一、空氣分離設備是做什么的
空分設備,全稱是空氣分離設備,是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料,利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體,然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離,在原料的空氣中,除了灰塵之外,還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物,現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統,以改善空氣的清潔,避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集,從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多, 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置,也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛,如果您需要采購空分設備,可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。
二、空分設備原理
空(kong)(kong)分(fen)(fen)設備(bei)是一個大(da)型的復雜(za)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),主要由動力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、凈化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、制冷(leng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、熱交換系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、精(jing)(jing)餾(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、產(chan)品輸送系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)貯存系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等組成,其(qi)工作(zuo)原理(li)是:利用低(di)溫蒸餾(liu)將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)凝成液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti),根據各組分(fen)(fen)蒸發溫度(du)的不(bu)同將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離:純氮(dan)(dan)和純氧(yang)(yang)在上塔(ta)的頂(ding)部和底部得到(dao)。液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)和液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)也可以(yi)從主冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的蒸發和冷(leng)凝側除去。精(jing)(jing)餾(liu)塔(ta)內的空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離分(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)個階段(duan)(duan)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在下(xia)柱中多次(ci)分(fen)(fen)離,獲得液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)和富(fu)氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。將(jiang)富(fu)氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)送入精(jing)(jing)餾(liu)塔(ta),得到(dao)純氧(yang)(yang)和純氮(dan)(dan)。塔(ta)身上部分(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)段(duan)(duan):以(yi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)和空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)入口為邊界,上部為精(jing)(jing)餾(liu)段(duan)(duan),蒸餾(liu)上升氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti),回收氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成分(fen)(fen),凈化(hua)氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)純度(du),下(xia)部為精(jing)(jing)餾(liu)段(duan)(duan),將(jiang)氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成分(fen)(fen)在液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)中分(fen)(fen)離,提高液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)純度(du)。
三、空分設備的工藝流程
空分(fen)(fen)設(she)備(bei)是進(jin)(jin)行(xing)空氣(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)的設(she)備(bei),其分(fen)(fen)離(li)空氣(qi)的工藝(yi)流程(cheng)是:大(da)氣(qi)首先經過壓(ya)縮(suo)系(xi)(xi)統進(jin)(jin)行(xing)初(chu)步壓(ya)縮(suo),接著進(jin)(jin)入預冷系(xi)(xi)統初(chu)步冷卻,然后再進(jin)(jin)入純化系(xi)(xi)統除去一部分(fen)(fen)水分(fen)(fen)、二氧化碳(tan)等雜質,再經換(huan)熱(re)系(xi)(xi)統進(jin)(jin)一步冷卻,隨后進(jin)(jin)入到分(fen)(fen)餾系(xi)(xi)統(主(zhu)要包含(han)膨脹機、冷箱等,而冷箱又含(han)主(zhu)塔、主(zhu)冷、液體泵等設(she)備(bei),精餾過程(cheng)即在該系(xi)(xi)統完成),最后進(jin)(jin)入產品氣(qi)化、壓(ya)縮(suo)、儲存等后備(bei)系(xi)(xi)統。
四、空分設備安裝規范
1、凡圖紙(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)注明氮(dan)封保護出廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei),安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前必(bi)(bi)須(xu)認(ren)(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查氮(dan)封壓力,如有(you)(you)異常現(xian)象(xiang),應(ying)(ying)認(ren)(ren)真做好(hao)記錄(lu),并反映(ying)給有(you)(you)關人(ren)(ren)員,切勿(wu)急于(yu)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。在(zai)保證期內(nei),具(ju)備(bei)(bei)合格(ge)證且(qie)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前,可不單獨(du)進(jin)行壓力實驗(yan),否則,應(ying)(ying)按圖紙(zhi)要求進(jin)行強(qiang)度(du)試驗(yan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)氣(qi)密性(xing)試驗(yan),介質(zhi)為干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)無油的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)氮(dan)氣(qi)。2、所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、閥門及(ji)(ji)其(qi)附件,在(zai)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前必(bi)(bi)須(xu)是清潔干燥和(he)(he)不沾(zhan)(zhan)油污的(de)(de)(de)(de),鋁制件的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)CCL4,推薦(jian)用(yong)(yong)全(quan)氯乙烯或(huo)(huo)(huo)三氯乙烯,凡與氧(yang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)富氧(yang)介質(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)鋁制作容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、閥門、管(guan)(guan)道及(ji)(ji)各(ge)忌油機械(xie)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)CCL4脫(tuo)(tuo)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),脫(tuo)(tuo)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)最終簽定(ding)(ding)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)標準(zhun)(zhun),按照有(you)(you)關技術文件的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)。3、吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鋁制設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei),應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)保護措施(shi)(shi)(如索(suo)具(ju)外(wai)套(tao)橡(xiang)皮管(guan)(guan),索(suo)具(ju)間(jian)用(yong)(yong)支(zhi)撐撐開(kai)),以防止損壞設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei),安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),應(ying)(ying)采取(qu)包扎等臨時(shi)措施(shi)(shi),以防止雨水、灰塵、焊渣、機械(xie)雜(za)質(zhi)等落入設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)內(nei)及(ji)(ji)油脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污染。4、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)注意(yi)塔的(de)(de)(de)(de)標高、方(fang)位(wei)。5、冷(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)伐門、管(guan)(guan)道及(ji)(ji)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)架,冷(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)表面(mian)以及(ji)(ji)基礎表面(mian)待安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)結束后(hou),均(jun)不得沾(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)油脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),否則應(ying)(ying)進(jin)行去油處(chu)理。6、空(kong)(kong)(kong)、水冷(leng)塔在(zai)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前必(bi)(bi)須(xu)把平(ping)臺、梯子組對焊接(jie)好(hao),減少(shao)高空(kong)(kong)(kong)作業,做好(hao)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)注意(yi)標高、方(fang)位(wei),必(bi)(bi)要時(shi)要采取(qu)防風措施(shi)(shi),其(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂直度(du)不應(ying)(ying)大于(yu)1/1000,且(qie)不超過30毫米。7、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計、材料、設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)制造等問題(ti)時(shi),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員不得擅自決定(ding)(ding)處(chu)理,必(bi)(bi)須(xu)向施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)反映(ying),會同有(you)(you)關單位(wei)人(ren)(ren)員商定(ding)(ding)解決并留有(you)(you)書(shu)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據。8、吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)繩索(suo)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)使用(yong)(yong)前都應(ying)(ying)仔細檢查、確認(ren)(ren)無誤后(hou)方(fang)可投(tou)入使用(yong)(yong),設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)放(fang)應(ying)(ying)平(ping)穩、墊實。9、在(zai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)分(fen)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),除(chu)堅定(ding)(ding)執行一般工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)需遵(zun)守(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)技術規程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)措施(shi)(shi)外(wai),考慮到(dao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)分(fen)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)體積大、高度(du)高,怕碰、禁油等特點,高空(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)層作業多(duo),制定(ding)(ding)相應(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)全(quan)技術措施(shi)(shi),以確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)員及(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)全(quan)。