一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中(zhong)常用的(de)設備。它(ta)是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介質的(de)極化和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容效應來(lai)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，通(tong)過改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布的(de)方式，來(lai)實現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、功率因(yin)數等(deng)參數的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)調節。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器具有(you)以下性能特點(dian)：

1、高容量：電力電容(rong)器可以提供較大的電容(rong)量，以滿(man)足電力系統的需求。

2、高電壓：電力電容器(qi)能夠承受較高(gao)的電壓，以適(shi)應電力系統的要求。

3、低損耗：電(dian)力電(dian)容器具有(you)較低的(de)電(dian)能損耗，能夠提(ti)高功率因數(shu)并減少(shao)能源(yuan)浪費。

4、長壽命：電(dian)力電(dian)容器具有較長的使用壽(shou)命，可(ke)以穩定地工作(zuo)多(duo)年。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)，用于電(dian)力系統和(he)電(dian)工設備的(de)電(dian)容器(qi)。任意(yi)兩塊金屬導體，中間(jian)用絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)隔開，即構成(cheng)一(yi)個電(dian)容器(qi)。電(dian)容器(qi)電(dian)容的(de)大小，由其(qi)幾何尺(chi)寸(cun)和(he)兩極板間(jian)絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)的(de)特(te)性來決(jue)定。當電(dian)容器(qi)在交流電(dian)壓下使用時，常(chang)以其(qi)無功功率表示(shi)電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)容量(liang)，單(dan)位為(wei)乏或千乏。

三、電力電容器的種類

電力電容器(qi)按用途可分為8種(zhong)：

1、并聯電容器：原稱移(yi)相電容器。主要用于補償電力系統感性負荷的無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)，以提高功(gong)率(lv)因數，改善電壓質量，降低線路損(sun)耗。

2、串聯電容器：串聯于工(gong)頻高壓輸、配電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，用以(yi)補償(chang)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)分布感抗，提(ti)高系統的(de)靜(jing)、動態(tai)穩定性，改善線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)壓質(zhi)量，加(jia)長(chang)送(song)電(dian)距離和(he)增大輸送(song)能力(li)。

3、耦合電容器：主要(yao)用(yong)于高(gao)壓電力線路的高(gao)頻通(tong)信、測量(liang)、控制(zhi)、保護以及在抽取(qu)電能的裝置中(zhong)作部件用(yong)。

4、斷路器電容器：原稱均(jun)(jun)壓(ya)電容器(qi)(qi)。并聯在超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)口(kou)上起均(jun)(jun)壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)，使各斷(duan)(duan)(duan)口(kou)間(jian)的(de)電壓(ya)在分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)過程中(zhong)和斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開時均(jun)(jun)勻，并可(ke)改善(shan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)的(de)滅弧特性，提高(gao)分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)能力。

5、電熱電容器：用于頻(pin)率為(wei)40～24000赫的電熱設備系統(tong)中，以提高(gao)功率因數，改善回路的電壓或頻(pin)率等特性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要起貯(zhu)能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)，用(yong)作(zuo)沖(chong)(chong)擊電壓發生器(qi)(qi)、沖(chong)(chong)擊電流發生器(qi)(qi)、斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)試驗用(yong)振蕩回(hui)路(lu)(lu)等基(ji)本(ben)貯(zhu)能(neng)元件。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于高壓直流裝置和(he)高壓整(zheng)流濾波(bo)裝置中。

8、標準電容器：用于工頻高壓(ya)測量介質損(sun)耗(hao)回路中(zhong)，作(zuo)為標(biao)準電容或(huo)用作(zuo)測量高壓(ya)的(de)電容分壓(ya)裝置。

另外，電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在電(dian)力(li)(li)系統中分(fen)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器（6KV以上）和低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器（400V），低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器按(an)性質(zhi)分(fen)油浸紙質(zhi)電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和自(zi)愈式電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器；電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器按(an)功能分(fen)普通電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和智能式電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器是一(yi)種存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備，它可(ke)以在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)流動時向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，從(cong)而減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變(bian)化。這就可(ke)以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)效率(lv)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)過(guo)程中，節約能(neng)量。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中添加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器可以降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，從而減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)波動和干擾。這可以改善設(she)備的(de)(de)穩定性，在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓環(huan)境下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)作用是(shi)不(bu)可或缺的(de)(de)。

3、減少能量浪費

在一些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)還可(ke)以用來存儲能量，從而(er)減少能量的(de)浪(lang)費(fei)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能存儲下來，并(bing)在需要的(de)時候(hou)釋放，從而(er)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)效率(lv)，降低能量的(de)浪(lang)費(fei)。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可以提供更(geng)為穩定(ding)的電源，保護其他(ta)電器設備不受(shou)損壞，從而(er)提高電氣設備的壽命。

5、改善電能質量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可以提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)諧波量(liang)和(he)噪聲水平(ping)，減少(shao)設備的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干(gan)擾，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)穩定性和(he)可靠性。同時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器還可以平(ping)衡(heng)三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，消除三相(xiang)負載不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)現(xian)象，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設備的(de)正常運行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)是一種被動元件，能(neng)(neng)夠存儲(chu)和(he)釋放(fang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，補償電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)的無功(gong)功(gong)率。由于電(dian)(dian)動機、變壓器(qi)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)力設備的工作需要(yao)消耗無功(gong)功(gong)率，加(jia)上線路(lu)本身的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)和(he)感抗，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)無功(gong)功(gong)率較(jiao)大(da)，功(gong)率因(yin)數較(jiao)低，影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)網的穩定(ding)運行和(he)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)利用效(xiao)率。而(er)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)通(tong)過向電(dian)(dian)網補償無功(gong)功(gong)率，可以提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)網的功(gong)率因(yin)數，降低線路(lu)損(sun)耗，降低電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓損(sun)耗，提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)網的運行效(xiao)率和(he)穩定(ding)性。