一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是一種電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中常用的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)。它是利用電(dian)(dian)介質的(de)(de)極化(hua)和(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)效應來存儲電(dian)(dian)能，通過改變電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)分布的(de)(de)方(fang)式，來實現對電(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、功率因數等參數的(de)(de)控(kong)制和(he)調節。電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器具有以下性(xing)能特點(dian)：

1、高容量：電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器可以提(ti)供較大的(de)電(dian)容(rong)量，以滿足(zu)電(dian)力系統的(de)需求。

2、高電壓：電(dian)力電(dian)容器能夠承受較(jiao)高的電(dian)壓，以適(shi)應電(dian)力系統(tong)的要求(qiu)。

3、低損耗：電(dian)力電(dian)容器具(ju)有較(jiao)低的(de)電(dian)能損耗，能夠提高功率(lv)因數并減少能源(yuan)浪費。

4、長壽命：電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器具有較長(chang)的使用壽命，可(ke)以穩定地(di)工作多年。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器，用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)設備(bei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。任意兩塊金屬導體，中間(jian)用絕緣介(jie)質隔開，即構(gou)成一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)大小，由其(qi)幾何尺寸(cun)和(he)兩極板間(jian)絕緣介(jie)質的(de)特性(xing)來決定。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下使用時，常以其(qi)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，單位為乏(fa)或千乏(fa)。

三、電力電容器的種類

電(dian)力電(dian)容器按用途可分為8種：

1、并聯電容器：原稱移相電容器。主要用于補償電力系(xi)統(tong)感性(xing)負荷的無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，以提高功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數，改善電壓質量，降低(di)線路損耗。

2、串聯電容器：串聯(lian)于工頻高壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)、配電(dian)線路(lu)(lu)中，用以補償(chang)線路(lu)(lu)的分布(bu)感抗，提高系(xi)統的靜、動態穩定性，改(gai)善線路(lu)(lu)的電(dian)壓(ya)質(zhi)量(liang)，加長送(song)電(dian)距離和(he)增大輸(shu)(shu)送(song)能力。

3、耦合電容器：主要(yao)用于高壓電力線(xian)路的(de)高頻通(tong)信、測量、控制、保(bao)護以及在抽取電能的(de)裝置中作部件用。

4、斷路器電容器：原(yuan)稱(cheng)均壓電容(rong)器。并(bing)聯(lian)在(zai)超(chao)高壓斷路(lu)器斷口上起均壓作用，使各斷口間的(de)電壓在(zai)分(fen)斷過程中和斷開(kai)時均勻，并(bing)可改善斷路(lu)器的(de)滅弧特(te)性，提高分(fen)斷能力。

5、電熱電容器：用于頻(pin)率為40～24000赫(he)的電熱設備系統中，以提高(gao)功率因數，改善回路的電壓或頻(pin)率等特性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要起貯能(neng)作(zuo)用，用作(zuo)沖擊(ji)(ji)電壓發生器、沖擊(ji)(ji)電流(liu)發生器、斷路器試驗用振蕩回(hui)路等基本貯能(neng)元件。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于高(gao)壓直流裝(zhuang)置和高(gao)壓整流濾波裝(zhuang)置中。

8、標準電容器：用于工頻高壓測量(liang)介質損耗(hao)回路中，作(zuo)為標(biao)準電容(rong)或用作(zuo)測量(liang)高壓的電容(rong)分壓裝置。

另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)中分(fen)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（6KV以上(shang)）和低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（400V），低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按性質(zhi)分(fen)油浸紙質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和自愈式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按功(gong)能分(fen)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和智能式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器是一種存儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)設(she)備，它可以在電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)流動時(shi)向電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)提供電(dian)(dian)荷，從而減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流變化。這就可以提高電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)效率，在電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備的(de)(de)操作過程中(zhong)，節約(yue)能量。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在電(dian)路中添加電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)可以降低電(dian)路的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)，從而(er)減少電(dian)路的(de)波動和(he)干擾。這可以改善設備的(de)穩定性，在高電(dian)壓環境下，電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)作用是不可或缺的(de)。

3、減少能量浪費

在一些(xie)電氣設備中(zhong)，電力(li)(li)電容(rong)器還(huan)可以(yi)用來存儲(chu)能(neng)量(liang)，從而減少能(neng)量(liang)的浪(lang)費。在電力(li)(li)系統(tong)中(zhong)，電力(li)(li)電容(rong)器可以(yi)將(jiang)電能(neng)存儲(chu)下來，并在需要的時候釋放，從而提高電力(li)(li)系統(tong)的效(xiao)率(lv)，降低(di)能(neng)量(liang)的浪(lang)費。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可以提供更為(wei)穩定的電(dian)源，保護其他(ta)電(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)不(bu)受損壞(huai)，從而提高電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)的壽命。

5、改善電能質量

電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)可以提高電(dian)能(neng)質量，降(jiang)低電(dian)網電(dian)壓的(de)(de)諧波(bo)量和(he)(he)噪聲水平，減少設備的(de)(de)漏電(dian)流和(he)(he)電(dian)波(bo)干擾，提高電(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)和(he)(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)。同時，電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)還可以平衡三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)壓，消除三(san)相(xiang)負載不平衡現象(xiang)，保證電(dian)力設備的(de)(de)正常運行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)是一種被動(dong)元件，能(neng)(neng)夠存儲(chu)和(he)釋放電(dian)能(neng)(neng)，補(bu)(bu)償(chang)電(dian)網(wang)中的(de)無功功率(lv)。由于(yu)電(dian)動(dong)機、變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)等電(dian)力設備(bei)的(de)工作需要消(xiao)耗無功功率(lv)，加(jia)上(shang)線路(lu)本身的(de)電(dian)容(rong)和(he)感抗，導(dao)致電(dian)網(wang)中無功功率(lv)較(jiao)大(da)，功率(lv)因(yin)數較(jiao)低，影(ying)響電(dian)網(wang)的(de)穩定運(yun)行和(he)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)利用效率(lv)。而電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)通過向電(dian)網(wang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)無功功率(lv)，可以提(ti)高電(dian)網(wang)的(de)功率(lv)因(yin)數，降(jiang)低線路(lu)損耗，降(jiang)低電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)損耗，提(ti)高電(dian)網(wang)的(de)運(yun)行效率(lv)和(he)穩定性。