購買種子須知(zhi)

當前春(chun)耕在(zai)即，正是種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)銷售旺季和農民(min)大量(liang)購(gou)買種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)節。種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)作為有(you)生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)農業生(sheng)產資(zi)料，質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)好壞關(guan)系到農民(min)一(yi)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)收成(cheng)。種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是技(ji)術含量(liang)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品，用肉眼、憑表象往往難以識別種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)優劣(lie)(lie)，只(zhi)能是在(zai)購(gou)買時(shi)加以防(fang)范，多加注意，選擇(ze)合(he)法的(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)者、合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)等。那么，在(zai)購(gou)買種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候如何(he)防(fang)范假劣(lie)(lie)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)呢(ni)？

買(mai)誰(shui)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，到什么地方去(qu)買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)總(zong)體上講，就(jiu)是(shi)要買(mai)合(he)法經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)者的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，要買(mai)資金(jin)雄厚(hou)、信譽好(hao)的(de)(de)大型(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。按(an)照種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)者包括(kuo)具(ju)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)許可證(zheng)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)者及其分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)和代銷(xiao)者、包裝種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)零(ling)售商。但所(suo)有經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)者都(dou)應辦(ban)理營(ying)(ying)(ying)業執照。因此，購買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)應當到有固定(ding)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)場所(suo)、當地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)(si)等單(dan)位，最好(hao)是(shi)選擇大型(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)。

買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要買(mai)小包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，根(gen)據(ju)自己的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要買(mai)標簽(qian)(qian)齊(qi)全的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。根(gen)據(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關規(gui)定，銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)應(ying)(ying)當加工、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、附(fu)有(you)標簽(qian)(qian)，標簽(qian)(qian)應(ying)(ying)當標注(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)類別、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)稱(cheng)、產地(di)(di)(di)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經營許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)號、質量指標、檢疫(yi)證(zheng)明編(bian)號、凈(jing)含量、生(sheng)(sheng)產年(nian)月、生(sheng)(sheng)產商名(ming)稱(cheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)產商地(di)(di)(di)址以及(ji)聯(lian)(lian)系方(fang)式等，主(zhu)要農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)還應(ying)(ying)當加注(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)產許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)號和(he)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定編(bian)號。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)法這樣規(gui)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)便于使(shi)用者選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)。多數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)產商將標簽(qian)(qian)內容印在(zai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)袋上，農(nong)民(min)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)時要注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)查看(kan)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、質量是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合(he)需(xu)求，經營許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)號、生(sheng)(sheng)產商地(di)(di)(di)址及(ji)聯(lian)(lian)系方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)齊(qi)全，必(bi)要時可(ke)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)經營許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)號等信息向(xiang)農(nong)業行政主(zhu)管部(bu)門核實生(sheng)(sheng)產商情(qing)況，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定編(bian)號查詢品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要買(mai)質量合(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、優質的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)可(ke)貪圖便宜購(gou)(gou)買(mai)不(bu)合(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要購(gou)(gou)買(mai)合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，尤其(qi)要注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)適(shi)宜當地(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，要注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)查看(kan)標簽(qian)(qian)中(zhong)標注(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區域是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)包(bao)括(kuo)本地(di)(di)(di)，主(zhu)要農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)當是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審定通(tong)(tong)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首(shou)次要少(shao)量試驗、摸索其(qi)栽培技(ji)術及(ji)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)性、來年(nian)再大(da)量種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。

不要買什么樣的種子

一(yi)是(shi)散裝(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)或(huo)已打開包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)或(huo)無證包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)；二是(shi)標識(shi)模糊(hu)、標注不全的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)；三是(shi)走街串巷(xiang)、沿街叫賣、來路不明的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)；四(si)是(shi)小(xiao)廣告宣傳新特優、郵寄的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。

購種時注意事項

一(yi)是(shi)要注意(yi)核實種(zhong)子經營(ying)者(zhe)的證照，查看(kan)證照經營(ying)范圍與其(qi)所賣種(zhong)子是(shi)否相(xiang)符；二是(shi)查看(kan)包裝標簽(qian)是(shi)否完整清晰；三(san)是(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)經營(ying)者(zhe)索要發票等(deng)(deng)購種(zhong)憑據(ju)，購種(zhong)憑據(ju)要蓋有公(gong)章，并(bing)要求清楚地(di)標明(ming)購買時間、品種(zhong)名稱(cheng)、數(shu)量、等(deng)(deng)級、價(jia)格等(deng)(deng)重要信息，不(bu)要接受個人簽(qian)名的字(zi)據(ju)或收條(tiao)等(deng)(deng)；四是(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)經營(ying)者(zhe)索要種(zhong)子簡(jian)要性狀、主要栽培措施、使用條(tiao)件(jian)的說明(ming)等(deng)(deng)材料（如生(sheng)產商(shang)已將此類內容(rong)印在包裝袋上作為(wei)標簽(qian)一(yi)部分可以不(bu)索要）。另(ling)外，農民朋友購買種(zhong)子后要妥(tuo)善(shan)保存，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)南方陰(yin)雨潮濕氣候條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，最好放在冷涼干燥的地(di)方，防止霉爛(lan)變質，特(te)別是(shi)發芽率(lv)降低。

用種時注意事項

一(yi)(yi)是要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營(ying)者(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)栽(zai)培措(cuo)施(shi)、使(shi)用(yong)條件(jian)說(shuo)明使(shi)用(yong)，要(yao)做到良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良法配套，尤其(qi)不可隨意改變(bian)播期(qi)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)生長調(diao)節劑，以免因使(shi)用(yong)不當(dang)造成(cheng)損失。近幾年接觸的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)案件(jian)，有相當(dang)一(yi)(yi)部分是使(shi)用(yong)不當(dang)引(yin)起的(de)(de)，如有些農(nong)民(min)為了甘藍早上市(shi)，賣上好價錢，提(ti)前播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，結果(guo)造成(cheng)抽薹(tai)，不結球，造成(cheng)減產甚至絕收。二(er)是要(yao)根據(ju)土壤墑情等(deng)因素合理確定(ding)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)，自己(ji)儲存時間(jian)較長的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)最好先作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)下發(fa)芽試驗。三(san)是按(an)(an)規定(ding)處理剩余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，尤其(qi)包衣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)要(yao)注(zhu)意防止(zhi)中毒，不可用(yong)作(zuo)飼料或(huo)糧(liang)食。四是要(yao)妥(tuo)善保存包裝袋、標簽、說(shuo)明和(he)購(gou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑證等(deng)物(wu)品(pin)，以便出現事故(gu)時作(zuo)為證據(ju)。

種子使用過程中如果出現了問題，怎么辦？

根據種(zhong)子法的規定，種(zhong)子使用(yong)中(zhong)出(chu)現問題，可通過以下(xia)幾種(zhong)途徑解決：一是(shi)與(yu)種(zhong)子經營者協商；二是(shi)請求其他人(ren)或有關部門（農業局(ju)、工(gong)商局(ju)、消費(fei)者協會等）調解；三是(shi)向(xiang)仲裁機構申請仲裁；四(si)是(shi)向(xiang)人(ren)民法院起訴。

田(tian)間種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的莊(zhuang)稼出(chu)了(le)問(wen)題(ti)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有多(duo)方面的原(yuan)(yuan)因，除種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質量原(yuan)(yuan)因外，氣候(hou)、病蟲害(hai)、栽培不(bu)當等原(yuan)(yuan)因都可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造(zao)成問(wen)題(ti)。因此，出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)后首先要(yao)注意保全(quan)證(zheng)據，弄清原(yuan)(yuan)因。向當地(di)農(nong)業局種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子管理站、工商局、消費者協(xie)會等部(bu)門投(tou)訴，提(ti)交(jiao)購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑(ping)證(zheng)和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包裝(zhuang)袋(dai)等證(zheng)據，請種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經(jing)營者及有關部(bu)門現(xian)場考察，進(jin)行現(xian)場鑒定(ding)(ding)等。關于如(ru)何鑒定(ding)(ding)原(yuan)(yuan)因和(he)損(sun)失程度，2003年農(nong)業部(bu)發布了(le)《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質量糾紛田(tian)間現(xian)場鑒定(ding)(ding)辦法》，規定(ding)(ding)了(le)鑒定(ding)(ding)程序和(he)方法，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子管理部(bu)門會根據辦法給出(chu)一個科學的結論。同時(shi)，在(zai)這里提(ti)醒廣大(da)農(nong)民朋友，為最大(da)限度地(di)減少損(sun)失，在(zai)保全(quan)證(zheng)據的前提(ti)下(xia)，要(yao)積(ji)極采取(qu)補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、加強田(tian)間管理等補救措(cuo)施(shi)，切(qie)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)棄管。