路放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)能會(hui)造成(cheng)較高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流沖擊,要特別小心操作,確(que)保設備完整。
3、外部負載放電
即將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)連接到一(yi)個負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上(shang),并(bing)使其緩(huan)慢放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種方法相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)為安全,可(ke)以有效(xiao)地避免(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中產生(sheng)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和大功率的情況(kuang),對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的保護(hu)較(jiao)好。但放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)較(jiao)為緩(huan)慢,需要根據(ju)實(shi)際情況(kuang)來(lai)選擇(ze)合適的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。
電(dian)力(li)電容器的正確放電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)其實(shi)(shi)就是(shi)上(shang)述的這三種。所以用電(dian)企業(ye)在選擇放電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)時,應根據實(shi)(shi)際需(xu)求和安(an)全考慮做(zuo)出合理選擇。同(tong)時,還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)注意放電(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)容器的溫度變化,避免過(guo)熱(re)情況的發生。