【新型玉(yu)米播種(zhong)機(ji)】什(shen)么是免耕播種(zhong)機(ji) 新型玉(yu)米播種(zhong)機(ji)的(de)優點(dian)
什么是免耕播種機
播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前不(bu)單(dan)獨進行土(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作直(zhi)接在茬(cha)(cha)地上(shang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),作物生長期不(bu)進行土(tu)壤(rang)管理的耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作方法。用(yong)聯合(he)作業玉(yu)米(mi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機一次完成切茬(cha)(cha)、開溝、噴藥除(chu)草(cao)、播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)、覆(fu)土(tu)多道(dao)工(gong)序。廣(guang)義免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)包括少耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)。傳統的免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(少)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)技(ji)術在中國(guo)(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作史上(shang)出現較(jiao)早。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機市(shi)場調研報告顯示(shi),20世紀(ji)40年(nian)代(dai),美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)進行了少耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)研究,發現殘(can)茬(cha)(cha)覆(fu)蓋有保護(hu)土(tu)壤(rang)的作用(yong)。除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)和玉(yu)米(mi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機的研制(zhi)成功,為免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)提供了可(ke)能,并(bing)因能源緊張,使免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)技(ji)術得以(yi)發展。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)60年(nian)代(dai)開始應(ying)用(yong)于玉(yu)米(mi)、高粱(liang)、大豆和煙草(cao)等(deng)作物生產。以(yi)后逐漸(jian)為各國(guo)(guo)(guo)所重視和采用(yong)。
玉米免耕播種優點:
1、免耕(geng)直(zhi)播省(sheng)去了(le)耕(geng)地作業(ye),節省(sheng)了(le)作業(ye)費,播種期提前(qian),比常規平播提前(qian)1~2d。若遇陰雨天,免耕(geng)更會體現爭時的增產效應(ying)。
2、免耕地塊蓄水保墑能力強。由于地表有秸稈覆蓋,土壤的水、肥、氣、熱可協調供給,干旱時土壤不易裂縫,雨后不易積水。與翻耕的比玉米生長快,苗情好。另外,肥料不(bu)易流失,產量(liang)也相應提高。
3、玉米抗倒伏性好。免耕玉米表層根量多,主根發達,加(jia)之原有(you)土體結構未受到破(po)壞,玉米根系與土壤固結能力強,所以玉米抗倒伏能力強。
4、播(bo)種機市場(chang)調研得(de)知,玉米(mi)(mi)免耕(geng)播(bo)種機麥秸還田增加了土壤有機質含量,提高了土壤肥力,改善(shan)了土壤結(jie)構。經測算(suan),玉米(mi)(mi)免耕(geng)地(di)塊比(bi)翻(fan)耕(geng)地(di)塊增收玉米(mi)(mi)765kg/hm2,同時可減少耕(geng)地(di)作業費105元/hm2,間苗(miao)費60元/hm2,玉米(mi)(mi)生育期間減少1次澆水(shui),節(jie)水(shui)節(jie)油75元/hm2。