一、電力電容器里面是什么材料
電力電容器內部主要由電(dian)(dian)極和介電(dian)(dian)材(cai)料構(gou)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)極通常使用金屬(shu)箔,介電(dian)(dian)材(cai)料則用于隔(ge)離電(dian)(dian)極并固定電(dian)(dian)場。金屬(shu)箔之間(jian)通過介電(dian)(dian)材(cai)料隔(ge)離,這樣就形(xing)成(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)容器的(de)電(dian)(dian)場。介電(dian)(dian)材(cai)料通常被(bei)涂(tu)覆在(zai)(zai)箔上,或(huo)者為箔包裹在(zai)(zai)中間(jian)層。介電(dian)(dian)材(cai)料也稱為電(dian)(dian)容器的(de)絕緣材(cai)料。
1、金屬箔
金(jin)屬箔(bo)是(shi)電容器的電極(ji),用于傳遞電荷。箔(bo)通常使用鋁箔(bo)或(huo)銅箔(bo),表面(mian)被涂覆了一(yi)層(ceng)氧(yang)化(hua)物。這層(ceng)氧(yang)化(hua)物的作用是(shi)防止金(jin)屬腐蝕,并且增(zeng)加(jia)硬度和耐磨性。金(jin)屬箔(bo)的寬度和長度通常根(gen)據(ju)需要進行定(ding)制。
2、介電材料
介電材料是電容器的重要(yao)組成部分,它用于(yu)隔離電極并(bing)固定電場(chang)。介電材料應具(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)介電常(chang)(chang)數和低損耗(hao)角正切值,這樣它就可以將電場(chang)集中在箔(bo)之間,從而增加(jia)電容。常(chang)(chang)用的介電材料有(you)(you)聚(ju)丙(bing)烯、聚(ju)酯、陶(tao)瓷、瓷紙等。
二、電力電容器里面有銅嗎
通常(chang)情況(kuang)下,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)中不含銅元(yuan)素。雖然一些金屬箔是由(you)涂(tu)有銅的(de)鋁箔制成,但涂(tu)層(ceng)為了防止氧(yang)化往往只是非常(chang)薄的(de)一層(ceng),含銅量非常(chang)小,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的(de)整體材料成分影響(xiang)極小。電(dian)(dian)(dian)介質也一般不含銅元(yuan)素,因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)中的(de)主要材料并(bing)不包括銅。
三、電力電容器里面的液體是什么東西
電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)運行時出現的(de)(de)液體(ti),是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)浸漬(zi)介(jie)質。采用(yong)蓖麻油(you)、礦(kuang)物油(you)等油(you)脂作(zuo)為(wei)浸漬(zi)介(jie)質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi),滲漏出來的(de)(de)液體(ti)是(shi)絕緣(yuan)油(you)。采用(yong)微晶蠟作(zuo)為(wei)浸漬(zi)介(jie)質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi),滲漏出來的(de)(de)液體(ti)是(shi)液態(tai)蠟。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)發生著(zhu)火、爆(bao)炸事故時,這些液體(ti)會起(qi)到助燃作(zuo)用(yong)。
1、絕緣油填充的電容器
在市(shi)面上,有(you)不(bu)少絕(jue)緣(yuan)油(you)填充的油(you)浸式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器。在油(you)浸式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器內部,主(zhu)要用(yong)礦物油(you)、植物油(you)等填充。當(dang)油(you)浸式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器運行(xing)時出現(xian)漏液現(xian)象,一般是填充的絕(jue)緣(yuan)油(you)泄漏。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器出現(xian)漏油(you)的話(hua),不(bu)僅會造(zao)成(cheng)內部絕(jue)緣(yuan)水平降低(di),還會造(zao)成(cheng)外部潮氣(qi)侵入,同時會引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器絕(jue)緣(yuan)受潮、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻降低(di),進而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器內部元(yuan)件的擊(ji)穿放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),甚(shen)至發生爆(bao)炸。
2、微晶石蠟填充的電容器
由于油浸式電容器存在滲漏油、易燃等風險,不少電力電容器廠家(jia)開始用(yong)微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟(la)代替絕緣油。而(er)微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟(la)在常(chang)溫下為固體,不會出現(xian)漏液(ye)現(xian)象(xiang);但是電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)運行(xing)時會產生熱量,這會導致微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟(la)溶(rong)(rong)解變為液(ye)態;而(er)溶(rong)(rong)解后(hou)的微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟(la)和電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)金屬化膜結構相似,會起到溶(rong)(rong)脹作用(yong),進而(er)導致電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)介(jie)質損(sun)耗增(zeng)加,甚至導致電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)損(sun)壞。