一、電力電容器里面是什么材料

電力電容器內部主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)極和介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)構成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)極通(tong)常使用金屬(shu)箔(bo)(bo)，介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)則用于隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。金屬(shu)箔(bo)(bo)之(zhi)間(jian)通(tong)過(guo)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)隔離，這(zhe)樣就形成了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)通(tong)常被涂覆在箔(bo)(bo)上，或者(zhe)為箔(bo)(bo)包裹(guo)在中間(jian)層(ceng)。介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)也稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的絕緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。

1、金屬箔

金屬箔是(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，用于傳遞電(dian)(dian)荷。箔通常使用鋁箔或(huo)銅箔，表面被(bei)涂覆了一(yi)層氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)。這層氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)的(de)作用是(shi)防止金屬腐蝕(shi)，并且增加硬度和耐磨性。金屬箔的(de)寬度和長(chang)度通常根據(ju)需(xu)要進行定制(zhi)。

2、介電材料

介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分，它用于隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料應(ying)具(ju)有高介電(dian)(dian)(dian)常(chang)數和低(di)損耗角正切值，這樣它就可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)場集中在箔之(zhi)間(jian)，從而(er)增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)容。常(chang)用的(de)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料有聚丙(bing)烯(xi)、聚酯、陶(tao)瓷、瓷紙等。

二、電力電容器里面有銅嗎

通常(chang)情(qing)況下，電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器中不(bu)含(han)(han)銅元素(su)。雖然(ran)一些金屬箔是(shi)由涂有銅的鋁箔制(zhi)成，但涂層為了防(fang)止氧化往(wang)往(wang)只是(shi)非常(chang)薄的一層，含(han)(han)銅量非常(chang)小(xiao)，對電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的整體材料成分影響(xiang)極小(xiao)。電(dian)介質也一般不(bu)含(han)(han)銅元素(su)，因此電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器中的主(zhu)要材料并不(bu)包(bao)括銅。

三、電力電容器里面的液體是什么東西

電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)運(yun)行時出現的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體，是電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)漬介質。采用(yong)蓖麻油(you)、礦物油(you)等油(you)脂(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)浸(jin)(jin)漬介質的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)，滲漏(lou)(lou)出來的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體是絕緣(yuan)油(you)。采用(yong)微晶蠟(la)(la)作(zuo)為(wei)浸(jin)(jin)漬介質的(de)(de)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)，滲漏(lou)(lou)出來的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體是液(ye)(ye)態(tai)蠟(la)(la)。當電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)發生著火、爆炸事故時，這些(xie)液(ye)(ye)體會起到助(zhu)燃(ran)作(zuo)用(yong)。

1、絕緣油填充的電容器

在市面上，有不(bu)少絕緣(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)填(tian)充(chong)的油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)電容(rong)(rong)器。在油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)電容(rong)(rong)器內(nei)(nei)部(bu)，主要用礦物油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、植物油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等填(tian)充(chong)。當油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)電容(rong)(rong)器運(yun)行時出現(xian)漏液現(xian)象，一般是填(tian)充(chong)的絕緣(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泄漏。當電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)器出現(xian)漏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的話，不(bu)僅會(hui)(hui)造成內(nei)(nei)部(bu)絕緣(yuan)水(shui)平降(jiang)低(di)(di)，還會(hui)(hui)造成外部(bu)潮氣侵入(ru)，同時會(hui)(hui)引起電容(rong)(rong)器絕緣(yuan)受(shou)潮、絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，進而導致電容(rong)(rong)器內(nei)(nei)部(bu)元件的擊穿放(fang)電，甚至(zhi)發生爆炸。

2、微晶石蠟填充的電容器

由于油浸式電容器存在滲漏油、易燃等風險，不少電力電容器廠家開始(shi)用微晶石蠟(la)(la)代替絕緣油。而微晶石蠟(la)(la)在常溫下(xia)為固體，不會出現漏液現象；但是電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器運行時會產生熱(re)量，這會導致(zhi)微晶石蠟(la)(la)溶解(jie)變(bian)為液態(tai)；而溶解(jie)后(hou)的微晶石蠟(la)(la)和電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器金屬化(hua)膜結構相似，會起(qi)到溶脹(zhang)作用，進而導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器介質損耗增加，甚至導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器損壞。