電(dian)動車充電(dian)器的原理介紹 電(dian)動車充電(dian)器的分類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式(shi)充電器，省電，效率高，但是易(yi)壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常(chang)(chang)用的開關電(dian)源(yuan)式充電(dian)器又(you)(you)分半橋(qiao)式和單激(ji)(ji)式兩大類，單激(ji)(ji)類又(you)(you)分為(wei)正激(ji)(ji)式和反激(ji)(ji)式兩類。半橋(qiao)式成(cheng)(cheng)本高，性(xing)能好(hao)，常(chang)(chang)用于帶(dai)負(fu)脈沖的充電(dian)器；單激(ji)(ji)式成(cheng)(cheng)本低，市場(chang)占有率高。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據麥斯(si)先生的三定律(lv)制作(zuo)成功了多種品(pin)牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理(li)用(yong)到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不(bu)(bu)切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路，用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路瞬(shun)間(jian)，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路時由于不(bu)(bu)切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路中串連(lian)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一般(ban)在1秒內(nei)短路3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)跳變，短路時間(jian)短促，可以(yi)(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如果把(ba)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)然(ran)為負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業(ye)就出(chu)現了名詞“負脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可以(yi)(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

關于三段式充電器

近(jin)幾年，電(dian)動車(che)普遍使用了(le)所(suo)謂三段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充電(dian)器，第一(yi)個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)(heng)流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，第二個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，第三個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫涓(juan)流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。大(da)多數充電(dian)器第一(yi)、二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)是紅(hong)燈，第三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)變綠(lv)燈。

買新(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)檢(jian)查三(san)(san)段式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的三(san)(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)參數(shu)，一般(ban)可(ke)以自己(ji)測(ce)(ce)得(de)第三(san)(san)階段的低(di)恒壓(ya)值。方(fang)法是，不接電(dian)(dian)池，給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)的200V直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測(ce)(ce)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另(ling)兩個參數(shu)高(gao)恒壓(ya)值和轉折電(dian)(dian)流一般(ban)需(xu)要(yao)專用(yong)工具才(cai)能測(ce)(ce)得(de)。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時(shi)。

2、原則是(shi)淺放（電）勤(qin)充（電），就是(shi)騎行(xing)不足夠遠，也(ye)要(yao)及時(shi)充電，避免放光再充電。

3、長(chang)期不騎，要定期（2－3個月(yue)）充(chong)電一次(ci)。

4、長期(qi)淺放的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個月左右，作(zuo)一次深放電(dian)(dian)，就是所謂放光(guang)再充電(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)深部的(de)長期(qi)不動(dong)的(de)物質的(de)活化。放光(guang)的(de)意(yi)思(si)是，騎到控制(zhi)器電(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓保護動(dong)作(zuo)為止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一(yi)般新電(dian)池(chi)投入使用8－10個月后(hou)，要(yao)對電(dian)池(chi)進行檢查和維護。

2、一般名牌車配(pei)套的充電器是(shi)經過篩選的，通常不(bu)用測試，但(dan)是(shi)單(dan)獨到市場上(shang)采購的非配(pei)套充電器，一定(ding)要進行前述三個參數的測試。

3、有一(yi)種(zhong)不帶工(gong)頻變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)可(ke)控硅充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機，直接(jie)整流(liu)市電(dian)為電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)到30A，電(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可(ke)調，未(wei)徹底切斷市電(dian)前，千萬不要摸電(dian)池(chi)，貨(huo)運三輪使用這類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機的(de)客(ke)戶(hu)特別要注意安全(quan)。