一、電動車電池硫化原因分析

電動車是由電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)，即蓄電(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)能的。電(dian)(dian)動車蓄電(dian)(dian)池常出(chu)現(xian)硫化(hua)現(xian)象。

1、何為硫化

蓄(xu)電(dian)池內部極板(ban)的(de)表(biao)面(mian)上(shang)附著一層白色堅硬的(de)結晶體，充電(dian)后依舊不(bu)能剝離極板(ban)表(biao)面(mian)轉化為(wei)活(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)硫酸鉛，這(zhe)就是硫酸鹽化，簡稱為(wei)“硫化”。

該圖片由注冊用戶"志士豪杰"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、硫化表象

電池內阻增大，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)較未硫化前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)提(ti)前(qian)到達充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大越(yue)明(ming)顯。酸液密度低(di)于正常(chang)值。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量下(xia)降(jiang)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大容量下(xia)降(jiang)越(yue)明(ming)顯。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)有產生氣(qi)泡，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)溫升(sheng)增快，嚴重時(shi)可導致充(chong)(chong)不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、硫化的生成

根據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)雙硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)論(lun)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)(zai)每次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，正負極板的(de)不同活性物質(zhi)均(jun)轉變為硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)各(ge)自還原回不同的(de)活性物質(zhi)。而(er)(er)經常過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流深(shen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、低溫大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不及時、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不充(chong)足、酸(suan)液密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)過高、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部(bu)缺水、長期(qi)擱置時，極板表面(mian)(mian)的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)堆(dui)積過量(liang)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液中(zhong)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)，呈飽(bao)和(he)狀態，這些硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)微粒在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫度(du)(du)(du)、酸(suan)濃度(du)(du)(du)的(de)波動下，重新結晶析(xi)出在(zai)(zai)(zai)極板表面(mian)(mian)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)晶體系傾向于(yu)(yu)減小(xiao)其表面(mian)(mian)自由(you)(you)能的(de)結果(guo)，重組析(xi)出后(hou)的(de)結晶呈增(zeng)大(da)、增(zeng)厚趨勢(shi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)是難溶(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)，重組后(hou)的(de)結晶體其比(bi)表面(mian)(mian)積減小(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液中(zhong)的(de)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)速度(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低。硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)附著在(zai)(zai)(zai)極板表面(mian)(mian)和(he)微孔中(zhong)阻礙了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)正常擴散反(fan)映(ying)，且硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導不良阻值大(da)，致(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)(zai)正常的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)歐姆極化(hua)、濃差極化(hua)增(zeng)大(da)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受率(lv)降(jiang)低，在(zai)(zai)(zai)活性物質(zhi)尚未充(chong)分轉化(hua)時已達極化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓產生水分解(jie)(jie)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池迅速升溫使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不能繼續下去進而(er)(er)活性物質(zhi)轉化(hua)不完全，因而(er)(er)成為容量(liang)降(jiang)低和(he)壽(shou)命縮短的(de)原因。

4、如何防止電池產生硫化

每(mei)次(ci)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)及(ji)時(shi)補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)且要(yao)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，尤其是(shi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)盡量(liang)(liang)控制放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度，小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)過于(yu)致密，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采取小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)長時(shi)間。對于(yu)低溫大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，要(yao)采取多充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)百分之三十來恢復(fu)容量(liang)(liang)。長期擱(ge)置的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),要(yao)先充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)再擱(ge)置，在擱(ge)置每(mei)兩(liang)個月適當補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。

二、電動車電瓶硫化之后如何修復

1、水療法

對已硫化(hua)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以(yi)先將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)，倒出原電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)并注入密(mi)度(du)在(zai)1.10g/cm3以(yi)下(xia)較稀電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)，即向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中加水稀釋(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)，以(yi)提高硫酸鉛的溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)度(du)。采用(yong)(yong)20h率(lv)以(yi)下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)流，在(zai)液(ye)(ye)溫不超(chao)過20℃～40℃的范(fan)圍(wei)內較長(chang)時(shi)間充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最后在(zai)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況下(xia)用(yong)(yong)稍高電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)調(diao)整電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)至標準溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)濃度(du)，一般硫化(hua)現象可(ke)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)，容量恢(hui)復(fu)至80%以(yi)上可(ke)認(ren)為(wei)修復(fu)成功。

此法機理(li)，用降低酸液密度提(ti)高硫(liu)酸鹽的溶度積，采取小(xiao)電(dian)流長時間充電(dian)以降低歐姆極化延緩水分解(jie)電(dian)壓的提(ti)早出現，最終使硫(liu)化現象在溶解(jie)和轉化為活性物質(zhi)中逐漸(jian)減輕或消除(chu)。

此法(fa)特點對(dui)于加(jia)水蓄電池(chi)比較(jiao)適用，對(dui)于硫化嚴重(zhong)現(xian)象亦可反復處理，無須投(tou)資設備即可自行修復，缺點是過程太(tai)繁瑣對(dui)密封(feng)電池(chi)不太(tai)使用。

2、淺循環大電流充電法

對已硫(liu)化(hua)電(dian)池(chi)，采用大電(dian)流(liu)5h率以內電(dian)流(liu)，對電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)至稍過(guo)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態控制液(ye)溫不超過(guo)40度為宜，然后放電(dian)30%，如此反復數次可減輕(qing)和消(xiao)除(chu)硫(liu)化(hua)現象。

此法機理，用過充電析出氣體(ti)對極板表面(mian)輕微硫化鹽沖刷，使其脫附(fu)溶解并轉化為活性物質。

此(ci)法特點(dian)，對于(yu)輕(qing)微(wei)硫化可明顯修復。但對老電池不適用，因為(wei)在析出氣體(ti)沖(chong)刷(shua)硫酸鹽(yan)的同時也(ye)對正極板(ban)的活性物產生強烈沖(chong)刷(shua)，使活性物質(zhi)變軟(ruan)甚至(zhi)脫落。

3、化學修復法

對已(yi)硫化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，倒掉(diao)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，加入(ru)純水(shui)與硫酸(suan)鈉、硫酸(suan)鉀、酒石(shi)酸(suan)等(deng)物質混(hun)合液(ye)，采取正常(chang)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)幾次，然后倒出(chu)純水(shui)加入(ru)稍高密(mi)度酸(suan)液(ye)調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)酸(suan)液(ye)至標準液(ye)濃(nong)度，容量恢(hui)復至80%以上可認為修復成功。

此法機理，加入的(de)(de)這些硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)配位摻雜劑(ji)，可與很多金屬離子，包括(kuo)硫(liu)化鹽(yan)形成(cheng)配位化合(he)物。形成(cheng)的(de)(de)化合(he)物在酸(suan)性(xing)介質中是不(bu)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)，不(bu)導電的(de)(de)硫(liu)化層將逐步(bu)溶解返回到溶液中，使極板硫(liu)化脫附(fu)溶解。

此法(fa)特(te)點(dian)，修復效率和功效高于前兩(liang)種修復方法(fa)，缺點(dian)太繁瑣。

4、脈沖修復

對于硫(liu)化(hua)電(dian)池，可用(yong)一些(xie)專用(yong)的脈沖修復儀對電(dian)池充放電(dian)數(shu)次來消除硫(liu)化(hua)。

此法(fa)機理(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)固(gu)體(ti)物理(li)(li)(li)上(shang)來講，任(ren)何絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)足(zu)夠(gou)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下都可以擊(ji)穿(chuan)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)被擊(ji)穿(chuan)，就(jiu)(jiu)會由絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉變(bian)為導電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。如果對電(dian)(dian)(dian)導差阻值大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施加瞬間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，就(jiu)(jiu)可以擊(ji)穿(chuan)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛結晶(jing)。如果這個(ge)(ge)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)足(zu)夠(gou)短(duan)(duan)，并(bing)且進行限流，在(zai)打(da)穿(chuan)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情形下，控制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流適當，就(jiu)(jiu)不會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析(xi)氣(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析(xi)氣(qi)量取決于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小，如果脈沖(chong)寬度(du)足(zu)夠(gou)短(duan)(duan)，占空比夠(gou)大(da)(da)，就(jiu)(jiu)可以在(zai)保證(zheng)(zheng)擊(ji)穿(chuan)粗大(da)(da)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛結晶(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來不及形成(cheng)析(xi)氣(qi)，如果含(han)有(you)(you)負脈沖(chong)去極化(hua)(hua)(hua)，就(jiu)(jiu)更能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保證(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)擊(ji)穿(chuan)硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)時(shi)極板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)析(xi)出，這樣(yang)就(jiu)(jiu)實現了脈沖(chong)消除硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。從(cong)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)物理(li)(li)(li)學來說，硫(liu)(liu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)具有(you)(you)5個(ge)(ge)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)級(ji)(ji)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，處于(yu)(yu)亞(ya)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)級(ji)(ji)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)趨向于(yu)(yu)遷落到(dao)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共價健能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)級(ji)(ji)存在(zai)。在(zai)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共價鍵能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)級(ji)(ji)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，硫(liu)(liu)以包含(han)8個(ge)(ge)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環形分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形式存在(zai)，這8個(ge)(ge)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環形分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)模式是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合，難以躍變(bian)和被打(da)碎，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)現象(xiang)就(jiu)(jiu)是這種(zhong)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)級(ji)(ji)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)打(da)碎這些硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)給環形分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)提(ti)供一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量，促使(shi)外層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)加帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)被激活到(dao)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)帶，使(shi)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之間(jian)(jian)解除束縛。每一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)級(ji)(ji)都有(you)(you)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧振(zhen)頻(pin)率，諧振(zhen)頻(pin)率以外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量過高(gao)會使(shi)躍遷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)處于(yu)(yu)不穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，過低(di)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量不足(zu)以使(shi)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脫離(li)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)束縛，這樣(yang)脈沖(chong)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)儀在(zai)頻(pin)率多次(ci)變(bian)換中只要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)與硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產生(sheng)諧振(zhen)，就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為溶解于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，重(zhong)新參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應(ying)，在(zai)特定(ding)條件下轉換回活性物質。此法(fa)特點，效果好操(cao)作(zuo)方便。但需要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，個(ge)(ge)人用戶都不具備，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)購(gou)買。市(shi)場上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器參差不齊，很多脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器甚至是專(zhuan)(zhuan)用修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈寬比、占空比、負脈沖(chong)設計(ji)得(de)并(bing)不合理(li)(li)(li)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)起到(dao)去硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

大(da)容量(liang)(liang)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（以(yi)下(xia)簡(jian)稱“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”）是(shi)(shi)基(ji)站(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)。在國內(nei)出現“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荒(huang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠性顯得格外重要。在長三(san)角和珠三(san)角地區(qu)，每周內(nei)停三(san)供四(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間很多，甚至出現聽四(si)(si)供三(san)更加嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面。多數處于野外的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)站(zhan)，其供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)難以(yi)保證都是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)一(yi)(yi)、二類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)樣(yang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠性問(wen)題(ti)尤(you)其嚴(yan)重。 雖然目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學技(ji)術飛速發展，近年鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展也(ye)比(bi)較快，基(ji)本(ben)上以(yi)大(da)型(xing)(xing)閥(fa)控(kong)密封式鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)代替了防算酸隔爆型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。就是(shi)(shi)大(da)型(xing)(xing)閥(fa)控(kong)密封式鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)近些年也(ye)在發展。但是(shi)(shi)大(da)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)還是(shi)(shi)以(yi)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。如何延長鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)使用(yong)壽命(ming)，一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)(shi)業內(nei)人士探(tan)討的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要問(wen)題(ti)。

相(xiang)同的電池，在不(bu)(bu)同的設備(bei)(bei)條件(jian)、不(bu)(bu)同的使用(yong)條件(jian)和不(bu)(bu)同維護條件(jian)下使用(yong)壽命相(xiang)差很大。這就需(xu)要(yao)在設備(bei)(bei)條件(jian)、使用(yong)條件(jian)和維護條件(jian)上尋找其差異。而電池失效的的幾個主要(yao)現象是：

a、正極(ji)板(ban)軟化；

b、正極板(ban)板(ban)柵腐蝕(shi)；

c、負極(ji)板硫(liu)化(hua)；

d、失水；

e、少數電(dian)池(chi)出現(xian)熱失控（包括電(dian)池(chi)鼓脹）