一、空氣分離設備是做什么的

空分設備，全稱是空氣分離設備，是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料，利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體，然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離，在原料的空氣中，除了灰塵之外，還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物，現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統，以改善空氣的清潔，避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集，從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多， 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置，也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛，如果您需要采購空分設備，可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。

二、空分設備原理

空(kong)(kong)分設(she)備是一個大型的(de)(de)復雜(za)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，主要由(you)動力系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、凈化系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、制(zhi)冷(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、熱交換系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、精(jing)餾(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、產品輸送系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、液(ye)體貯存系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等組成，其工作原理是：利(li)用(yong)低溫蒸餾(liu)將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)凝(ning)成液(ye)體，根(gen)據各組分蒸發溫度的(de)(de)不同將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)分離：純(chun)(chun)氮和(he)純(chun)(chun)氧在上(shang)塔(ta)的(de)(de)頂部(bu)(bu)和(he)底(di)部(bu)(bu)得(de)到。液(ye)氧和(he)液(ye)氮也可以從主冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)蒸發和(he)冷(leng)凝(ning)側(ce)除去(qu)。精(jing)餾(liu)塔(ta)內的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)分離分為兩個階段。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)在下柱中(zhong)多次分離，獲(huo)得(de)液(ye)氮和(he)富氧液(ye)態空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)。將富氧液(ye)態空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)送入精(jing)餾(liu)塔(ta)，得(de)到純(chun)(chun)氧和(he)純(chun)(chun)氮。塔(ta)身(shen)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)分為兩段：以液(ye)體和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)入口(kou)為邊(bian)界(jie)，上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)段，蒸餾(liu)上(shang)升氣(qi)(qi)體，回收氧氣(qi)(qi)成分，凈化氮氣(qi)(qi)純(chun)(chun)度，下部(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)段，將氮氣(qi)(qi)成分在液(ye)體中(zhong)分離，提(ti)高液(ye)氧純(chun)(chun)度。

三、空分設備的工藝流程

空(kong)分設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)是進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)分離的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，其分離空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)工藝流程是：大氣(qi)(qi)首(shou)先(xian)經(jing)過(guo)壓縮(suo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行初步(bu)壓縮(suo)，接著進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入預冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)初步(bu)冷(leng)(leng)卻，然后再進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入純化(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)除去一部(bu)分水分、二氧化(hua)碳(tan)等雜質，再經(jing)換(huan)熱系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一步(bu)冷(leng)(leng)卻，隨后進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入到(dao)分餾系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)（主(zhu)要包含膨脹機、冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)等，而冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)又(you)含主(zhu)塔、主(zhu)冷(leng)(leng)、液體泵等設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，精餾過(guo)程即在該系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)完成），最后進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入產品(pin)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)、壓縮(suo)、儲存等后備(bei)(bei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。

四、空分設備安裝規范

1、凡(fan)圖紙中(zhong)注明(ming)氮(dan)封保護(hu)出(chu)廠的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)器設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝前(qian)(qian)(qian)必(bi)須認(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)氮(dan)封壓力(li)(li)，如有(you)異常現象，應(ying)(ying)認(ren)真做好(hao)(hao)記錄，并反(fan)映給有(you)關(guan)(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)，切勿急(ji)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝。在保證期內(nei)，具(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)合格證且(qie)包(bao)裝完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器，在安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝前(qian)(qian)(qian)，可(ke)不單獨(du)進行(xing)(xing)壓力(li)(li)實(shi)驗，否則，應(ying)(ying)按(an)圖紙要求進行(xing)(xing)強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗或(huo)(huo)氣(qi)密性試(shi)(shi)驗，介質為干燥的(de)(de)(de)無油(you)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)或(huo)(huo)氮(dan)氣(qi)。2、所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器、閥門及(ji)(ji)(ji)其附件，在安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝前(qian)(qian)(qian)必(bi)須是清潔干燥和不沾(zhan)油(you)污的(de)(de)(de)，鋁(lv)制件的(de)(de)(de)脫脂嚴禁(jin)(jin)使用(yong)CCL4，推薦用(yong)全氯乙烯(xi)或(huo)(huo)三氯乙烯(xi)，凡(fan)與氧或(huo)(huo)富(fu)氧介質接觸的(de)(de)(de)非鋁(lv)制作(zuo)容(rong)(rong)器、閥門、管道及(ji)(ji)(ji)各(ge)忌(ji)油(you)機械(xie)均用(yong)CCL4脫脂，脫脂結果的(de)(de)(de)最終(zhong)簽定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法和標(biao)準(zhun)，按(an)照有(you)關(guan)(guan)技(ji)術(shu)文件的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。3、吊裝鋁(lv)制設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)保護(hu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)（如索具(ju)外套橡皮管，索具(ju)間(jian)用(yong)支撐撐開），以防(fang)止損(sun)壞設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)采(cai)取包(bao)扎等(deng)臨時(shi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以防(fang)止雨水、灰塵、焊渣、機械(xie)雜質等(deng)落(luo)入設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)內(nei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)脂污染(ran)。4、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝時(shi)注意塔(ta)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位。5、冷箱內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)器伐門、管道及(ji)(ji)(ji)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)支架，冷箱內(nei)表(biao)面(mian)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)基(ji)礎表(biao)面(mian)待(dai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝結束后(hou)，均不得沾(zhan)有(you)油(you)脂，否則應(ying)(ying)進行(xing)(xing)去油(you)處理。6、空(kong)、水冷塔(ta)在吊裝前(qian)(qian)(qian)必(bi)須把平(ping)臺、梯(ti)子組對焊接好(hao)(hao)，減少高(gao)(gao)(gao)空(kong)作(zuo)業(ye)，做好(hao)(hao)吊裝前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝時(shi)注意標(biao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位，必(bi)要時(shi)要采(cai)取防(fang)風(feng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，其安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝垂直度不應(ying)(ying)大(da)于1/1000，且(qie)不超過(guo)(guo)30毫米(mi)。7、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)遇到的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計、材料、設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)制造(zao)等(deng)問題時(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)不得擅自決(jue)(jue)定(ding)處理，必(bi)須向(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負責人(ren)反(fan)映，會同有(you)關(guan)(guan)單位人(ren)員(yuan)商(shang)定(ding)解決(jue)(jue)并留有(you)書面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)依據。8、吊裝設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)繩索、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)使用(yong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)都應(ying)(ying)仔細檢查(cha)、確認(ren)無誤后(hou)方(fang)(fang)可(ke)投入使用(yong)，設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)放應(ying)(ying)平(ping)穩、墊實(shi)。9、在空(kong)分(fen)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，除堅定(ding)執行(xing)(xing)一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)遵守的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)和措施(shi)(shi)(shi)外，考(kao)慮到空(kong)分(fen)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)體(ti)積大(da)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)，怕碰、禁(jin)(jin)油(you)等(deng)特(te)點，高(gao)(gao)(gao)空(kong)多層(ceng)作(zuo)業(ye)多，制定(ding)相應(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以確保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)人(ren)員(yuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全。