一、電纜附件是什么
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)附(fu)件(jian)(英文名(ming)稱(cheng):Cable Accessories)是(shi)連(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)與(yu)輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路及相關配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)產品,一般指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)路中各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)中間連(lian)接及終(zhong)端(duan)連(lian)接,它與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)一起(qi)構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送網絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)附(fu)件(jian)主要(yao)是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)結(jie)構的(de)特性(xing)(xing),既能恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能,又保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)長度的(de)延(yan)長及終(zhong)端(duan)的(de)連(lian)接。高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)附(fu)件(jian)的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)可(ke)以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能、密封防潮性(xing)(xing)能、機械性(xing)(xing)能和工藝性(xing)(xing)能等方面進行評判。
二、電纜附件包括什么
電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的各(ge)種中間接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)和(he)終(zhong)端(duan)頭(tou),統稱為電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附件,常用于制作電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中間接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)和(he)終(zhong)端(duan)頭(tou)的配件有接(jie)(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子、連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)(jie)地線、撐(cheng)板(ban)、電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)、電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中間接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)等。
1、接線端子
也(ye)稱接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)鼻子(zi),通過接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)使(shi)得電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)設(she)備端(duan)子(zi)相連接(jie)(jie)。根據(ju)電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)材料的不(bu)同,接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)分為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻子(zi)(如:DT和DTM系(xi)(xi)列銅(tong)(tong)(tong)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi))、鋁鼻子(zi)(如:DLM系(xi)(xi)列鋁接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi))、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁過渡(du)鼻子(zi)(如:DTL系(xi)(xi)列銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi))。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻子(zi)用于電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)(jie)設(she)備材料均(jun)(jun)為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。當電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)(jie)設(she)備材料不(bu)同時(shi)要采用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁過渡(du)鼻子(zi),各種接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)鼻子(zi)均(jun)(jun)有成品供(gong)應,特殊情況下也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)單(dan)獨(du)加工。
2、連接管
用(yong)于電纜中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭的導線連接(jie)(jie)(jie),也分為銅(tong)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(如(ru):GT系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管)、鋁(lv)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(如(ru):GL和GLM系列(lie)(lie)鋁(lv)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管)、銅(tong)鋁(lv)過渡連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(如(ru):GTLM系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)鋁(lv)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管)。
3、接地線
當電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線(xian)流過短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流時,由于短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流往往較大,會在金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)護(hu)套(tao)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)定的(de)感(gan)(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)壓,當感(gan)(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)壓超過一(yi)定值時,就能擊穿電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)內襯層(ceng),引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu),嚴重(zhong)的(de)還會燒壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)護(hu)套(tao)。為了防止這(zhe)種事故的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),必須將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)除(chu)線(xian)芯以外(wai)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)部分連接(jie)(jie)起(qi)來并且接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)。通(tong)常的(de)做法是將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)護(hu)套(tao)、金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)、鎧裝層(ceng)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終端頭及中(zhong)間接(jie)(jie)頭的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)外(wai)殼用導線(xian)錫焊起(qi)來并與接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)網相連接(jie)(jie)。
4、撐板
在多芯電纜的(de)(de)中間接頭中,為了保持(chi)絕(jue)緣線芯之(zhi)間及(ji)與鉛或(huo)銅套管之(zhi)間的(de)(de)距離(li),保證相間絕(jue)緣以(yi)及(ji)便于(yu)固定安裝,需(xu)要(yao)使(shi)用撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban),撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)有(you)瓷撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和環氧(yang)樹(shu)脂撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)要(yao)與護套管相配套。沒有(you)合適的(de)(de)撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也(ye)可以(yi)將絕(jue)緣帶卷(juan)成小(xiao)卷(juan)置于(yu)電纜芯之(zhi)間,以(yi)代替(ti)成撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。
5、電纜終端盒
電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒是電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終端(duan)(duan)頭(tou)的外殼總稱。根(gen)據不同的使(shi)用環境,電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒可以分為(wei)戶(hu)(hu)內終端(duan)(duan)盒和(he)戶(hu)(hu)外終端(duan)(duan)盒兩(liang)種。戶(hu)(hu)內電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒一般采用尼龍(long)、環氧(yang)樹脂或(huo)聚丙(bing)乙烯等(deng)作為(wei)材料。戶(hu)(hu)外電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒有鋁合金(jin)電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒、環氧(yang)樹脂終端(duan)(duan)盒等(deng)。選擇時(shi)要根(gen)據實際情況(kuang)而定(ding)。
6、電纜中間接頭盒
電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)的外殼稱為電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)。電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)根據使用的場合(he)和(he)材料(liao)的不(bu)同主(zhu)要分為以(yi)下幾類:鉛套管式地下電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)、玻璃(li)鋼地下電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)、聚(ju)苯(ben)乙烯電(dian)纜(lan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)、鑄(zhu)鋁合(he)金電(dian)纜(lan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)。
三、電纜附件的種類有哪些
電纜附件的(de)種類繁多(duo),具(ju)有(you)不同類型的(de)特點及(ji)局限性,一般不能相互取代(dai)。常見的(de)有(you)如下幾種:
1、繞(rao)包式:用制成(cheng)的橡膠帶(dai)材(自粘性)現場(chang)繞(rao)包制作的電(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)稱(cheng)為繞(rao)包式電(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian),該附(fu)(fu)件(jian)易(yi)松脫、耐火性較差、壽命(ming)短。
2、澆灌式:用(yong)熱固(gu)性樹脂作為主要材料在現場澆灌而成,所選的材料有環(huan)氧樹脂、聚氨脂、丙烯酸(suan)脂等,該類附(fu)件(jian)的致命(ming)缺(que)點是固(gu)化時易產生氣(qi)泡。
3、模塑式:主(zhu)要用于電纜中間(jian)連接(jie),在現場進行(xing)加模加溫,與電纜融(rong)為(wei)一(yi)體,該附件(jian)制作工藝復雜且時間(jian)長,亦不適用于終端接(jie)頭。
4、冷縮式:用硅橡膠(jiao)、三元乙丙橡膠(jiao)等彈性(xing)體先在(zai)(zai)工廠預擴(kuo)張并加入塑料支撐條而(er)成(cheng)型(xing)。在(zai)(zai)現場施工時,抽出(chu)支撐條使管材在(zai)(zai)橡膠(jiao)固有的(de)彈性(xing)效應下玲(ling)收(shou)縮在(zai)(zai)電纜上而(er)制成(cheng)電纜附件,該(gai)附件最適合(he)于不能(neng)用明火加熱的(de)施工場所,如礦(kuang)山、石油化工等。
5、熱縮(suo)式:將橡(xiang)塑合金制成具(ju)有“形狀記憶效應的(de)不同(tong)組件制品,在(zai)現(xian)場加熱收縮(suo)在(zai)電纜上而制成的(de)附(fu)件。該附(fu)件具(ju)有重量輕、施工簡單(dan)方便、運行可靠(kao)、價格(ge)低廉等特點。
6、預(yu)制式(shi):用(yong)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠注射成(cheng)不(bu)同組(zu)件(jian),一次硫化(hua)成(cheng)型,僅保留(liu)接觸(chu)界面,在(zai)現場施(shi)工時插入(ru)電纜而制成(cheng)的(de)(de)附(fu)件(jian)。該(gai)施(shi)工工藝(yi)將環境中不(bu)可測的(de)(de)不(bu)利(li)因(yin)素降低到最低程度,因(yin)此該(gai)附(fu)件(jian)具有巨大的(de)(de)潛(qian)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)價值,是交聯電纜附(fu)件(jian)的(de)(de)發展方(fang)向,但制造技(ji)術難度高(gao),涉(she)及多種學科及行業。預(yu)制式(shi)附(fu)件(jian)在(zai)電纜的(de)(de)三叉口及屏蔽口以下(xia)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)材料仍采(cai)用(yong)熱縮(suo)材料,因(yin)此實際上是預(yu)制式(shi)和熱縮(suo)式(shi)的(de)(de)組(zu)合。
四、電纜附件的作用是什么
電(dian)纜附件的(de)作用,就是起到(dao)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)連接作用和穩定作用,從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)使電(dian)壓從(cong)(cong)(cong)高位電(dian)壓向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)纜的(de)底端進行一(yi)定,以達到(dao)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)穩定的(de)狀(zhuang)態,使其(qi)各種(zhong)(zhong)終(zhong)端電(dian)廠的(de)軸應(ying)力和向(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)力發展(zhan)一(yi)定的(de)變化,從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)實現(xian)電(dian)纜的(de)連續(xu)。
目前(qian),在電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)施工當中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)主要由導體、絕(jue)緣(yuan)、護(hu)層(ceng)和屏蔽(bi)這三個方面組成(cheng)的(de),而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件則是通(tong)過本身的(de)連(lian)接和穩定的(de)作用(yong),使其電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)得以(yi)延續。以(yi)實(shi)現導體間的(de)良好(hao)接觸(chu)和絕(jue)緣(yuan)外(wai)層(ceng)的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)實(shi)施,從(cong)而(er)(er)保障電(dian)(dian)力供應的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性,使得人們的(de)生活(huo)質量不受到影響,讓(rang)社(she)會經濟可(ke)以(yi)快速的(de)發展。
在(zai)(zai)進行電(dian)纜施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,電(dian)纜附件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)藝和其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)廠存在(zai)(zai)著一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特性,而且除了要保(bao)(bao)證自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性以外,還要保(bao)(bao)證電(dian)纜附件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣性,以確保(bao)(bao)在(zai)(zai)長久的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力使用中不會出現問題,而且超強的(de)(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)性,也(ye)可以大幅(fu)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高了電(dian)纜使用壽命。
更多電纜附件內容請查看電纜附件十大品牌。