電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)原理介紹 電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)分類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省(sheng)電，效率(lv)高(gao)，但是易壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常用的開關電源式(shi)充(chong)電器(qi)又(you)分半(ban)橋式(shi)和單激式(shi)兩大類，單激類又(you)分為正(zheng)激式(shi)和反激式(shi)兩類。半(ban)橋式(shi)成本(ben)高(gao)，性(xing)能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充(chong)電器(qi)；單激式(shi)成本(ben)低，市(shi)場占有率(lv)高(gao)。

關于負脈沖充電器

根(gen)據(ju)麥斯先生的三定律制(zhi)作成功了多種品(pin)牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程是(shi)：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理用到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，不(bu)切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)瞬間，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)時由于不(bu)切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)中串連(lian)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在(zai)1秒(miao)內短(duan)路(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)能(neng)跳變，短(duan)路(lu)時間短(duan)促，可以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換(huan)部分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然(ran)為負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業就出現了名詞“負脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可以(yi)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

關于三段式充電器

近幾年，電(dian)動車普遍使用了所謂(wei)三段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，第(di)一個階(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒流(liu)階(jie)段(duan)，第(di)二個階(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒壓階(jie)段(duan)，第(di)三個階(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)階(jie)段(duan)。大多(duo)數(shu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)第(di)一、二階(jie)段(duan)是紅燈，第(di)三階(jie)段(duan)變(bian)綠燈。

買新充電器要檢(jian)查三段式充電器的(de)三個重要參(can)數，一般(ban)可(ke)以自己測得(de)第三階段的(de)低恒(heng)壓值。方法是，不接電池，給充電器加(jia)市電，用數字萬用表的(de)200V直流(liu)電壓檔(dang)測充電器的(de)輸出電壓。另兩個參(can)數高(gao)恒(heng)壓值和轉(zhuan)折電流(liu)一般(ban)需(xu)要專(zhuan)用工具(ju)才(cai)能(neng)測得(de)。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。

2、原則(ze)是(shi)(shi)淺放（電(dian)）勤充(chong)（電(dian)），就是(shi)(shi)騎(qi)行不(bu)足夠遠，也(ye)要(yao)及時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)，避免放光再充(chong)電(dian)。

3、長期(qi)不騎(qi)，要(yao)定期(qi)（2－3個月(yue)）充電一次(ci)。

4、長期淺放(fang)(fang)的(de)電(dian)池，3個月左右(you)，作(zuo)一次深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，就是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)放(fang)(fang)光(guang)再充電(dian)，有利于電(dian)池深部的(de)長期不動的(de)物(wu)質的(de)活(huo)化。放(fang)(fang)光(guang)的(de)意思(si)是(shi)，騎到(dao)控制器電(dian)池欠壓保護(hu)動作(zuo)為止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新電池投(tou)入(ru)使用(yong)8－10個月后，要對電池進(jin)行檢查和維護。

2、一(yi)(yi)般名(ming)牌車配(pei)套的(de)充電(dian)器(qi)是(shi)經過篩選的(de)，通常不用測試(shi)，但是(shi)單獨到(dao)市場上采(cai)購的(de)非配(pei)套充電(dian)器(qi)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要進行前述三個參數的(de)測試(shi)。

3、有一(yi)種不帶(dai)工頻變壓器的可(ke)控硅充電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直(zhi)接整流市電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流可(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可(ke)調(diao)，未徹(che)底切斷市電(dian)(dian)前，千萬不要摸電(dian)(dian)池，貨(huo)運三(san)輪使用這類充電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的客(ke)戶(hu)特(te)別要注意安全。