購買種子須知

當前春耕在(zai)即(ji)，正是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)銷售旺季和農(nong)民大(da)量(liang)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)節。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)作為有生(sheng)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料，質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞關系到農(nong)民一年的(de)(de)(de)(de)收成。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是技術含量(liang)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品，用(yong)肉眼、憑表象往往難以(yi)識別種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)劣(lie)，只能是在(zai)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)時(shi)加(jia)以(yi)防(fang)范，多加(jia)注意(yi)，選擇(ze)合法的(de)(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)者(zhe)、合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)等。那么，在(zai)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候如何(he)防(fang)范假劣(lie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)呢？

買誰(shui)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，到什(shen)么地方去買種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總體上講，就是要買合(he)法經營(ying)(ying)者的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，要買資金雄厚(hou)、信(xin)譽好的(de)(de)大(da)型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。按照種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)規定(ding)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)者包括具(ju)有種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)許可證(zheng)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)(ying)者及其(qi)分支機構(gou)(gou)和代銷者、包裝(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)零售商。但所有經營(ying)(ying)者都應(ying)辦理營(ying)(ying)業執照。因(yin)此，購買種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應(ying)當到有固定(ding)的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)場所、當地種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)等單(dan)位，最好是選擇(ze)大(da)型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)分支機構(gou)(gou)。

買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)要(yao)買小包裝的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，根據(ju)自己的(de)(de)(de)需求選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)不同的(de)(de)(de)包裝規(gui)格。二是(shi)要(yao)買標(biao)簽(qian)齊全的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。根據(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)，銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應(ying)當(dang)加工、包裝、附有(you)標(biao)簽(qian)，標(biao)簽(qian)應(ying)當(dang)標(biao)注作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)類(lei)別、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)營許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)、檢疫證(zheng)明編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)、凈(jing)含量(liang)(liang)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)年月、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)名稱、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)地址以及(ji)聯系方式等，主(zhu)要(yao)農作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還應(ying)當(dang)加注種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)和品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法這樣規(gui)定(ding)是(shi)便于(yu)使用者選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。多數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)將標(biao)簽(qian)內容印在包裝袋(dai)上，農民購買時要(yao)注意查(cha)看，尤其是(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)(he)(he)需求，經(jing)營許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)地址及(ji)聯系方式是(shi)否(fou)齊全，必要(yao)時可(ke)(ke)通(tong)過經(jing)營許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)等信息向農業行政主(zhu)管部門核(he)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)情(qing)況，通(tong)過品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)號(hao)查(cha)詢品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況。三(san)是(shi)要(yao)買質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)合(he)(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不可(ke)(ke)貪(tan)圖便宜購買不合(he)(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。四(si)是(shi)要(yao)購買合(he)(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，尤其要(yao)注意是(shi)否(fou)適(shi)宜當(dang)地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植，要(yao)注意查(cha)看標(biao)簽(qian)中(zhong)標(biao)注的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區域是(shi)否(fou)包括本地，主(zhu)要(yao)農作(zuo)物品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)當(dang)是(shi)審定(ding)通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首(shou)次要(yao)少量(liang)(liang)試驗、摸索其栽培技術及(ji)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)應(ying)性、來(lai)年再大量(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。

不要買什么樣的種子

一(yi)是(shi)(shi)散裝種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或(huo)已打開(kai)包(bao)裝的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或(huo)無證包(bao)裝的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)；二是(shi)(shi)標識模糊、標注不全的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)；三是(shi)(shi)走街串巷、沿街叫賣、來路不明的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)；四是(shi)(shi)小廣(guang)告(gao)宣傳(chuan)新特優(you)、郵寄(ji)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。

購種時注意事項

一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)核實(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經(jing)營(ying)者的(de)證(zheng)照，查看證(zheng)照經(jing)營(ying)范(fan)圍與其所賣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)是(shi)(shi)否相符；二是(shi)(shi)查看包裝(zhuang)標簽是(shi)(shi)否完整清(qing)晰；三是(shi)(shi)向經(jing)營(ying)者索要(yao)(yao)發(fa)票(piao)等(deng)購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑據，購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑據要(yao)(yao)蓋有(you)公章(zhang)，并要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)清(qing)楚(chu)地標明(ming)(ming)購買時間(jian)、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)稱、數量、等(deng)級、價格(ge)等(deng)重要(yao)(yao)信息，不要(yao)(yao)接受個人簽名(ming)的(de)字據或(huo)收條等(deng)；四是(shi)(shi)向經(jing)營(ying)者索要(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)簡要(yao)(yao)性狀、主要(yao)(yao)栽培措施、使用條件的(de)說明(ming)(ming)等(deng)材料（如生產(chan)商已將此類(lei)內(nei)容印在包裝(zhuang)袋上作為標簽一(yi)(yi)部分可以不索要(yao)(yao)）。另外，農民朋友購買種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)后(hou)要(yao)(yao)妥(tuo)善保存(cun)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)南方(fang)陰雨潮濕氣候條件下，最好放在冷涼干(gan)燥的(de)地方(fang)，防(fang)止(zhi)霉(mei)爛變(bian)質，特別是(shi)(shi)發(fa)芽率降低。

用種時注意事項

一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格按種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經營者提供的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)栽培措(cuo)施、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)條件(jian)說明(ming)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)做到良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)法配(pei)套，尤其(qi)不可隨意改變播期和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)生長調節(jie)劑，以免因使(shi)(shi)用(yong)不當造成損失。近幾年(nian)接觸的一些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子案件(jian)，有(you)(you)相當一部分是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)不當引起的，如有(you)(you)些農民為(wei)了甘藍早(zao)上市，賣上好(hao)價錢，提前播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，結果造成抽(chou)薹，不結球，造成減產甚至絕收。二(er)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據土(tu)壤墑情等(deng)因素合理確定播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量，自(zi)己儲存(cun)時間較長的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子最好(hao)先作一下(xia)發(fa)芽試(shi)驗。三是(shi)按規定處(chu)理剩余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，尤其(qi)包衣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子要(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意防止中(zhong)毒，不可用(yong)作飼(si)料或(huo)糧食。四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)妥善保存(cun)包裝(zhuang)袋、標(biao)簽、說明(ming)和購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)憑證等(deng)物品(pin)，以便出(chu)現(xian)事故時作為(wei)證據。

種子使用過程中如果出現了問題，怎么辦？

根據種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)法(fa)的規定，種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)使(shi)用中出現問題，可通過以(yi)下幾種(zhong)途徑解決：一是(shi)(shi)與種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營者協商；二是(shi)(shi)請(qing)求其他人或有關部門（農(nong)業局、工商局、消費者協會(hui)等(deng)）調解；三(san)是(shi)(shi)向(xiang)仲裁機(ji)構申請(qing)仲裁；四是(shi)(shi)向(xiang)人民法(fa)院起訴。

田間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)稼出(chu)了問(wen)(wen)題，可(ke)能(neng)有多方(fang)面的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，除種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質量原(yuan)因(yin)外，氣候、病(bing)蟲害(hai)、栽培不(bu)當等(deng)(deng)原(yuan)因(yin)都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)問(wen)(wen)題。因(yin)此，出(chu)現問(wen)(wen)題后首先要注意(yi)保全(quan)證據(ju)(ju)，弄清(qing)原(yuan)因(yin)。向(xiang)當地農(nong)業局(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)管理站、工商局(ju)、消費(fei)者協會(hui)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門投訴，提交購(gou)種(zhong)(zhong)憑證和種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)袋(dai)等(deng)(deng)證據(ju)(ju)，請種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營(ying)者及(ji)有關部(bu)門現場考察，進(jin)行現場鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)等(deng)(deng)。關于如(ru)何鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)原(yuan)因(yin)和損失(shi)程(cheng)度，2003年農(nong)業部(bu)發(fa)布了《種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質量糾紛田間(jian)現場鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)辦法(fa)(fa)》，規定(ding)(ding)了鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)序和方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)管理部(bu)門會(hui)根據(ju)(ju)辦法(fa)(fa)給出(chu)一個科學的(de)(de)結論。同時，在(zai)這里(li)提醒廣大(da)農(nong)民(min)朋友(you)，為(wei)最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度地減少損失(shi)，在(zai)保全(quan)證據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)前提下，要積(ji)極采取補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)、加強(qiang)田間(jian)管理等(deng)(deng)補(bu)救措施，切不(bu)可(ke)棄管。