一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是(shi)一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統中(zhong)常(chang)用的設備。它是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)介質的極化和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)效(xiao)應來存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，通(tong)過改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布的方式(shi)，來實現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、功率因數等參數的控制和(he)調節。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)具有以下性能特點：

1、高容量：電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提供較大(da)的電(dian)容量(liang)，以(yi)(yi)滿足電(dian)力系統的需求。

2、高電壓：電(dian)力電(dian)容器能夠承(cheng)受較高的(de)電(dian)壓，以適應電(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

3、低損耗：電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器具有較低的電(dian)(dian)能損耗，能夠(gou)提高功率(lv)因(yin)數并減少能源浪費。

4、長壽命：電力電容器具(ju)有(you)較長(chang)的(de)使用(yong)壽命，可以穩定地工作多年(nian)。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)器，用于電力(li)系統和(he)電工(gong)設(she)備的電容(rong)(rong)器。任意兩(liang)塊金屬導體，中間用絕緣介質隔開，即構成(cheng)一個電容(rong)(rong)器。電容(rong)(rong)器電容(rong)(rong)的大小，由(you)其幾何尺寸(cun)和(he)兩(liang)極(ji)板(ban)間絕緣介質的特性來(lai)決定(ding)。當(dang)電容(rong)(rong)器在交流(liu)電壓(ya)下(xia)使用時，常(chang)以其無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)表示電容(rong)(rong)器的容(rong)(rong)量，單(dan)位為乏或千(qian)乏。

三、電力電容器的種類

電(dian)力電(dian)容器按用途可分為8種：

1、并聯電容器：原稱移相電容器。主要用(yong)于補償(chang)電力(li)系統感性負荷的(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率，以提高功(gong)率因數，改(gai)善(shan)電壓質量，降低線路損(sun)耗(hao)。

2、串聯電容器：串聯于工頻高壓輸(shu)、配電線路(lu)中，用以補償(chang)線路(lu)的(de)分(fen)布感抗，提高系統的(de)靜、動(dong)態穩定性，改善(shan)線路(lu)的(de)電壓質量，加長送(song)電距離(li)和增大輸(shu)送(song)能力。

3、耦合電容器：主要(yao)用(yong)于高壓電力線路的高頻通信、測量、控制、保護(hu)以及在抽取電能(neng)的裝(zhuang)置中作部(bu)件用(yong)。

4、斷路器電容器：原稱均壓電容器。并聯(lian)在超高(gao)(gao)壓斷路(lu)器斷口上起均壓作用，使各斷口間的電壓在分斷過程中和斷開(kai)時均勻，并可改善斷路(lu)器的滅弧特性(xing)，提高(gao)(gao)分斷能力。

5、電熱電容器：用于(yu)頻(pin)率(lv)為40～24000赫(he)的(de)電熱設(she)備系統中，以提高功率(lv)因數(shu)，改善回路(lu)的(de)電壓(ya)或(huo)頻(pin)率(lv)等(deng)特(te)性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要(yao)起貯(zhu)能(neng)作用，用作沖(chong)擊電壓發(fa)生器、沖(chong)擊電流發(fa)生器、斷路器試驗用振蕩回路等基本貯(zhu)能(neng)元(yuan)件。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于(yu)高壓(ya)直流裝置(zhi)和高壓(ya)整流濾波裝置(zhi)中。

8、標準電容器：用(yong)于工頻高壓測(ce)量介(jie)質損耗回(hui)路(lu)中，作為(wei)標(biao)準(zhun)電容或(huo)用(yong)作測(ce)量高壓的電容分壓裝置。

另外，電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)電力(li)系統中分高壓電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)（6KV以上）和(he)低壓電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)（400V），低壓電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)按(an)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)分油浸紙質(zhi)(zhi)電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)和(he)自愈式電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)；電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)按(an)功能分普通(tong)電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)和(he)智(zhi)能式電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電(dian)力電(dian)容器是一種存(cun)儲電(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)，它(ta)可以在電(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)流動時向電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)提供電(dian)荷，從而(er)減少電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流變(bian)化。這就可以提高電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率，在電(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)操作過程中(zhong)，節約能量。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中添加電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，從而減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)波動(dong)和干擾。這可(ke)以(yi)(yi)改善設備的(de)穩定性，在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓環境下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)作用(yong)是不可(ke)或缺的(de)。

3、減少能量浪費

在(zai)(zai)一些電氣設備中(zhong)，電力(li)電容器(qi)還可以用來存儲能量，從而(er)減少能量的(de)浪費(fei)。在(zai)(zai)電力(li)系統中(zhong)，電力(li)電容器(qi)可以將(jiang)電能存儲下(xia)來，并在(zai)(zai)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)時候釋放，從而(er)提高電力(li)系統的(de)效率，降低能量的(de)浪費(fei)。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可以提(ti)(ti)供更為穩定的電源，保護其他電器設備不受損壞，從(cong)而提(ti)(ti)高電氣設備的壽命。

5、改善電能質量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可以(yi)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)諧波量和(he)噪聲水平，減少設(she)備的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾，提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)穩定性和(he)可靠性。同(tong)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器還可以(yi)平衡(heng)三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，消除三相負(fu)載不平衡(heng)現(xian)象(xiang)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)備的(de)正常運行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器是一種被動(dong)元件，能夠存儲和(he)釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機、變(bian)壓(ya)器等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設備(bei)的(de)工(gong)作需要消耗(hao)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，加上(shang)線路(lu)(lu)本身的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和(he)感抗(kang)，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)較大，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數(shu)較低(di)，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)穩(wen)定運行和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能利用效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器通過向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)補償無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，可(ke)以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數(shu)，降(jiang)低(di)線路(lu)(lu)損(sun)耗(hao)，降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)損(sun)耗(hao)，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)運行效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)穩(wen)定性。