一、電纜附件是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)（英文名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)連(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與(yu)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)相關配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)(de)產品，一般指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間連(lian)接及(ji)終端連(lian)接，它與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)一起(qi)構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送網絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)主要是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結構的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)，既能恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能，又(you)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長度的(de)(de)(de)延長及(ji)終端的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可靠性(xing)可以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能、密封(feng)防潮性(xing)能、機械性(xing)能和工藝性(xing)能等方面進行(xing)評判(pan)。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)各種中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭和終(zhong)端頭，統稱為電(dian)(dian)纜附件，常用(yong)于制作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭和終(zhong)端頭的(de)配件有接(jie)(jie)線端子、連接(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)地線、撐板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)端盒、電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭盒等。

1、接線端子

也(ye)稱接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，通過接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)設備(bei)(bei)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)。根據電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)材料的(de)不同，接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)為(wei)銅(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DT和DTM系列銅(tong)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、鋁(lv)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DLM系列鋁(lv)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、銅(tong)鋁(lv)過渡鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DTL系列銅(tong)鋁(lv)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）。銅(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)用于電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)設備(bei)(bei)材料均為(wei)銅(tong)。當(dang)電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)設備(bei)(bei)材料不同時(shi)要(yao)采(cai)用銅(tong)鋁(lv)過渡鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各種接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均有成(cheng)品(pin)供應，特殊(shu)情況下也(ye)可以單獨加工。

2、連接管

用于(yu)電纜中間接(jie)頭的導線連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，也分為(wei)銅(tong)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管（如(ru)(ru)：GT系(xi)(xi)列銅(tong)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管）、鋁連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管（如(ru)(ru)：GL和GLM系(xi)(xi)列鋁連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管）、銅(tong)鋁過渡連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管（如(ru)(ru)：GTLM系(xi)(xi)列銅(tong)鋁連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線(xian)(xian)流(liu)過短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，由(you)于短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)往往較大，會(hui)在金(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套(tao)中(zhong)產生(sheng)一定的(de)(de)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過一定值時(shi)，就能擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)內襯層，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)還會(hui)燒壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)護(hu)套(tao)。為了防止(zhi)這種事(shi)故(gu)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)，必須將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)除線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)以外的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)部分連接起(qi)來(lai)并且接地(di)。通常的(de)(de)做法是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套(tao)、金(jin)屬(shu)屏蔽(bi)層、鎧裝層、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終端頭及中(zhong)間(jian)接頭的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)外殼用導線(xian)(xian)錫焊起(qi)來(lai)并與接地(di)網相(xiang)連接。

4、撐板

在多芯(xin)電纜的(de)中間接頭中，為(wei)了保(bao)持絕緣線芯(xin)之(zhi)間及(ji)與鉛或(huo)銅(tong)套(tao)管之(zhi)間的(de)距離(li)，保(bao)證相(xiang)間絕緣以及(ji)便(bian)于固定安裝，需要(yao)使用撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)有(you)瓷(ci)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和環氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)選擇要(yao)與護(hu)套(tao)管相(xiang)配(pei)套(tao)。沒有(you)合(he)適的(de)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也可以將絕緣帶卷成小卷置于電纜芯(xin)之(zhi)間，以代替成撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)頭(tou)的外(wai)殼(ke)總稱。根(gen)據(ju)不同的使(shi)用環境，電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)可(ke)以分為(wei)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)內終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)和戶(hu)(hu)(hu)外(wai)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)兩種。戶(hu)(hu)(hu)內電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)一般采用尼龍(long)、環氧樹脂(zhi)或聚丙乙烯(xi)等作為(wei)材(cai)料(liao)。戶(hu)(hu)(hu)外(wai)電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)有鋁合金電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)、環氧樹脂(zhi)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)等。選擇(ze)時要根(gen)據(ju)實際情(qing)況而(er)定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)稱為電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)根據使用的(de)場合和材料的(de)不(bu)同(tong)主(zhu)要分為以下(xia)幾類：鉛套管式地(di)(di)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)、玻璃鋼地(di)(di)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)、聚(ju)苯(ben)乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)、鑄(zhu)鋁合金電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)。

三、電纜附件的種類有哪些

電纜附件(jian)的種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，具有不同類(lei)型的特(te)點及局限性，一般不能相互取代。常見的有如下幾(ji)種(zhong)：

1、繞包(bao)(bao)式：用制成(cheng)的(de)(de)橡膠帶材（自粘性(xing)(xing)）現場繞包(bao)(bao)制作的(de)(de)電纜(lan)附件稱為繞包(bao)(bao)式電纜(lan)附件，該(gai)附件易(yi)松脫、耐火(huo)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差、壽命短。

2、澆(jiao)灌(guan)式：用熱固性樹(shu)脂作為(wei)主要(yao)材(cai)料(liao)在現場澆(jiao)灌(guan)而成，所(suo)選的材(cai)料(liao)有(you)環氧樹(shu)脂、聚(ju)氨脂、丙烯(xi)酸脂等(deng)，該類(lei)附件的致命缺點是固化時易產生氣(qi)泡(pao)。

3、模塑式：主要用(yong)于電纜中間(jian)連接(jie)，在(zai)現場(chang)進行加模加溫，與電纜融(rong)為一(yi)體，該(gai)附件制(zhi)作工藝復雜(za)且時間(jian)長，亦不適用(yong)于終端接(jie)頭。

4、冷縮式：用硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)、三元乙丙橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)等彈(dan)性(xing)體先在(zai)工廠預擴(kuo)張并加(jia)入(ru)塑料支撐條而(er)成型(xing)。在(zai)現場施工時，抽出支撐條使管(guan)材在(zai)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)固有的(de)彈(dan)性(xing)效(xiao)應下(xia)玲收縮在(zai)電纜上而(er)制成電纜附件，該附件最適合于不(bu)能用明火加(jia)熱(re)的(de)施工場所，如礦山(shan)、石(shi)油化工等。

5、熱縮式(shi)：將橡(xiang)塑合金制(zhi)成具有“形狀記憶(yi)效(xiao)應的(de)不同組件制(zhi)品，在(zai)現場加熱收縮在(zai)電(dian)纜上而制(zhi)成的(de)附件。該附件具有重量輕、施(shi)工簡單方(fang)便、運行可靠、價格低廉(lian)等特點。

6、預制式(shi)：用(yong)(yong)硅橡膠(jiao)注射成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)同組件，一次硫化成(cheng)型(xing)，僅保留接觸界面，在現(xian)場施工時插入電(dian)纜而制成(cheng)的附件。該施工工藝將(jiang)環境(jing)中不(bu)(bu)可測的不(bu)(bu)利因(yin)素降(jiang)低到(dao)最低程度，因(yin)此該附件具(ju)有巨大的潛在使用(yong)(yong)價值，是交聯(lian)電(dian)纜附件的發(fa)展(zhan)方向，但(dan)制造技術難度高(gao)，涉(she)及(ji)(ji)多種學科及(ji)(ji)行業。預制式(shi)附件在電(dian)纜的三(san)叉口及(ji)(ji)屏蔽口以下(xia)的安裝材料仍采用(yong)(yong)熱縮材料，因(yin)此實際上(shang)是預制式(shi)和(he)熱縮式(shi)的組合。

四、電纜附件的作用是什么

電纜附件的(de)(de)作用，就(jiu)是(shi)起(qi)到一(yi)種(zhong)連(lian)接作用和穩定作用，從(cong)而使(shi)電壓從(cong)高(gao)位電壓向電纜的(de)(de)底端進行一(yi)定，以達(da)到一(yi)種(zhong)穩定的(de)(de)狀態(tai)，使(shi)其各種(zhong)終端電廠的(de)(de)軸應力(li)和向應力(li)發展(zhan)一(yi)定的(de)(de)變化(hua)，從(cong)而實(shi)現電纜的(de)(de)連(lian)續。

目前(qian)，在電纜(lan)(lan)施工當中，電纜(lan)(lan)主要由導(dao)體、絕(jue)緣(yuan)、護層(ceng)和屏蔽這(zhe)三個方面組(zu)成的，而電纜(lan)(lan)附件則是通過本身的連接和穩(wen)定的作用，使(shi)(shi)其電纜(lan)(lan)的功能(neng)得(de)以延續(xu)。以實現導(dao)體間的良好接觸和絕(jue)緣(yuan)外層(ceng)的可靠實施，從而保障電力供(gong)應(ying)的可靠性，使(shi)(shi)得(de)人(ren)們的生活質量不受(shou)到影響，讓(rang)社會經濟可以快速的發(fa)展。

在進行電(dian)纜施工的(de)(de)(de)時候，電(dian)纜附件的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)工藝和其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣元件的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)工廠(chang)存在著一定的(de)(de)(de)獨特性(xing)，而且除(chu)了(le)要保證(zheng)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)以(yi)外，還要保證(zheng)電(dian)纜附件的(de)(de)(de)絕緣性(xing)，以(yi)確保在長久的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力使用(yong)中不會出(chu)現問題，而且超強的(de)(de)(de)防水性(xing)，也可以(yi)大幅(fu)度的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)電(dian)纜使用(yong)壽命。

更多電纜附件內容請查看電纜附件十大品牌。