一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中常用的設備。它(ta)是利用電(dian)(dian)介質的極(ji)化和電(dian)(dian)容(rong)效應來(lai)存儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，通過改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器內部電(dian)(dian)場(chang)分布的方式(shi)，來(lai)實現對電(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流、功率因數等參(can)數的控制和調節(jie)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器具有(you)以下性能(neng)特點：

1、高容量：電力(li)電容器可以提(ti)供較大(da)的(de)電容量，以滿足電力(li)系統的(de)需求。

2、高電壓：電(dian)力電(dian)容器能夠承受較高的(de)電(dian)壓，以適應(ying)電(dian)力系統的(de)要求。

3、低損耗：電力電容器具有較低(di)的電能損(sun)耗，能夠提高功率因數并減少(shao)能源浪費。

4、長壽命：電力電容器(qi)具(ju)有較長的使用壽命，可以穩定地工作多年。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，用于電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統和電(dian)(dian)工設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。任意兩(liang)塊金屬導體，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)用絕緣介質隔(ge)開，即構(gou)成(cheng)一個電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)大(da)小，由其幾何(he)尺寸(cun)和兩(liang)極板間(jian)(jian)絕緣介質的(de)特(te)性(xing)來決定。當電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)交流電(dian)(dian)壓下使用時，常以其無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量，單位為乏或千乏。

三、電力電容器的種類

電力電容器按用途(tu)可分為8種：

1、并聯電容器：原稱(cheng)移相(xiang)電(dian)容器。主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)補償電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統感性負荷的(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率，以提(ti)高(gao)功(gong)率因數，改善電(dian)壓質量(liang)，降低線(xian)路損耗。

2、串聯電容器：串聯于工頻高壓輸、配電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)中，用以補償線(xian)路(lu)的分布感抗，提高系統的靜、動(dong)態穩定性(xing)，改善(shan)線(xian)路(lu)的電(dian)壓質量，加長(chang)送電(dian)距離和增大(da)輸送能力。

3、耦合電容器：主要用于高壓電力(li)線(xian)路的(de)高頻(pin)通信、測量、控制、保護以及在抽取電能的(de)裝置中作部件(jian)用。

4、斷路器電容器：原(yuan)稱(cheng)均(jun)壓電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。并(bing)聯(lian)在超高壓斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)口上起均(jun)壓作用，使各斷(duan)(duan)(duan)口間的電(dian)壓在分(fen)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)過程(cheng)中和斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開時均(jun)勻，并(bing)可(ke)改善斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)的滅(mie)弧特性，提高分(fen)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)能力。

5、電熱電容器：用于頻(pin)率為(wei)40～24000赫的電熱設備系統中，以提高功率因數，改善(shan)回路的電壓或頻(pin)率等特性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要起(qi)貯(zhu)能作用(yong)，用(yong)作沖擊電壓(ya)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、沖擊電流發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、斷路器(qi)試驗用(yong)振蕩回路等基(ji)本貯(zhu)能元件。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于高壓(ya)直流(liu)裝置(zhi)和高壓(ya)整流(liu)濾波裝置(zhi)中。

8、標準電容器：用(yong)(yong)于工頻(pin)高壓(ya)測量介(jie)質損耗回路中(zhong)，作為標(biao)準電容(rong)(rong)或用(yong)(yong)作測量高壓(ya)的電容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)裝置。

另(ling)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中(zhong)分高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)（6KV以上(shang)）和(he)(he)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)（400V），低(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)按(an)性質分油(you)浸紙質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)自愈式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)按(an)功能分普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)智能式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)是一種存儲電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)設(she)備(bei)，它(ta)可以(yi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)流動時向電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)荷，從(cong)而減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流變化。這就可以(yi)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)路的(de)效率，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)的(de)操作過程中(zhong)，節約能(neng)量。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中添加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器可(ke)以降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，從(cong)而減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)波(bo)動(dong)和干擾。這可(ke)以改善設備的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)，在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)環境下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)作用是不可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)。

3、減少能量浪費

在(zai)一些電氣設備中(zhong)(zhong)，電力(li)(li)電容器還(huan)可(ke)以用來(lai)(lai)存(cun)儲能(neng)量，從(cong)而減少能(neng)量的(de)浪費。在(zai)電力(li)(li)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)，電力(li)(li)電容器可(ke)以將電能(neng)存(cun)儲下來(lai)(lai)，并在(zai)需要的(de)時候釋(shi)放，從(cong)而提高電力(li)(li)系(xi)統的(de)效率，降低能(neng)量的(de)浪費。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可以(yi)提供更為穩(wen)定(ding)的電源，保護其他電器設備不受(shou)損壞(huai)，從而(er)提高(gao)電氣(qi)設備的壽命。

5、改善電能質量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)可(ke)以提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的諧波量(liang)和(he)噪聲水(shui)平(ping)，減少設(she)備的漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的穩定性和(he)可(ke)靠性。同時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)還可(ke)以平(ping)衡(heng)三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，消除三相負載不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)現象(xiang)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)備的正常運(yun)行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器(qi)是一種被動元件(jian)，能(neng)夠存儲和(he)釋放電(dian)能(neng)，補(bu)償(chang)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由于電(dian)動機、變(bian)壓器(qi)等電(dian)力(li)設備的(de)(de)工(gong)作需要消耗(hao)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，加上線路本身(shen)的(de)(de)電(dian)容和(he)感抗(kang)，導致電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)較大，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)較低，影響電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)穩定運行和(he)電(dian)能(neng)利用效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。而(er)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器(qi)通過(guo)向電(dian)網(wang)(wang)補(bu)償(chang)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，可以(yi)提高電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)，降低線路損耗(hao)，降低電(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)壓損耗(hao)，提高電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)運行效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)穩定性。