購買種子須知

當(dang)前春(chun)耕在(zai)即，正是種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)銷售旺(wang)季和農民(min)大量(liang)購(gou)買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)時節。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)作(zuo)為有生命的(de)(de)再(zai)生的(de)(de)農業生產資料，質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)好壞關(guan)系(xi)到(dao)農民(min)一年的(de)(de)收成(cheng)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是技術含量(liang)很高的(de)(de)商品，用(yong)肉(rou)眼、憑表象往(wang)往(wang)難以識別種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)優劣(lie)，只能是在(zai)購(gou)買(mai)時加以防范，多(duo)加注意，選(xuan)擇合法的(de)(de)經營者、合適的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)等。那么，在(zai)購(gou)買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)時候(hou)如何(he)防范假劣(lie)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)呢？

買誰的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，到什么(me)地方去買種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總體上講，就是要買合法經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，要買資金雄(xiong)厚、信譽好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。按照(zhao)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者包(bao)括具(ju)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)許(xu)可證的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者及(ji)其(qi)分(fen)支機構和代銷者、包(bao)裝種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零售商(shang)。但所(suo)有(you)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者都應辦理營(ying)業(ye)執照(zhao)。因此，購買種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應當到有(you)固定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)場所(suo)、當地種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司(si)等單位，最好(hao)是選(xuan)擇大型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)支機構。

買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)小包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)選擇(ze)不同的(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)規格(ge)(ge)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽齊全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。根(gen)據(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)(de)有關規定，銷售的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應(ying)當(dang)加工、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、附有標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽應(ying)當(dang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)類別、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、產(chan)地(di)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、質量(liang)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、檢疫證(zheng)明(ming)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、凈(jing)含量(liang)、生產(chan)年月、生產(chan)商名稱、生產(chan)商地(di)址以(yi)及聯系方式(shi)(shi)等，主要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還應(ying)當(dang)加注(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生產(chan)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)和品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法這樣規定是(shi)(shi)(shi)便(bian)于使用者選擇(ze)。多數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生產(chan)商將(jiang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽內容(rong)印在包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋上，農(nong)(nong)民(min)購買(mai)時要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意查(cha)看，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、質量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)需求(qiu)，經營(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、生產(chan)商地(di)址及聯系方式(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)齊全(quan)，必要(yao)(yao)時可(ke)通過(guo)經營(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)等信(xin)息(xi)向農(nong)(nong)業行政主管部門核實生產(chan)商情況(kuang)，通過(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定編(bian)(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)查(cha)詢品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)質量(liang)合(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、優質的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不可(ke)貪(tan)圖便(bian)宜購買(mai)不合(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)購買(mai)合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，尤其要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)適(shi)宜當(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意查(cha)看標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽中標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區域是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)包括本地(di)，主要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)當(dang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)審定通過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首次要(yao)(yao)少量(liang)試驗(yan)、摸索其栽培技術(shu)及品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)應(ying)性、來年再(zai)大量(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。

不要買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)散裝種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子或已(yi)打開(kai)包裝的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子或無證(zheng)包裝的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子；二是(shi)標識(shi)模糊、標注不全的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子；三(san)是(shi)走街串巷、沿街叫賣、來路不明的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子；四是(shi)小廣告(gao)宣(xuan)傳新特優、郵寄(ji)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。

購種時注意事項

一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意核實(shi)種子經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者的(de)證照，查看證照經(jing)營(ying)(ying)范圍與(yu)其所賣種子是(shi)否(fou)相符；二(er)是(shi)查看包裝標簽(qian)(qian)是(shi)否(fou)完整清(qing)晰(xi)；三是(shi)向經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者索(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)票等購(gou)種憑(ping)據，購(gou)種憑(ping)據要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蓋(gai)有公(gong)章，并要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求清(qing)楚地標明(ming)購(gou)買(mai)時間、品種名稱、數量、等級(ji)、價格等重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)信息(xi)，不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)接受(shou)個人簽(qian)(qian)名的(de)字據或收條等；四是(shi)向經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者索(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種子簡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性狀、主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)栽培(pei)措施、使用(yong)條件(jian)的(de)說明(ming)等材料（如生產(chan)商已將此(ci)類內容印在(zai)(zai)包裝袋上作為(wei)標簽(qian)(qian)一部分可以(yi)不索(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)）。另外，農民朋友購(gou)買(mai)種子后要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)妥善保存，尤其是(shi)南方陰雨潮濕(shi)氣候條件(jian)下，最好放(fang)在(zai)(zai)冷涼干燥的(de)地方，防止霉(mei)爛變質，特(te)別是(shi)發(fa)芽率(lv)降低。

用種時注意事項

一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)嚴格按(an)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營者提(ti)供的主要(yao)(yao)栽培措施、使(shi)(shi)用條件說明使(shi)(shi)用，要(yao)(yao)做到良種(zhong)良法配套，尤(you)其(qi)不可隨意改變播期和(he)使(shi)(shi)用生長調節劑，以(yi)免因(yin)(yin)使(shi)(shi)用不當造成損失。近幾(ji)年接觸的一(yi)些(xie)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)案件，有相當一(yi)部分是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用不當引起的，如(ru)有些(xie)農民為了甘藍早上(shang)市，賣上(shang)好價(jia)錢，提(ti)前播種(zhong)，結(jie)果造成抽薹，不結(jie)球，造成減產甚至絕收。二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)土壤墑情(qing)等因(yin)(yin)素合理確定播種(zhong)量，自己儲存時間較長的種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)最好先作一(yi)下發芽試驗。三是(shi)按(an)規定處理剩(sheng)余(yu)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，尤(you)其(qi)包(bao)衣(yi)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)要(yao)(yao)注意防止中毒，不可用作飼料(liao)或糧食(shi)。四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)妥善保存包(bao)裝袋、標簽、說明和(he)購種(zhong)憑證等物品，以(yi)便出現事(shi)故(gu)時作為證據(ju)。

種子使用過程中如果出現了問題，怎么辦？

根據種子(zi)法的(de)規定，種子(zi)使用中出(chu)現問(wen)題，可通過以(yi)下幾種途徑解決：一是(shi)與種子(zi)經營者(zhe)協商(shang)；二(er)是(shi)請求(qiu)其他人或有關部門（農業局、工(gong)商(shang)局、消費者(zhe)協會等）調解；三是(shi)向仲(zhong)裁機構申請仲(zhong)裁；四是(shi)向人民法院起訴。

田間種(zhong)(zhong)植的莊稼(jia)出了問題(ti)，可能有多方面的原因，除(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)量原因外(wai)，氣候、病蟲(chong)害、栽培不(bu)當等原因都可能造成(cheng)問題(ti)。因此，出現(xian)(xian)問題(ti)后首先(xian)要(yao)注意保全(quan)證據(ju)，弄(nong)清(qing)原因。向當地(di)(di)農業(ye)局(ju)(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)管理站(zhan)、工商局(ju)(ju)、消費(fei)者協會等部門(men)投訴，提(ti)交購種(zhong)(zhong)憑證和種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包裝袋等證據(ju)，請種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經(jing)營者及有關部門(men)現(xian)(xian)場考察，進行現(xian)(xian)場鑒(jian)定等。關于如(ru)何(he)鑒(jian)定原因和損(sun)失程度(du)，2003年農業(ye)部發布了《種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)量糾紛田間現(xian)(xian)場鑒(jian)定辦法》，規(gui)定了鑒(jian)定程序和方法，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)管理部門(men)會根據(ju)辦法給出一個科學(xue)的結論。同時，在(zai)這里提(ti)醒(xing)廣(guang)大(da)農民朋友，為最大(da)限度(du)地(di)(di)減(jian)少損(sun)失，在(zai)保全(quan)證據(ju)的前提(ti)下(xia)，要(yao)積極采取(qu)補(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)、加強田間管理等補(bu)(bu)救措(cuo)施，切不(bu)可棄管。