一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是一(yi)種電(dian)力(li)系統中常用的(de)設備(bei)。它是利(li)用電(dian)介(jie)質的(de)極化和電(dian)容效應來存儲(chu)電(dian)能，通(tong)過改變電(dian)容器(qi)內部電(dian)場分布的(de)方式(shi)，來實現對電(dian)路中電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、功(gong)率因數(shu)等參數(shu)的(de)控(kong)制和調節。電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器(qi)具有以下(xia)性能特點：

1、高容量：電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器可以(yi)提供較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量，以(yi)滿足電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)需求。

2、高電壓：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器(qi)能夠承受較高(gao)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，以適(shi)應電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的(de)要求。

3、低損耗：電(dian)力電(dian)容器具有較低的電(dian)能損耗，能夠(gou)提高功率因數并減少(shao)能源浪費。

4、長壽命：電力電容器具有較長(chang)的使用(yong)壽命，可以穩定地(di)工作多年。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電力(li)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，用(yong)于(yu)電力(li)系統和(he)電工設備(bei)的電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。任意兩塊金(jin)屬導體，中間用(yong)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介質(zhi)隔開，即構成一個(ge)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)電容(rong)的大小，由其幾何尺寸和(he)兩極板間絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介質(zhi)的特性來決(jue)定。當電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)在交流電壓(ya)下(xia)使用(yong)時(shi)，常以其無功功率(lv)表示電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的容(rong)量，單位為乏(fa)(fa)或千乏(fa)(fa)。

三、電力電容器的種類

電力(li)電容器按用途可分為(wei)8種(zhong)：

1、并聯電容器：原稱移相電容器。主要用于補(bu)償(chang)電力系(xi)統感性負荷的無功功率(lv)，以提高功率(lv)因數，改善(shan)電壓質量，降(jiang)低線路損(sun)耗。

2、串聯電容器：串聯于工頻高壓輸、配電(dian)線路中，用以補償線路的分(fen)布感抗，提高系統的靜、動態穩定性，改善線路的電(dian)壓質量，加長送電(dian)距離(li)和增大輸送能力。

3、耦合電容器：主要用(yong)于(yu)高壓(ya)電力(li)線路的高頻通信(xin)、測量(liang)、控制、保護(hu)以及在抽取(qu)電能的裝置中作(zuo)部件用(yong)。

4、斷路器電容器：原稱均壓(ya)電容器。并聯(lian)在(zai)超高壓(ya)斷(duan)(duan)路器斷(duan)(duan)口(kou)上起均壓(ya)作用，使各(ge)斷(duan)(duan)口(kou)間(jian)的電壓(ya)在(zai)分斷(duan)(duan)過程中和斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)時(shi)均勻(yun)，并可(ke)改善斷(duan)(duan)路器的滅弧(hu)特性，提高分斷(duan)(duan)能力。

5、電熱電容器：用于頻率為40～24000赫的電熱設備系統(tong)中(zhong)，以提高功率因數，改善回路的電壓或(huo)頻率等(deng)特性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要起(qi)貯能作(zuo)用(yong)，用(yong)作(zuo)沖擊電壓發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)、沖擊電流發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)、斷(duan)路器(qi)試驗用(yong)振蕩回路等基本貯能元件。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于高壓直(zhi)流(liu)裝置和高壓整(zheng)流(liu)濾(lv)波裝置中(zhong)。

8、標準電容器：用于工頻高壓測(ce)量(liang)介質損耗回路中，作為標準電(dian)容(rong)或用作測(ce)量(liang)高壓的(de)電(dian)容(rong)分壓裝置。

另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統中分(fen)(fen)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)（6KV以上）和低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)（400V），低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)按性質分(fen)(fen)油浸紙質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)和自愈式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)按功能分(fen)(fen)普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)和智能式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器是一種存儲電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的設(she)備(bei)，它可(ke)以在電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的流動時(shi)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)提供電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，從而減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)流變化。這就可(ke)以提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)路的效率，在電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)的操作過(guo)程中(zhong)，節(jie)約(yue)能量。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)添加電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)可以降低(di)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的電(dian)(dian)阻，從而減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的波動和干擾。這可以改善設備的穩(wen)定性，在高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)環(huan)境(jing)下，電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的作用是不可或(huo)缺的。

3、減少能量浪費

在一些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)還可(ke)以用(yong)來存(cun)儲能量(liang)(liang)，從(cong)而減少能量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)浪(lang)費。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能存(cun)儲下來，并在需要的(de)(de)時候(hou)釋(shi)放，從(cong)而提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)效率，降低能量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)浪(lang)費。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可以(yi)提(ti)供更為(wei)穩定的電(dian)源，保(bao)護(hu)其他(ta)電(dian)器設備不(bu)受損壞，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高電(dian)氣設備的壽(shou)命。

5、改善電能質量

電力(li)(li)電容器可(ke)以(yi)提高電能(neng)質量，降低電網電壓的(de)(de)諧波(bo)量和噪聲水平，減少設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)漏電流(liu)和電波(bo)干(gan)擾，提高電能(neng)的(de)(de)穩定性和可(ke)靠性。同(tong)時，電力(li)(li)電容器還可(ke)以(yi)平衡三相(xiang)電壓，消除(chu)三相(xiang)負載(zai)不平衡現象，保證電力(li)(li)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)正常運行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器是一種被動元(yuan)件，能夠存(cun)儲和釋(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)(de)無(wu)功功率(lv)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、變壓(ya)器等電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設備的(de)(de)工作需要消耗無(wu)功功率(lv)，加上(shang)線路本身的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和感抗，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中無(wu)功功率(lv)較大，功率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)較低(di)，影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)穩定運(yun)(yun)行和電(dian)(dian)(dian)能利(li)用效率(lv)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器通過(guo)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)補償(chang)無(wu)功功率(lv)，可以(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)功率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)，降(jiang)低(di)線路損(sun)耗，降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)損(sun)耗，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行效率(lv)和穩定性。